Frequency of glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies in Mexican diabetic children.

OBJECTIVE: Use radio binding assay (RBA) to quantify the frequency of autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase in Mexican children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: GAD antibodies were measured in 140 mestizo children with DM 1, 66 female (47.14%) and 74 male (52.8%); age 11.7 +/- 3.55 years, and range 1.10 to 18.5 years. Most patients were treated with intermediate acting insulin, and some with the former combined with regular insulin. Mean disease duration was 3.11 +/- 2.94 years, and range 1 month to 14.5 years. Once the signed written consent was obtained, a 5.0-mL blood sample was drawn, immediately centrifuged, and the serum was kept frozen to -20 degrees C until RBA evaluation was performed with a commercial kit. RESULTS: The anti-GAD was positive in 76 DM 1 patients (54.28%) with values from 1.11 to 156.73 U/mL, and negative in 64 (45.71%). In 19 positive anti-GAD patients, the test was repeated and levels were found between 1.38 and 156.62 U/mL. An initial control group consisting of 25 healthy non-related volunteers matched by sex and age, showed negative anti-GAD for all. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of anti-GAD in these patients was lower than that of the DM 1 European patients, but similar to that of Asians. This supports the heterogeneity of the etiopathogenic factors of DM 1 in different ethnic groups.

[Androgen-producing steroid cell ovarian tumor. Report of a case]. / Tumor ovárico de células esteroideas productor de andrógenos. Informe de caso.

UNLABELLED: Ovarian Tumors with Endocrine Repercussion make-up 5% of neoplasms in this gland, occupying the first place are the estrogen-producing tumors, in the second place are the androgen-producing tumors, progesterone, corticosteroids and renin are exceptional. In these tumors' nomenclature has existed a kind of synonyms that create confusion about their histogenesis and their difficult use in the literature. CASE REPORT: A 23 yr-old woman with opsomenorrhea of several years evolution, secondary amenorrhea, deep voice and progressive hirsutism. Weight: 98.500 kg. Height: 1.74 m. Body Mass Index (BMI): 32.61 (kg/m2). Vellus hair in the face (beard and moustache), android distribution in abdomen, forearms, thighs and legs (Ferriman score of 20), acne and bilateral breast involution. All paraclinic exams were negative. Human chorionic gonadotropin quantification in urine of 24 hours was negative. X-Ray: Right ovarian tumor was demonstrated with pelvic ultrasound and computerized axial tomography of abdomen. Cytogenetic study expressed 46 XX chromosomes. Presurgery endocrinologic studies were: total and free testosterone: 3.55 ng/mL and 14.30 pg/mL, respectively. Insulin: 43.3 microU/mL and C peptide: 5.7 ng/mL. The glucose tolerance test demonstrate intolerance to carbohydrates. During operation, the hormone levels in the right ovarian vein were: total and free testosterone of 2.70 ng/mL and 12.70 pg/mL respectively, which normalized after 12 hours of surgery. Other steroid hormones were normal. After six months of surgery the patient had Ferriman score of 10 and eumenorrhea. Weight: 98.100 kg, glucose tolerance test and basal hormone levels were normal. Electron Microscopy showed characteristic data of a steroid producing tumor without crystalloids of Reinke.

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix as primary single therapy in patients with advanced prostatic cancer and paraplegia due to metastatic invasion of spinal cord.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) antagonist cetrorelix (SB-75) in patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate and paraplegia due to metastatic invasion of spinal cord. METHODS: Cetrorelix was given at two different dose regimens to 5 patients with prostatic cancer Stage D2 and paraplegia. Urologic and neurologic examinations, laboratory studies, radiography (myelography), and prostate ultrasonography were carried out. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and free testosterone were also measured. RESULTS: In all patients, the neurologic symptoms regressed. The recovery of the thermic and vibratory sensation and motility of the toes was observed. The neurologic improvement continued during the treatment and at 3 months all the patients were able to walk with the aid of a cane. In 1 patient, the myelography showed that the spinal cord compression had disappeared and prostate volume assessed by ultrasonography showed a significant decrease. The bladder function greatly improved in all 5 patients during the treatment with cetrorelix. Baseline levels of luteinizing hormone fell from 9.28 to 1.0 IU/L and those of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) fell from 18.28 to 12 IU/L (P < 0.05) after the first day of therapy with cetrorelix. Mean levels of free testosterone were reduced from 52.4 to 14.7 pmol/L (P < 0.005) at 12 hours and to 13.1 pmol/L (P < 0.005) 3 days after the first injection of cetrorelix. A persistent inhibition of gonadotropins and testosterone was maintained during the subsequent 3 months of therapy. The high levels of PSA gradually decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that LH-RH antagonist cetrorelix causes an immediate lowering of the serum testosterone levels in patients with prostate cancer and metastases in the spinal cord, in whom the LH-RH agonists cannot be used as single drugs because of the possibility of flare-up and appears to be appropriate for long-term therapy.

Inhibition of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and sex-steroid levels in men and women with a potent antagonist analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, Cetrorelix (SB-75).

Cetrorelix (SB-75; [Ac-D-Nal(2)1, D-Phe(4Cl)2, D-Pal(3)3, D-Cit6, D-Ala10] luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)) is a new highly potent antagonist analog of LHRH containing the D-ureidoalkyl amino acid D-citrulline at position 6 and is free of allergenic effects. This study shows the inhibition of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) release in normal men, postmenopausal women and patients with gonadal dysgenesis, using different doses and i.m., s.c. and i.v. routes of administration of SB-75. The mean serum levels of LH and FSH in normal men who received one single dose of 300 micrograms of SB-75 sc started to decline rapidly 1 h after its administration; the LH suppression was sustained for 14 h and that of FSH up to 24 h or longer as the samples were obtained only up to this time. The nadir for LH was reached at 14 h and that for FSH at 24 h or later after administration of the antagonist (p < 0.05). Serum levels of total and free testosterone decreased after the first hour and this inhibition was maintained for up to 14 h. The nadir for total testosterone was at 6 h and that for free testosterone was at 8 h (p < 0.001), corresponding to 56% and 60% of inhibition, respectively. In postmenopausal women, inhibition of the elevated basal serum LH and FSH levels occurred after a single injection of the antagonist analog SB-75 in doses of 75, 150, 300, 600 and 1200 micrograms using im, sc and iv routes of administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Responses to the antagonistic analog of LH-RH (SB-75, Cetrorelix) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic cancer.

Among new highly potent antagonistic analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), containing neutral hydrophilic D-ureidoalkyl amino acids such as D-Cit and D-Hci at position 6 and free of edematogenic and anaphylactoid reactions, Ac-D-Nal(2)1, D-Ph(4Cl)2, D-Pal(3)3, D-Cit6, D-Ala10 (LH-RH) (SB-75; Cetrorelix) was shown to be one of the most powerful. In this trial, we evaluated the response to 500 micrograms SB-75 given every 12 hr subcutaneously (sc) for 4 weeks in 11 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 6 weeks in 6 prostatic cancer patients (2 stage C, 4 stage D2). In patients with BPH presenting with prostatism and urinary outflow obstruction, there was a noticeable clinical improvement after the first week of SB-75 administration. This improvement continued during the course of treatment. Before therapy with SB-75, the serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (6.73 +/- 1.46 ng/ml), acid phosphatases, total (12.67 +/- 1.15 U/l), and prostatic (2.27 +/- 0.34 U/l), were mildly elevated, but declined to normal values at 4 weeks: (2.13 +/- 0.59 ng/ml; P < 0.01), (7.68 +/- 0.89 U/l; P < 0.01), and (1.39 +/- 0.18 U/l; P < 0.01), respectively. Mean prostatic volume assessed by ultrasonography showed a significant decrease in all patients from 67.84 +/- 8.86 to 37.92 +/- 8.52 cm3; P < 0.01, which represents a reduction of 44%. In patients with prostate cancer, after the first week of therapy with SB-75, we observed a significant decrease in bone pain, relief in urinary outflow obstruction, and reversal of the signs of prostatism. Subjective improvement continued during the following weeks of treatment, so that the patients no longer needed analgesics. PSA, acid, and alkaline phosphatases gradually fell, achieving nearly normal values at 6 weeks. Initial serum testosterone levels in BPH and prostatic cancer patients were within normal limits, but during treatment with the antagonistic analog SB-75, fell to castration values. A major fall in free testosterone levels was observed after the first dose; the maximal inhibition was seen after 6-12 hr, with a simultaneous decrease in levels of both gonadotropins. Our results show that antagonist SB-75 can be safely administered for prolonged periods of time. The rapid shrinkage of the prostate and concomitant improvement in obstructive symptoms of prostatism obtained with antagonistic analog SB-75 in patients with BPH may decrease the morbidity of prostatic surgery and offer a therapeutic alternative in men who are considered poor surgical risks.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)