ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Microdeletions are known to confer risk to epilepsy, particularly at genomic rearrangement 'hotspot' loci. However, microdeletion burden not overlapping these regions or within different epilepsy subtypes has not been ascertained. OBJECTIVE: To decipher the role of microdeletions outside hotspots loci and risk assessment by epilepsy subtype. METHODS: We assessed the burden, frequency and genomic content of rare, large microdeletions found in a previously published cohort of 1366 patients with genetic generalised epilepsy (GGE) in addition to two sets of additional unpublished genome-wide microdeletions found in 281 patients with rolandic epilepsy (RE) and 807 patients with adult focal epilepsy (AFE), totalling 2454 cases. Microdeletions were assessed in a combined and subtype-specific approaches against 6746 controls. RESULTS: When hotspots are considered, we detected an enrichment of microdeletions in the combined epilepsy analysis (adjusted p=1.06×10-6,OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.51 to 2.35). Epilepsy subtype-specific analyses showed that hotspot microdeletions in the GGE subgroup contribute most of the overall signal (adjusted p=9.79×10-12, OR 7.45, 95% CI 4.20-13.5). Outside hotspots , microdeletions were enriched in the GGE cohort for neurodevelopmental genes (adjusted p=9.13×10-3,OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.62-4.94). No additional signal was observed for RE and AFE. Still, gene-content analysis identified known (NRXN1, RBFOX1 and PCDH7) and novel (LOC102723362) candidate genes across epilepsy subtypes that were not deleted in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a heterogeneous effect of recurrent and non-recurrent microdeletions as part of the genetic architecture of GGE and a minor contribution in the aetiology of RE and AFE.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Deletion , Epilepsies, Partial/genetics , Epilepsy, Generalized/genetics , Epilepsy, Rolandic/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Cohort Studies , DNA Copy Number Variations , Gene Expression , Genetic Association Studies , HumansABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: Displasia cortical focal é uma das formas mais frequentes de malformações do desenvolvimento cortical, estando intimamente relacionada com epilepsia de difícil controle em crianças e adultos. Caracterizam-se por alterações histológicas, imaginológicas e eletrofisiológicas peculiares. OBJETIVO: Fazer uma revisão sucinta dos principais aspectos imaginológicos, histológicos e neurofisiológicos das displasias corticais focais. MÉTODOS: Revisão bibliografia. CONCLUSÃO: As displasias corticais focais têm características clínicas peculiares, A prevalência de epilepsia refrataria entre pacientes com displasia cortical focal é bastante elevada. A RM de crânio apresenta alterações distintas a doença, podendo em muitos casos ser normal e se correlaciona com os achados histológicos. Descargas contínuas e surtos paroxísticos de alta frequência são altamente sugestivos de epilepsia devido à displasia cortical focal.
INTRODUCTION: Focal cortical dysplasia is one of the most common ways of malformation of the cortical development where they are intimate related among hard control epilepsy on children and adults. It's characterized by peculiar histological, imaginological and electrophysiological amendment. PURPOSE: To make a succinct review of the main aspects of imaginological, histological and neurophysiologic focal cortical dysplasias. METHOD: Bibliographic review. CONCLUSION: The focal cortical dysplasias have peculiar clinical features. The prevalence of refractory epilepsy among focal cortical dysplasia patients is highly elevated. The skull magnetic resonance image (MRI) presents specific amendments to the disease that could be normal in many cases and correlates with histological results. Continuous discharges and high frequency paroxistic bursts are highly pointed as epilepsy due the Focal cortical dysplasia.