Attachment security, environmental adversity, and fast life history behavioral profiles in human adolescents.

One species-general life history (LH) principle posits that challenging childhood environments are coupled with a fast or faster LH strategy and associated behaviors, while secure and stable childhood environments foster behaviors conducive to a slow or slower LH strategy. This coupling between environments and LH strategies is based on the assumption that individuals' internal traits and states are independent of their external surroundings. In reality, individuals respond to external environmental conditions in alignment with their intrinsic vitality, encompassing both physical and mental states. The present study investigated attachment as an internal mental state, examining its role in mediating and moderating the association between external environmental adversity and fast LH strategies. A sample of 1169 adolescents (51% girls) from 9 countries was tracked over 10 years, starting from age 8. The results confirm both mediation and moderation and, for moderation, secure attachment nullified and insecure attachment maintained the environment-LH coupling. These findings suggest that attachment could act as an internal regulator, disrupting the contingent coupling between environmental adversity and a faster pace of life, consequently decelerating human LH.

Instance-Specific Loss-Weighted Decoding for Decomposition-Based Multiclass Classification.

Multiclass classification problems are often addressed by decomposing them into a set of binary classification tasks. A critical step in this approach is the effective aggregation of predictions from each decomposed binary classifier to yield the final multiclass prediction, a process known as decoding. Existing studies have ignored the varying generalization ability of each binary classifier across different samples during decoding, potentially leading to suboptimal performance. In this article, we propose an instance-specific loss-weighted (ILW) decoding strategy that gauges the generalization ability of each binary classifier for one specific sample based on its neighboring samples. This estimated generalization ability is then used to adjust the importance of the binary classifier in determining the sample's final prediction. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the ILW decoding strategy. Furthermore, we demonstrate that softmax regression can be reinterpreted as a one-versus-rest (OvR) decomposition-based multiclass classification algorithm, enabling the application of our decoding strategy to enhance its performance. Comparative studies clearly demonstrate the superiority of the improved softmax regression over its traditional counterpart.

Analysis and comparison of retinal vascular parameters under different glucose metabolic status based on deep learning.

AIM: To develop a deep learning-based model for automatic retinal vascular segmentation, analyzing and comparing parameters under diverse glucose metabolic status (normal, prediabetes, diabetes) and to assess the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in image segmentation and retinal vascular parameters for predicting prediabetes and diabetes. METHODS: Retinal fundus photos from 200 normal individuals, 200 prediabetic patients, and 200 diabetic patients (600 eyes in total) were used. The U-Net network served as the foundational architecture for retinal artery-vein segmentation. An automatic segmentation and evaluation system for retinal vascular parameters was trained, encompassing 26 parameters. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in retinal vascular parameters across normal, prediabetes, and diabetes groups, including artery diameter (P=0.008), fractal dimension (P=0.000), vein curvature (P=0.003), C-zone artery branching vessel count (P=0.049), C-zone vein branching vessel count (P=0.041), artery branching angle (P=0.005), vein branching angle (P=0.001), artery angle asymmetry degree (P=0.003), vessel length density (P=0.000), and vessel area density (P=0.000), totaling 10 parameters. CONCLUSION: The deep learning-based model facilitates retinal vascular parameter identification and quantification, revealing significant differences. These parameters exhibit potential as biomarkers for prediabetes and diabetes.

A natural language processing system for the efficient extraction of cell markers.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has emerged as a pivotal tool for exploring cellular landscapes across diverse species and tissues. Precise annotation of cell types is essential for understanding these landscapes, relying heavily on empirical knowledge and curated cell marker databases. In this study, we introduce MarkerGeneBERT, a natural language processing (NLP) system designed to extract critical information from the literature regarding species, tissues, cell types, and cell marker genes in the context of single-cell sequencing studies. Leveraging MarkerGeneBERT, we systematically parsed full-text articles from 3702 single-cell sequencing-related studies, yielding a comprehensive collection of 7901 cell markers representing 1606 cell types across 425 human tissues/subtissues, and 8223 cell markers representing 1674 cell types across 482 mouse tissues/subtissues. Comparative analysis against manually curated databases demonstrated that our approach achieved 76% completeness and 75% accuracy, while also unveiling 89 cell types and 183 marker genes absent from existing databases. Furthermore, we successfully applied the compiled brain tissue marker gene list from MarkerGeneBERT to annotate scRNA-seq data, yielding results consistent with original studies. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the efficacy of NLP-based methods in expediting and augmenting the annotation and interpretation of scRNA-seq data, providing a systematic demonstration of the transformative potential of this approach. The 27323 manual reviewed sentences for training MarkerGeneBERT and the source code are hosted at https://github.com/chengpeng1116/MarkerGeneBERT .

TMEM100 acts as a TAK1 receptor that prevents pathological cardiac hypertrophy progression.

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is the primary cause of heart failure, yet its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) plays a role in various disorders, such as nervous system disease, pain and tumorigenesis, but its function in pathological cardiac hypertrophy is still unknown. In this study, we observed that TMEM100 is upregulated in cardiac hypertrophy. Functional investigations have shown that adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9) mediated-TMEM100 overexpression mice attenuates transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac hypertrophy, including cardiomyocyte enlargement, cardiac fibrosis, and impaired heart structure and function. We subsequently demonstrated that adenoviral TMEM100 (AdTMEM100) mitigates phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and downregulates the expression of cardiac hypertrophic markers in vitro, whereas TMEM100 knockdown exacerbates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The RNA sequences of the AdTMEM100 group and control group revealed that TMEM100 was involved in oxidative stress and the MAPK signaling pathway after PE stimulation. Mechanistically, we revealed that the transmembrane domain of TMEM100 (amino acids 53-75 and 85-107) directly interacts with the C-terminal region of TAK1 (amino acids 1-300) and inhibits the phosphorylation of TAK1 and its downstream molecules JNK and p38. TAK1-binding-defective TMEM100 failed to inhibit the activation of the TAK1-JNK/p38 pathway. Finally, the application of a TAK1 inhibitor (iTAK1) revealed that TAK1 is necessary for TMEM100-mediated cardiac hypertrophy. In summary, TMEM100 protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy through the TAK1-JNK/p38 pathway and may serve as a promising target for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.

From fractional quantum anomalous Hall smectics to polar smectic metals: nontrivial interplay between electronic liquid crystal order and topological order in correlated topological flat bands.

Symmetry-breaking orders can not only compete with each other, but also be intertwined, and the intertwined topological and symmetry-breaking orders make the situation more intriguing. This work examines the archetypal correlated flat band model on a checkerboard lattice at fillingν=2/3and we find that the unique interplay between smectic charge order and topological order gives rise to two novel quantum states. As the interaction strength increases, the system first transitions from a Fermi liquid (FL) into FQAH smectic (FQAHS) state, where the topological order coexists cooperatively with smectic charge order with enlarged ground-state degeneracy and interestingly, the Hall conductivity isσxy=ν=2/3, different from the band-folding or doping scenarios. Further increasing the interaction strength, the system undergoes another quantum phase transition and evolves into a polar smectic metal (PSM) state. This emergent PSM is an anisotropic non-Fermi liquid, whose interstripe tunneling is irrelevant while it is metallic inside each stripe. Different from the FQAHS and conventional smectic orders, this PSM spontaneously breaks the two-fold rotational symmetry, resulting in a nonzero electric dipole moment and ferroelectric order. In addition to the exotic ground states, large-scale numerical simulations are also used to study low-energy excitations and thermodynamic characteristics. We find that the onset temperature of the incompressible FQAHS state, which also coincides with the onset of non-polar smectic order, is dictated by the magneto-roton modes. Above this onset temperature, the PSM state exists at an intermediate-temperature regime. Although theT = 0 quantum phase transition between PSM and FQAHS is first order, the thermal FQAHS-PSM transition could be continuous. We expect the features of the exotic states and thermal phase transitions could be accessed in future experiments.

Genomic and Metagenomic Insights into the Distribution of Nicotine-degrading Enzymes in Human Microbiota.

Introduction: Nicotine degradation is a new strategy to block nicotine-induced pathology. The potential of human microbiota to degrade nicotine has not been explored. Aims: This study aimed to uncover the genomic potentials of human microbiota to degrade nicotine. Methods: To address this issue, we performed a systematic annotation of Nicotine-Degrading Enzymes (NDEs) from genomes and metagenomes of human microbiota. A total of 26,295 genomes and 1,596 metagenomes for human microbiota were downloaded from public databases and five types of NDEs were annotated with a custom pipeline. We found 959 NdhB, 785 NdhL, 987 NicX, three NicA1, and three NicA2 homologs. Results: Genomic classification revealed that six phylum-level taxa, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Firmicutes_A, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexota, can produce NDEs, with Proteobacteria encoding all five types of NDEs studied. Analysis of NicX prevalence revealed differences among body sites. NicX homologs were found in gut and oral samples with a high prevalence but not found in lung samples. NicX was found in samples from both smokers and non-smokers, though the prevalence might be different. Conclusion: This study represents the first systematic investigation of NDEs from the human microbiota, providing new insights into the physiology and ecological functions of human microbiota and shedding new light on the development of nicotine-degrading probiotics for the treatment of smoking-related diseases.

Vonoprazan and amoxicillin dual therapy for 14 days as the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: A non-inferiority, randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: We previously optimized the duration and dose of vonoprazan and amoxicillin dual therapy in China. The efficacy of vonoprazan with b.i.d. amoxicillin in comparison with vonoprazan-containing quadruple therapy as the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection has not been adequately evaluated. METHODS: In a non-inferiority, randomized clinical trial, H. pylori infected and treatment-naïve patients were randomly assigned to receive 14 days of either vonoprazan dual (vonoprazan 20 mg and amoxicillin 1 g twice daily) or quadruple therapy (vonoprazan 20 mg + amoxicillin 1 g + furazolidone 100 mg + bismuth potassium citrate 600 mg twice daily). H. pylori status was confirmed using 13C-urea breath tests or fecal antigen test. The primary outcome was the H. pylori eradication rate following vonoprazan dual and quadruple therapy at 4-12 weeks. We also compared drug compliance to either regimen and documented their side effect. RESULTS: A total of 190 subjects were randomized. The eradication rate of vonoprazan dual and quadruple therapy were 87.4% and 92.6% (p = 0.23) by intention-to-treat analysis, respectively, and 96.5% and 97.7% (p = 0.63) by per-protocol analysis, respectively. The efficacy of vonoprazan dual therapy was non-inferior to vonoprazan-containing quadruple therapy in per-protocol analysis (p < 0.001; difference: -1.2%; 90% confidence interval: -5.4% to 3.0%). CONCLUSION: Vonoprazan with b.i.d. amoxicillin for 14 days provided similar satisfactory efficacy with vonoprazan-containing quadruple therapy as a first-line H. pylori treatment in China.

Evaluation of the efficacy of chlorhexidine-alcohol vs. aqueous/alcoholic iodine solutions for the prevention of surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the prevailing complication that occurs after surgery and significantly escalates healthcare expenses. Published meta-analyses and international standards vary in their recommendations for the most effective preoperative skin antiseptic solution and concentration. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effectiveness of Chlorhexidine-alcohol compared to Aqueous/alcoholic iodine solutions in preventing post-operative surgical site infections. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) to select publications published in peer-reviewed journals. The risk ratio (RR) was calculated, along with their 95% confidence intervals. We assessed heterogeneity using Cochrane Q and I2 statistics and the appropriate P-value. The analysis used RevMan 5.4. RESULTS: The current meta-analysis includes 14 Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing either 2-2.5% chlorhexidine alcohol with aqueous/alcoholic iodine. It was demonstrated that the CAG-using group had an overall lower incidence of post-operative surgical site infections compared to the iodine-using group (RR=0.30, 95% CI=0.20 to 0.46, I2=95%, P<0.00001). It exhibits comparable efficacy across various surgical procedures, as evidenced by its RR of 0.25 [95% CI 0.15 to 0.41], I2=51%, and P<0.0001 for general surgery, RR=0.47 [95% CI 0.32 to 0.67], I2=82%, P=0.0002 for caesarean section and RR of 0.47 [95% CI 0.34 to 0.65], I2=76% and P<0.00001 for additional surgical procedures, including neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery etc. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests using either 2·0-2·5% Chlorhexidine in alcohol instead of aqueous, alcoholic iodine to prevent SSIs in adult patients undergoing surgery. Chlorhexidine in alcohol worked effectively for general surgery, cesarean sections, and other surgeries. Thus, preoperative skin cleansing with Chlorhexidine alcohol minimizes postoperative SSIs and bacterial colonization in diverse procedures.

Complete genome sequence of the 4-hydroxybenzoate-degrading bacterium Gymnodinialimonas sp. 57CJ19, a potential novel species from intertidal sediments.

A bacterium Gymnodinialimonas sp. 57CJ19, was isolated from the intertidal sediments of Aoshan Bay, and further assays showed that it has the ability to degrade the antibacterial preservative 4-hydroxybenzoate. The complete genome sequence was sequenced, and phylogenomic analyses indicated that strain 57CJ19 represents a potential novel species in the genus Gymnodinialimonas (family Rhodobacteraceae). Its genome contains a 3,861,607-bp circular chromosome with 61.25% G + C content. Gene prediction revealed 3716 protein-encoding genes, 41 tRNA genes, 3 rrn operons, and 3 non-coding RNA genes. Functional annotation revealed a complete metabolic pathway for 4-hydroxybenzoate. The genome sequence of strain 57CJ19 provides new insights into the potential and underlying genomic basis of aromatic compound pollutant degradation by marine bacteria.

The feasibility of targeted axillary dissection for breast cancer axillary surgery de-escalation after neoadjuvant therapy: A prospective cohort study.

PURPOSE: Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) after neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) includes removing of marked and sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). The aim was to investigate the optimization of TAD localization techniques after NAT among breast cancer patients. METHODS: From November 2020 to 2022, we prospectively enrolled 107 lymph node-positive breast cancer patients in XX Hospital and received complete cycles of NAT. Patients were randomly divided into the following 3 groups before treatment: group A, marked node with clip (n=34); group B, marked node with 125I seed (n=32); and group C, marked node with clip and 125I seed (n=41). Dual tracers were used to search for SLNs after NAT. The main endpoint was the detection rate of marked nodes and false-negative rate (FNR). RESULTS: The detection rates using the TAD localization technique were 82.6% (28/34), 100% (32/32), and 100% (41/41) for groups A, B, and C, respectively (P>0.05). The FNR rates were 15.8%, 5.9%, and 5.6% among group A, B, and C, respectively (P>0.05). The FNR rates in cN1 patients were 5.1%, 2.7%, and 2.6%, among these three groups, respectively (P>0.05). The change in distance between 125I seeds and clips in axillary lymph nodes was <3 mm. The FNR rates of TAD guided by dye tracer, radiolabeled tracer, and dual tracers were 5.4%, 5.2%, and 3.4%, respectively (P>0.05). The negative predictive values were 93.0%, 93.0%, and 95.2%, respectively (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Considering inexpensive and detect rate of 125I seeds, it is recommended that placement of 125I seeds to localize metastatic nodes in neoadjuvant setting. The TAD guided by dye tracer is also feasible for axillary de-escalation surgery after NAT in countries or regions without radiolabeled colloid.

Nomograms to predict the long-term prognosis for non-metastatic invasive lobular breast carcinoma: a population-based study.

Invasive lobular breast carcinoma (ILC) is one potential subset that "clinicopathologic features" can conflict with "long-term outcome" and the optimal management strategy is unknown in such discordant situations. The present study aims to predict the long-term, overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of ILC. The clinical information of patients with non-metastatic ILC was retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 2004 and 2020. A total of 31451 patients were enrolled and divided into the training cohort (n=22,017) and validation cohort (n=9434). The last follow-up was December, 31, 2020 and the median follow-up period was 99 months (1-203). Age, marriage, estrogen (ER) status, progesterone (PR) status, grade, tumor size, lymph node ratio (LNR) and combined summary (CS) stage were prognostic factors for both OS and CSS of ILC, whereas chemotherapy and radiation were independent protect factors for OS. The nomograms exhibited satisfactory discriminative ability. For the training and validation cohorts, the C-index of the OS nomogram was 0.765 (95% CI 0.762-0.768) and 0.757 (95% CI 0.747-0.767), and the C-index of the CSS nomogram were 0.812 (95% CI 0.804-0.820) and 0.813 (95% CI 0.799-0.827), respectively. Additionally, decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated that the nomograms had superior predictive performance than traditional American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM stage. The novel nomograms to predict long-term prognosis based on LNR are reliable tools to predict survival, which may assist clinicians in identifying high-risk patients and devising individual treatments for patients with ILC. Our findings should aid public health prevention strategies to reduce cancer burden. We provide two R/Shiny apps ( https://ilc-survival2024.shinyapps.io/osnomogram/ ; https://ilc-survival2024.shinyapps.io/cssnomogram/ ) to visualize findings.

A lightweight intelligent laryngeal cancer detection system for rural areas.

OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer (LC) is crucial, particularly in rural areas. Despite existing studies on deep learning models for LC identification, challenges remain in selecting suitable models for rural areas with shortages of laryngologists and limited computer resources. We present the intelligent laryngeal cancer detection system (ILCDS), a deep learning-based solution tailored for effective LC screening in resource-constrained rural areas. METHODS: We compiled a dataset comprised of 2023 laryngoscopic images and applied data augmentation techniques for dataset expansion. Subsequently, we utilized eight deep learning models-AlexNet, VGG, ResNet, DenseNet, MobileNet, ShuffleNet, Vision Transformer, and Swin Transformer-for LC identification. A comprehensive evaluation of their performances and efficiencies was conducted, and the most suitable model was selected to assemble the ILCDS. RESULTS: Regarding performance, all models attained an average accuracy exceeding 90 % on the test set. Particularly noteworthy are VGG, DenseNet, and MobileNet, which exceeded an accuracy of 95 %, with scores of 95.32 %, 95.75 %, and 95.99 %, respectively. Regarding efficiency, MobileNet excels owing to its compact size and fast inference speed, making it an ideal model for integration into ILCDS. CONCLUSION: The ILCDS demonstrated promising accuracy in LC detection while maintaining modest computational resource requirements, indicating its potential to enhance LC screening accuracy and alleviate the workload on otolaryngologists in rural areas.

Hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: A global public health threat.

The evolution of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae can be categorized into three main patterns: the evolution of KL1/KL2-hvKp strains into CR-hvKp, the evolution of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKp) strains into hv-CRKp, and the acquisition of hybrid plasmids carrying carbapenem resistance and virulence genes by classical K. pneumoniae (cKp). These strains are characterized by multi-drug resistance, high virulence, and high infectivity. Currently, there are no effective methods for treating and surveillance this pathogen. In addition, the continuous horizontal transfer and clonal spread of these bacteria under the pressure of hospital antibiotics have led to the emergence of more drug-resistant strains. This review discusses the evolution and distribution characteristics of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae, the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance and hypervirulence, risk factors for susceptibility, infection syndromes, treatment regimens, real-time surveillance and preventive control measures. It also outlines the resistance mechanisms of antimicrobial drugs used to treat this pathogen, providing insights for developing new drugs, combination therapies, and a "One Health" approach. Narrowing the scope of surveillance but intensifying implementation efforts is a viable solution. Monitoring of strains can be focused primarily on hospitals and urban wastewater treatment plants.

Development and validation of a preoperative radiomics-based nomogram to identify patients who can benefit from splenic hilar lymphadenectomy: a pooled analysis of three prospective trials.

BACKGROUND: The authors aimed to use preoperative computed tomography images to develop a radiomic nomogram to select patients who would benefit from spleen-preserving splenic hilar (No.10) lymphadenectomy (SPSHL). METHODS: A pooled analysis of three distinct prospective studies was performed. The splenic hilar lymph node (SHLN) ratio (sLNR) was established as the quotient of the number of metastatic SHLN to the total number of SHLN. Radiomic features reflecting the phenotypes of the primary tumor (RS1) and SHLN region (RS2) were extracted and used as predictive factors for sLNR. RESULTS: This study included 733 patients: 301 in the D2 group and 432 in the D2+No.10 group. The optimal sLNR cutoff value was set at 0.4, and the D2+No.10 group was divided into three groups: sLNR=0, sLNR ≤0.4, and sLNR >0.4. Patients in the D2+No. 10 group were randomly divided into the training ( n =302) and validation ( n =130) cohorts. The AUCs value of the nomogram, including RS1 and RS2, were 0.952 in the training cohort and 0.888 in the validation cohort. The entire cohort was divided into three groups based on the nomogram scores: low, moderate, and high SHLN metastasis burden groups (LMB, MMB, and HMB, respectively). A similar 5-year OS rate was found between the D2 and D2+No. 10 groups in the LMB and HMB groups. In the MMB group, the 5-year OS of the D2+No. 10 group (73.4%) was significantly higher than that of the D2 group (37.6%) ( P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The nomogram showed good predictive ability for distinguishing patients with various SHLN metastasis burdens. It can accurately identify patients who would benefit from SPSHL.

[Research progress on biological characteristics and propagation technology of Atractylodes lancea].

Atractylodes lancea is a perennial herb of the Asteraceae family and is one of the well-known traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). Several studies have documented polyene alkyne and sesquiterpenoid compounds as the main bioactive compounds of A. lancea, especially atractylodin, atractylon, ß-eudesmol, and hinesol in its rhizomes, which possess anti-virus, anti-inflammation, hypoglycemic, anti-hypoxia, liver protection, and diuresis activities. In parallel with the recent advancements in biotechnology, important achievements have been made in the study of biological characteristics and propagation technology of A. lancea. This study reviews the research progress on morphological features, cytogenetics, ecological planting, effective ingredients, and tissue culture techniques of A. lancea from the biology perspective, so as to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable development of A. lancea resources.

[Effect of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and quality of Epimedium pubescens].

To investigate the effects of different ratios of organic and chemical fertilizers on the yield and quality of Epimedium pubescens,so as to provide a scientific basis for the fertilization of high-yield and high-quality E. pubescens cultivation. In this experiment,a field plot test was conducted,and CK(without fertilizer) was set as the control group,with five treatment groups with different ratios of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers set up,namely OF0(100% chemical fertilizers),OF25(25% organic fertilizers),OF50(50% organic fertilizers),OF75(75% organic fertilizers),and OF100(100% organic fertilizers). The effects of different fertilization patterns on the agronomic traits,yield,effective component content,nutrient accumulation,and soil physicochemical properties of E. pubescens were determined,and the yield and quality of the medicinal herb were comprehensively evaluated by using the CRITIC weights method. It was found that the herb yield of each treatment group was significantly increased compared with the CK group,although the yield of the groups with both organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer was slightly lower than that of OF0. However,there was no significant difference,which indicated that the organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer could ensure the herb yield. With the increase in organic fertilizer ratios,the medicinal components epimedin A,epimedin B,and epimedin C showed a tendency of first increasing and then decreasing,with the highest content in the OF25,while icariin showed a rising trend,with the best in the OF100. However,overall,the total flavonol glycosides ABCI accumulated the most in the OF25. The results of the CRITIC method showed that the top three fertilization treatments in terms of the comprehensive scores of the medicinal herb were OF25,OF50,and OF75. Organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer is conducive to improving the soil's fertilizer holding and supply capacity,and the soil indexes are optimal in OF100. The soil enzyme activity is the highest in OF75. Meanwhile,organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer can help the plant's uptake and accumulation of nutrients,and OF25 shows the most obvious effect.By comprehensively considering the influence of different ratios of organic and chemical fertilizers on the yield,effective component content,nutrient accumulation,and other indexes of E. pubescens,it is recommended that a 25% ratio(7 500 kg·hm~(-2)) of organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers should be used in E. pubescens production in the first year,so as to promote the E. pubescens industry to increase yield and improve quality.

Dose-response relationship between physical activity and frailty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Frailty is a significant public health issue facing aging societies and can be reduced by physical activity (PA), but the dose-response relationship between PA and frailty is not clear. This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of PA on frailty in adults by aggregating data from observational studies. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, SAGE Reference Online, SinoMed, CINAHL and CNKI were retrieved for articles published before May 2024. After quality evaluation, data on PA and the risk of frailty were extracted. Stata/MP 17.0 was used for dose-response meta-analysis. Results: A total of 15 articles were included, involving 34,754 participants, including 4250 subjects with frailty or pre-frailty. The consequence of the dose-response meta-analysis revealed that compared with those who were not active at all, a 22 % (95 % CI, 16 %-28 %) reduction in the risk of frailty in individuals with 11.25 MET h/week of cumulative activity and a 55 % (95 % CI, 44 %-63 %) reduction in the risk of frailty in those with 22.5 MET h/week of cumulative activity; for higher activity levels (36.75 MET h/week), the risk of frailty was reduced by 68 % (95 % CI, 58 %-76 %) and continued to be reduced as PA volum increased. Conclusions: There is a non-linear dose-response relationship between PA and frailty risk. Even small amounts of PA could reduce the risk of frailty. Meeting the minimum recommended PA target could reduce some risks, and doubling the recommended PA volumes could reduce most risks, which continue to increase as the volum of PA accumulates.

Ultrahigh Energy Storage Performance of BiFeO3-BaTiO3 Flexible Film Capacitor with High-Temperature Stability via Defect Design.

Nanoengineering polar oxide films have attracted great attention in energy storage due to their high energy density. However, most of them are deposited on thick and rigid substrates, which is not conducive to the integration of capacitors and applications in flexible electronics. Here, an alternative strategy using van der Waals epitaxial oxide dielectrics on ultra-thin flexible mica substrates is developed and increased the disorder within the system through high laser flux. The introduction of defects can efficiently weaken or destroy the long-range ferroelectric ordering, ultimately leading to the emergence of a large numbers of weak-coupling regions. Such polarization configuration ensures fast polarization response and significantly improves energy storage characteristics. A flexible BiFeO3-BaTiO3 (BF-BT) capacitor exhibits a total energy density of 43.5 J cm-3 and an efficiency of 66.7% and maintains good energy storage performance over a wide temperature range (20-200 °C) and under large bending deformation (bending radii ≈ 2 mm). This study provides a feasible approach to improve the energy storage characteristics of dielectric oxide films and paves the way for their practical application in high-energy density capacitors.

Phases of (2+1)D SO(5) Nonlinear Sigma Model with a Topological Term on a Sphere: Multicritical Point and Disorder Phase.

Novel critical phenomena beyond the Landau-Ginzburg-Wilson paradigm have been long sought after. Among many candidate scenarios, the deconfined quantum critical point (DQCP) constitutes the most fascinating one, and its lattice model realization has been debated over the past two decades. Here we apply the spherical Landau level regularization upon the exact (2+1)D SO(5) nonlinear sigma model with a topological term to study the potential DQCP therein. We perform a density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulation with SU(2)_{spin}×U(1)_{charge}×U(1)_{angular-momentum} symmetries explicitly implemented. Using crossing point analysis for the critical properties of the DMRG data, accompanied by quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we accurately obtain the comprehensive phase diagram of the model and find various novel quantum phases, including Néel, ferromagnet (FM), valence bond solid (VBS), valley polarized (VP) states and a gapless quantum disordered phase occupying an extended area of the phase diagram. The VBS-disorder and Néel-disorder transitions are continuous with non-Wilson-Fisher exponents. Our results show the VBS and Néel states are separated by either a weakly first-order transition or the disordered region with a multicritical point in between, thus opening up more interesting questions on the two-decade long debate on the nature of the DQCP.