Interspecific differences in the bioaccumulation of arsenic of three Patagonian top predator fish: Organ distribution and arsenic speciation.

Interspecific differences in arsenic bioaccumulation and organ distribution (muscle, liver, kidney and gills) in three predator fish (creole perch, rainbow trout and brown trout) from a Patagonian lake impacted by volcanic eruptions were studied. Arsenic in fish organs were compared analyzing: 1) temporal (before and after volcanic eruption) and spatial (near and far from the volcano) influence of Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex activity on arsenic concentrations; 2) the influence of growth (as total length), organ type and their interactions over arsenic accumulation; and 3) arsenic speciation and total arsenic relationship with carbon to nitrogen ratios (C:N), as a proxy of lipid presence, in fish muscle. In general, total arsenic concentrations in creole perch organs were 2-7 times higher than those recorded in the corresponding organs of salmonids. Arsenic was preferentially accumulated in liver and kidney in the three fish species. The influence of the volcanic activity over arsenic concentrations was more evident in creole perch: organs from creole perch captured closest to the volcano exhibited higher arsenic concentrations. Temporal variations were not so consistent. No clear relationship between arsenic and fish length was observed. Positive and linear relationship between arsenic in all pair of organs was found in creole perch, while rainbow trout showed a quadratic relationship between muscle and the remaining organs, indicating different arsenic assimilation-elimination relationships between organs and fish. The arsenic liver:muscle ratio in the three fish species was greater than 1, suggesting some level of arsenic stress. Arsenobetaine (AB) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were the dominant arsenic species in muscle of these fish, having creole perch 3-4 times higher AB than rainbow trout. A positive relationship between C:N ratio and total arsenic concentrations was found, with higher C:N in creole perchs near the volcano. In terms of food safety, no inorganic arsenic compound were detected, therefore arsenic levels in fish from Lake Nahuel Huapi does not represent any health risk to consumers.

[Recurrence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions following hysterectomy]. / Recurrencia de la lesión intraepitelial escamosa de alto grado posterior a histerectomía.

UNLABELLED: The abdominal histerectomy has been used during several years as a definitive treatment for the high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of the cervix, because it is associated with a high index cure, with 1% to 15% of relapses as neoplastic lesions in the vaginal stump or isolated lesions. The object of this study is to evaluate the extrafascial abdominal histerectomy as an effective and definitive therapeutitic method for the high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, with an annual colpocythologic follow up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the Gynecology Service from the Veracruz State Cancerology Center "Dr. Miguel Dorantes Mesa", of the Secretary of Health in Xalapa Veracruz, a retrospective, study was performed from 41 cases of histerectomy for high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, with a three year follow up, with the result of 7.3% of recurrence in the vagina stump. CONCLUSIONS: The extrafascial histerectomy as a definitive treatment for the cervical high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion decreases its efficacy while the stage of the lesion increases; the preoperative colposcopic evaluation helpful to determine the illness extension and discard similar lesions on vagina and vulva; five year follow up with annual cytology is mandatory.

[Intestinal obstruction caused by ascaris in pregnancy. Report of a case]. / Obstrucción intestinal por áscaris y embarazo. Presentación de un caso.

A pregnant woman may be infected up to a 90% by intestine parasites, and it all depends on the geographical area associated to the environmental factors allowing this to be spread. The abdominal obstruction related to the pregnancy is rare due to the fact that it only happens in one out of 2,500-6,000 pregnancies. This occlusion, when given by Ascaris lumbricoides, is even more complicated due to the lack of medical literature reference, and thus being unable to make any comparisons. A 45-year old pregnant woman, with several births and multi-pregnancies presenting an acute abdomen by intestinal obstruction through out this helmint. She was pacticed an exploratory laparotomy with the evacuation of several ascaris throughout and enterostomy, and then during the 37th week, she gave birth by means of an eutocic labor work to a healthy female product weighting 2.825 kgs. The anatomopathology study of the placenta shows no alterations. The nosology of the intestinal obstruction by ascariasis during the pregnancy, and out of it, are very similar and could only be affected by late diagnosis of the pregnant woman due to anatomical and physiological changes, increasing the mother's and the fetus morbi-mortality. In Mexico, there are endemic areas where it would be convenient to identify the characteristical eggs in the mother's stool due to the fact that if an advanced pathology is not put in place, it does produce states of maternal malnutrition, anaemia, abdominal pain and low weigh product at the moments of its birth.

[Gynecologic surgery in geriatric patients]. / Cirugía ginecológica en la paciente geriátrica.

UNLABELLED: To establish a precise definition for the geriatric patient, results difficult, since the age limits change constantly and arbitrary way, but given that women are living longer, supposedly the rate of gynecologic surgery is increasing. OBJECTIVE: To inform the experience obteined in our service, from geriatric patients, with surgical intervention, and compare the results with published articles from other national gynecology services. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the gynecology service of Specialties Hospital "Dr. Miguel Dorantes Mesa" from the S.S., in Xalapa Veracruz, México, a retrospective study was performed, from 76 cases of patients with gynecologic surgery. The research variables were: 60 years old or older, personal pathologic data, gynecologic and obstetrics, occupation, preoperative diagnosis, type of intervention, anatomopathologic diagnosis, anesthesia employed, complications during of after surgery, days in the hospital, hemoglobin and hematocrit. RESULTS: Most of the patients were 65 to 70 years old, 100% housewives, pelvic statics alterations were present in most cases (53.9%), followed by pre-malignant and malignant diseases of the cervix, the abdominal hysterectomy was indicated in 29 cases, 65.7% had personal pathologic data, the anatomopathologic study confirmed 85% of the cases, days-hospital average was 5.8. CONCLUSION: Survivorship does not depend by type of surgery or age, if not to concomitant illness.

[Abdominal hysterectomy at the Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Miguel Dorantes Mesa, S.S. A report on 140 cases]. / La histerectomía abdominal en el Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Miguel Dorantes Mesa, S.S. Informe de 140 casos.

Results from a study involving 140 hysterectomies performed at the "Miguel Dorantes Mesa" Hospital S.S. of Xalapa, Veracruz, between 1990 and 1992, are presented. The variables considered in the study were age, gyneco-obstetric history, pre-operatory indication, associated surgery, anatomopathology diagnosis and its correlation with the pre-operatory diagnosis, operatory technique, associated surgery, size of the uterus, type of endometrium of the quirurgic piece and complications in the immediate and late transoperatory. The results obtained here were also compared with some available from similar studies. The results showed that the main indication was due to pre-malign lesions, followed by benign neoplasias and only 4% due malign processes. The most frequent type of surgery was found to be the extrafascial hysterectomy with the salpingo-oophorectomy as associated surgery. The confirmation of the diagnosis by the anatomopathologic study was 76.1%. The most common type of complications encountered were two bladder lesions, and one of ureter; which were repaired during the transoperatory; two vesicovaginal and one ureterovaginal fistula. There was no mortality.