Evolución de la ingesta y del estado nutricional de zinc, hierro y cobre en mujeres sometidas a cirugía bariátrica hasta el segundo año postoperatorio / Evolution of the intake and nutritional status of zinc, iron and copper in women undergoing bariatric surgery until the second year after surgery

Introducción: La cirugía bariátrica permite una reducción significativa de peso y mejoría de comorbilidades asociadas a la obesidad a largo plazo, pero también puede afectar negativamente el estado nutricional de algunos micronutrientes. Objetivos: Evaluar cambios en ingesta e indicadores del estado nutricional de zinc, hierro y cobre en mujeres sometidas a bypass gástrico en Y de Roux (BPG) o gastrectomía tubular (GT), hasta el segundo año postoperatorio. Métodos: Se estudió prospectivamente 45 mujeres sometidas a BPG o GT (edad promedio 35,2 ± 8,4 años, IMC promedio 39,8 ± 4,0 kg/m2), cada 6 meses se realizaron determinaciones de ingesta e indicadores del estado nutricional de zinc, hierro y cobre, y en forma anual se evaluó la composición corporal. El aporte de minerales a través de los suplementos representaba dos veces la ingesta recomendada para una mujer sana en las pacientes sometidas a GT y tres veces para BPG. Resultados: 20 mujeres se sometieron a GT y 25 a BPG. En ambos grupos se produjo una reducción significativa de peso y del porcentaje de masa grasa, que se mantuvo hasta el segundo año postoperatorio. Las mujeres sometidas a BPG presentaron un mayor compromiso del estado nutricional de zinc, hierro y cobre, que las pacientes sometidas a GT. Conclusiones: El bypass gástrico en Y de Roux produce un compromiso mayor del estado nutricional de zinc, hierro y cobre que la gastrectomía tubular. Se debería evaluar si la administración fraccionada de la suplementación mejoraría la absorción de estos nutrientes (AU)

Introduction: Bariatric surgery allows a significant reduction in weight and improvement of comorbidities associated with obesity in the long term, but it can also adversely affect the nutritional status of some micronutrients. Objectives: To evaluate changes in intake and parameters of nutritional status of zinc, iron and copper in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG), until the second postoperative year. Methods: We prospectively studied 45 women undergoing GBP or SG (mean age 35.2 ± 8.4 years, mean BMI 39.8 ± 4.0 kg/m2), every 6 months We measured intake and status indications nutritional zinc, iron and copper, and annually evaluated body composition. The contribution of minerals through supplements represented twice the recommended intake for a healthy woman in patients undergoing GT and three times for GBP. Results: 20 women underwent GBP and 25 SG. In both groups there was a significant reduction in weight and body fat percentage, which was maintained until the second postoperative year. Women who have had a greater commitment GBP nutritional status of zinc, iron and copper, that patients undergoing SG. Conclusions: Gastric bypass Roux-Y produces a greater commitment of nutritional status of zinc, iron and copper sleeve gastrectomy. It should evaluate whether administration of supplementation fractional improve the absorption of these nutrients (AU)

[Nutritional assessment for cancer patient]. / Evaluación nutricional del paciente con cáncer.

Weight loss and malnutrition is common in cancer patients, both origin of complications during the course of the disease. Although weight loss is predominantly due to loss of fat mass, the morbidity risk is given by the decrease in muscle mass. The causes of malnutrition are numerous, but the tumor cachexia and anorexia are the principals. The assessment of nutritional status is essential for a diagnosis of nutritional compromise and for the multidisciplinary management required. Subjective Global Assessment combines medical history, physical examination to classify patients as well nourished, moderately or severely malnourished. Subjective global assessment generated by the patient also includes nutritional symptoms and weight loss. Both instruments can serve as indicators of survival. The objective assessment, a significant weight loss (> 10%) for 6 months is considered an indicator of nutritional deficiency. BMI on the other hand has not proven to be a good indicator of malnutrition. Albumin and prealbumin, although widely used, should be used with caution. These are acute phase proteins, a situation that would alter specificity for diagnosis of visceral protein malnutrition. The bioelectrical impedance, in addition to determine body composition, has been linked to survival time and mortality. Although there are various methods, there is no "Gold Standard". The nutritional assessment instruments should be chosen according to the patient's condition.

Evaluación nutricional del paciente con cáncer / Nutritional assessment for cancer patient

La pérdida de peso y la desnutrición es frecuente en pacientes oncológicos, siendo ambas origen de complicaciones durante el transcurso de la enfermedad. Aunque la reducción de peso se debe predominantemente a la pérdida de masa grasa, el riesgo morbimortalidad está dado por la disminución de masa muscular. Las causas de desnutrición son múltiples, sin embargo la caquexia tumoral y la anorexia son las principales. La evaluación del estado nutricional es fundamental para un diagnóstico del compromiso nutricional y para el manejo multidisciplinario que se requiere. La evaluación global subjetiva combina antecedentes clínicos con el examen físico para catalogar a los pacientes como bien nutridos, moderada o severamente desnutridos. La evaluación global subjetiva generada por el paciente incluye además síntomas nutricionales y pérdida de peso. Ambos instrumentos pueden servir como indicadores de sobrevida. En la evaluación objetiva, una baja de peso significativa (> 10%) durante 6 meses se considera indicador de déficit nutricional. El IMC por su parte no ha demostrado ser buen indicador de desnutrición. La albúmina y la prealbúmina, aunque de uso corriente, deben ser empleadas con precaución. Éstas son proteínas de fase aguda, situación que alteraría especificidad para el diagnóstico de desnutrición proteica visceral. La bioimpedanciometria, además de determinar composición corporal, se ha relacionado con tiempo de supervivencia y mortalidad. Aunque hay diversos métodos, no existe un "Gold Estándar". Los instrumentos para la evaluación nutricional deben ser escogidos según la condición del paciente (AU)

Weight loss and malnutrition is common in cancer patients, both origin of complications during the course of the disease. Although weight loss is predominantly due to loss of fat mass, the morbidity risk is given by the decrease in muscle mass. The causes of malnutrition are numerous, but the tumor cachexia and anorexia are the principals. The assessment of nutritional status is essential for a diagnosis of nutritional compromise and for the multidisciplinary management required. Subjective Global Assessment combines medical history, physical examination to classify patients as well nourished, moderately or severely malnourished. Subjective global assessment generated by the patient also includes nutritional symptoms and weight loss. Both instruments can serve as indicators of survival. The objective assessment, a significant weight loss (> 10%) for 6 months is considered an indicator of nutritional deficiency. BMI on the other hand has not proven to be a good indicator of malnutrition. Albumin and prealbumin, although widely used, should be used with caution. These are acute phase proteins, a situation that would alter specificity for diagnosis of visceral protein malnutrition. The bioelectrical impedance, in addition to determine body composition, has been linked to survival time and mortality. Although there are various methods, there is no "Gold Standard". The nutritional assessment instruments should be chosen according to the patient's condition (AU)

[Evolution of the intake and nutritional status of zinc, iron and copper in women undergoing bariatric surgery until the second year after surgery]. / Evolución de la ingesta y del estado nutricional de zinc, hierro y cobre en mujeres sometidas a cirugía bariátrica hasta el segundo año postoperatorio.

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery allows a significant reduction in weight and improvement of comorbidities associated with obesity in the long term, but it can also adversely affect the nutritional status of some micronutrients. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate changes in intake and parameters of nutritional status of zinc, iron and copper in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (GBP) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG), until the second postoperative year. METHODS: We prospectively studied 45 women undergoing GBP or SG (mean age 35.2 ± 8.4 years, mean BMI 39.8 ± 4.0 kg/m²), every 6 months We measured intake and status indications nutritional zinc, iron and copper, and annually evaluated body composition. The contribution of minerals through supplements represented twice the recommended intake for a healthy woman in patients undergoing GT and three times for GBP. RESULTS: 20 women underwent GBP and 25 SG. In both groups there was a significant reduction in weight and body fat percentage, which was maintained until the second postoperative year. Women who have had a greater commitment GBP nutritional status of zinc, iron and copper, that patients undergoing SG. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric bypass Roux-Y produces a greater commitment of nutritional status of zinc, iron and copper sleeve gastrectomy. It should evaluate whether administration of supplementation fractional improve the absorption of these nutrients.

Alopecia en mujeres con obesidad severa y mórbida sometidas a cirugía bariátrica / Alopecia in women with severe and morbid obesity who undergo bariatric surgery

Introducción: La cirugía bariátrica produce una reducción de peso significativa, pero se asocia a un mayor riesgo de presentar algunas deficiencias nutricionales. Una complicación frecuente, poco estudiada, que se ha relacionado principalmente con deficiencia de zinc, es la alopecia. Objetivos: comparar el estado nutricional de zinc, hierro, cobre, selenio y proteico-visceral en mujeres con distinto grado de caída del pelo al sexto mes post bypass gástrico o gastrectomía tubular. Métodos: Según el grado de caída de pelo las pacientes fueron divididas en dos grupos: grupo 1 o caída leve (n =42) y grupo 2 o caída importante del pelo (n = 45). Se evaluó en el preoperatorio y al sexto mes postoperatorio la ingesta de zinc, hierro, cobre y selenio, además de indicadores del estado nutricional de zinc, hierro, cobre y proteico visceral. Resultados: En ambos grupos se produjo una reducción significativa del peso al sexto mes postoperatorio (-38,9 ± 16,4%). Las pacientes del grupo 1 presentaron una ingesta significativamente mayor de zinc (20,6 ± 8,1 contra 17,1 ± 7,7 mg/d) y de hierro (39,7 ± 35,9 contra 23,8± 21,3 mg/d.), y un menor compromiso del estado nutricional de zinc y hierro que el grupo 2, pero las pacientes del grupo 2 presentaron un menor compromiso del estado nutricional de cobre. No hubo diferencias en las concentraciones plasmáticas de albúmina. Conclusiones: Las pacientes que presentan una menor caída del pelo hasta el sexto mes postoperatorio tienen una mayor ingesta de zinc y hierro, y un menor compromiso del estado nutricional de ambos minerales (AU)

Introduction: Bariatric surgery leads to a significant body weigh reduction although it is associated to a higher risk of presenting some nutritional deficiencies. A common complication, little studied and mainly related to zinc deficiency is alopecia. Objectives: To compare the nutritional status of zinc, iron, copper, selenium and protein-visceral in women with different degrees of hair loss at 6 months after gastric bypass or tubular gastrectomy. Methods: The patients were categorized into two groups according to the degree of hair loss: group 1 or mild loss (n = 42) and group 2 or severe hair loss (n = 45).Zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, as well as the indicators of the nutritional status of zinc, iron, copper, and proteinvisceral were assessed before and after 6 months of the surgery. Results: In both groups there was a significant bodyweight reduction at 6 months post-surgery (-38.9% ±16.4%). Patients in group 1 presented a significantly higher intake of zinc (20.6 ± 8.1 vs. 17.1 ± 7.7 mg/d) andiron (39.7 ± 35.9 vs. 23.8 ± 21.3 mg/d.), and lower compromise in the nutritional status of zinc and iron than group 2. However, patients in group 2 had lower compromise in the nutritional status of copper. There were no differences regarding the plasma concentrations of albumin. Conclusions: The patients having lower hair loss at six months after surgery had higher zinc and iron intake and lower compromise of the nutritional status of bothminerals (AU)

[Alopecia in women with severe and morbid obesity who undergo bariatric surgery]. / Alopecia en mujeres con obesidad severa y mórbida sometidas a cirugía bariátrica.

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery leads to a significant body weigh reduction although it is associated to a higher risk of presenting some nutritional deficiencies. A common complication, little studied and mainly related to zinc deficiency is alopecia. OBJECTIVES: To compare the nutritional status of zinc, iron, copper, selenium and protein-visceral in women with different degrees of hair loss at 6 months after gastric bypass or tubular gastrectomy. METHODS: The patients were categorized into two groups according to the degree of hair loss: group 1 or mild loss (n = 42) and group 2 or severe hair loss (n = 45). Zinc, iron, copper, and selenium, as well as the indicators of the nutritional status of zinc, iron, copper, and proteinvisceral were assessed before and after 6 months of the surgery. RESULTS: In both groups there was a significant body weight reduction at 6 months post-surgery (-38.9% ± 16.4%). Patients in group 1 presented a significantly higher intake of zinc (20.6 ± 8.1 vs. 17.1 ± 7.7 mg/d) and iron (39.7 ± 35.9 vs. 23.8 ± 21.3 mg/d.), and lower compromise in the nutritional status of zinc and iron than group 2. However, patients in group 2 had lower compromise in the nutritional status of copper. There were no differences regarding the plasma concentrations of albumin. CONCLUSIONS: The patients having lower hair loss at six months after surgery had higher zinc and iron intake and lower compromise of the nutritional status of both minerals.