Specific Mode Electroacupuncture Stimulation Mediates the Delivery of NGF Across the Hippocampus Blood-Brain Barrier Through p65-VEGFA-TJs to Improve the Cognitive Function of MCAO/R Convalescent Rats.

Cognitive impairment frequently presents as a prevalent consequence following stroke, imposing significant burdens on patients, families, and society. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of nerve growth factor (NGF) in treating post-stroke cognitive dysfunction in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (MCAO/R) through delivery into the brain using specific mode electroacupuncture stimulation (SMES). From the 28th day after modeling, the rats were treated with NGF mediated by SMES, and the cognitive function of the rats was observed after treatment. Learning and memory ability were evaluated using behavioral tests. The impact of SMES on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, the underlying mechanism of cognitive enhancement in rats with MCAO/R, including transmission electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and TUNEL staining. We reported that SMES demonstrates a safe and efficient ability to open the BBB during the cerebral ischemia repair phase, facilitating the delivery of NGF to the brain by the p65-VEGFA-TJs pathway.

Multiparametric MR characterization for human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 expression in bladder cancer: an exploratory study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the application value of multiparametric MRI in evaluating the expression status of human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in bladder cancer (BCa). METHODS: From April 2021 to July 2023, preoperative imaging manifestations of 90 patients with pathologically confirmed BCa were retrospectively collected and analyzed. All patients underwent multiparametric MRI including synthetic MRI, DWI, from which the T1, T2, proton density (PD) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were obtained. The clinical and imaging characteristics as well as quantitative parameters (T1, T2, PD and ADC values) between HER2-positive and -negative BCa were compared using student t test and chi-square test. The diagnostic efficacy of parameters in predicting HER2 expression status was evaluated by calculating the area under ROC curve (AUC). RESULTS: In total, 76 patients (mean age, 63.59 years ± 12.84 [SD]; 55 men) were included: 51 with HER2-negative and 25 with HER2-positive BCa. HER2-positive group demonstrated significantly higher ADC, T1, and T2 values than HER2-negative group (all P < 0.05). The combination of ADC values and tumor grade yielded the best diagnostic performance in evaluating HER2 expression level with an AUC of 0.864. CONCLUSION: The multiparametric MR characterization can accurately evaluate the HER2 expression status in BCa, which may further guide the determination of individualized anti-HER2 targeted therapy strategies.

Summary of the best evidence on self-management support schemes for patients with inflammatory bowel disease based on mobile health systems.

Objective: Self-management support services can improve patients' self-management ability. This study summarized the best evidence on a self-management support scheme for patients with inflammatory bowel disease based on a mobile health system to accurately describe the current status of the field and provide recommendations for healthcare workers. Methods: Two researchers retrieved studies from computer decision support systems, guideline websites, official association websites, and databases from the establishment of the database until October 2023. The quality of the included studies was independently evaluated by two authors using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation Instrument II and the 2016 version of the corresponding evaluation standards of the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence-based Health Care Center. The classification of evidence and recommendation level adopted the 2014 version of the Australian Joanna Briggs Institute evidence pregrading and recommending level system. Results: Fifteen studies were included, comprising one guideline, two expert consensuses, four systematic reviews, four quasi-experimental studies, and four qualitative studies. The overall quality of the included studies was moderate to high. Thirty-six pieces of best evidence were compiled for seven elements, namely, mobile health system type and functional support; mobile health system application preparation; health information recording, uploading, and presentation; zoning management of diseases and early warning of the active period; support related to health education; healthcare support team formation and services; and virtual communities. Conclusions: Our study evaluated the quality of the included studies and summarized a self-management support scheme for patients with inflammatory bowel disease based on a mobile health system. The main scheme was divided into 7 parts and 36 items, which can be used as a reference for healthcare workers so that they can provide more comprehensive and scientific self-management support services for patients with inflammatory bowel disease through mobile health systems.

Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Imaging in Assessing the Aggressive and Proliferative Potential of Bladder Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Ki-67 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are known oncogenes involved in bladder cancer (BCa) patient risk stratification. Preoperative assessment of their expression level can assist in clinical treatment decision-making. Recently, amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MRI has shown promising potential in the diagnosis of several malignancies. However, few studies reported the value of APTw imaging in evaluating Ki-67 and HER2 status of BCa. PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility of APTw MRI in assessing the aggressive and proliferative potential regarding the expression levels of Ki-67 and HER2 in BCa. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective. SUBJECTS: 114 patients (mean age, 64.78 ± 11.93 [SD] years; 97 men) were studied. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: APTw MRI acquired by a three-dimensional fast-spin-echo sequence at 3.0 T MRI system. ASSESSMENT: Patient pathologic findings, included histologic grade and the expression status of Ki-67 and HER2, were reviewed by one uropathologist. The APTw values of BCa were independently measured by two radiologists and were compared between high-/low-tumor grade group, high-/low-Ki-67 expression group, and high-/low-HER2 expression group. STATISTICAL TESTS: The interclass correlation coefficient, independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Significantly higher APTw values were found in high-grade BCa patients (7.72% vs. 4.29%, P < 0.001), high-Ki-67 expression BCa patients (8.40% vs. 3.25%, P < 0.001) and HER2 positive BCa patients (8.24% vs. 5.40%, P = 0.001). APTw values were positively correlated with Ki-67 (r = 0.769) and HER2 (r = 0. 356) expression status. The area under the ROC curve of the APTw values for detecting Ki-67 and HER2 expression status were 0.883 (95% CI: 0.790-0.945) and 0.713 (95% CI: 0.592-0.816), respectively. DATA CONCLUSIONS: APTw MRI is a potential method to assess the biological and proliferation potential of BCa. TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Case report: Multiple organ failure caused by Japanese spotted fever.

A 71-year-old male had disseminated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Following treatment with cefotaxime and piperacillin-tazobactam, his symptoms have worsened instead. Multiple organ failure caused by Japanese Spotted Fever (JSF) was diagnosed based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), we rapidly treated the patient with doxycycline. Thereafter, his symptoms gradually improved. In this report, we emphasized the importance of rapid microbial diagnostic tools and the early use of tetracyclines for the treatment of JSF.

Copper-Catalyzed Asymmetric Kinugasa/Michael Addition Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Spiro ß-Lactams.

A mild copper-catalyzed asymmetric Kinugasa/Michael addition cascade process is developed. The reaction of α, ß-unsaturated ester-tethered propiolamides with nitrones provides an efficient protocol for the construction of functionalized chiral 2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]octane-1,5-dione products in satisfactory yields and with high enantio- and diastereoselectivities.

Metabonomics and pharmacodynamics studies of Gentiana radix and wine-processed Gentiana radix in damp-heat jaundice syndrome rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Gentiana radix (GR) and wine-processed Gentiana radix (WGR) have been commonly used in folk medicine for the treatment of bile or liver disorders, including jaundice, hepatitis, swelling and inflammation for thousands of years. However, the therapeutic effects of gentian root (GR) and wine-made gentian root (WGR) treatment on damp-heat jaundice syndrome (DHJS) have not been studied in animal experiments. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of GR and WGR on DHJS in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a high-fat and high-sugar diet in a humidified hot environment, hepatic injury induced by giving alpha-naphthalene isothiocyanate (ANIT) in rats were used as a DHJS model. Histological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), PCR analysis, and metabolomics were used to elucidate the mechanism of GR and WGR for DHJS. RESULTS: The results indicated that GR and WGR affected DHJS by inhibiting the release of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin (D-BIL), total bilirubin (TBIL), total bile acid (TBA), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S-transferase (GST) (P < 0.05). In addition, they significantly reduced the gene expression levels of Na+/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), bile salt export pump (BESP), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (MRP3) (P < 0.05). The WGR group improved the above function indicators better than the GR group. GR and WGR could restore 11 potential biomarkers in rats with DHJS tended to return to normal levels, these biomarkers were involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, retinol metabolism, arginine biosynthesis. The results of the metabolic pathway showed that WGR was significantly better than GR in the improvement of porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that treatment with GR and WGR has a beneficial effect on DHJS in rats, the major mechanisms may be involved in improving functional indicators of the body and endogenous metabolism, and WGR is more effective than GR. It provides important evidence for the clinical application of GR and WGR in the treatment of DHJS.

A study on combination of non-ablative local RFA with PD-1 and angiogenesis blocking to prolong survival through improvement of immune microenvironment in advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), an effective local treatment method for early-stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC), combined with PD-1 blocking and anti-angiogenic therapy is being extensively explored in advanced HCC, however, the definite results and underlying mechanisms still remain to be elucidated. Therefore, whether non-ablative RFA-based combined therapy can play a synergistic anti-tumor effect through improving tumor immune microenvironment was investigated by us in HCC mouse models. Our results showed that non-ablative RFA could regulate multilayered immunity, such as inducing immunogenic death of tumor cells, upregulating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, mainly IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10, and subsequently promoting the infiltration of CD8 + T cells. As a result, a significant synergistic anti-tumor effect was demonstrated in the combination therapy group. Similarly, in the real-world setting, non-curative RFA combined with PD-1 blocking and Lenvatinib for 12 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C achieve promising results, with 6.9 months (95 % CI: 3.23-15.73) median progression-free survival (mPFS) and 12.7 months (95 % CI: 7.40-19.73) median overall survival (mOS). The common treatment-related adverse reactions were pneumonia and thyroiditis with low prevalence, both less than grade 3 and manageable by symptomatic treatment. Summarily, local non-ablative RFA should be a clinically preferred strategy in combination with PD-1 blocking and anti-angiogenic therapy, because this more flexible scheme abandons its historical concept of tumor eradication, but fully utilizes the immune regulatory function by inducing immunogenic tumor death and has higher-level of safety. Therefore, this is a two-pronged and highly balanced approach to achieved favorable treatment outcomes, while conclusive evidence is still pending, it can be attempted in the real world anyway.

Anti-glioma effect of paclitaxel mediated by specific mode electroacupuncture stimulation and the related role of the Hedgehog pathway.

INTRODUCTION: Paclitaxel (PTX) cannot effectively treat glioma because it cannot cross the bloodbrain barrier (BBB). A specific mode electroacupuncture stimulation (SMES) can temporarily open the BBB, thereby improving drug delivery to the brain. This study aimed to observe SMES-mediated accumulation of PTX in the brain and its anti-glioma effect and explore the role of the Hedgehog pathway. METHODS: The acupoint selectivity of SMES in opening the BBB was examined in normal rats. The penetration and anti-glioma activity were determined in a C6-Luc glioma rat model. SMES was performed using 2/100 Hz, 3 mA, 6-6 s, and 40 min The survival curve was analysed by the KaplanMeier method, brain tumour pathology and size was observed by HE staining, and in vivo imaging system respectively. RESULTS: SMES-induced BBB opening had acupoint selectivity. SMES could improve PTX accumulation in brain and SMES-mediated PTX delivery showed enhanced anti-glioma activity due to better brain penetration. Hedgehog pathway was involved in SMES-mediated PTX delivery by regulating Occludin expression. CONCLUSION: SMES at the head acupoints to deliver PTX is a feasible and effective method for treating glioma. The Hedgehog pathway may play a key role in SMES-mediated PTX delivery across the BBB.

Economic burden of generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) in the United States and the impact of common comorbidities and acute MG-events.

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the incremental healthcare costs and resource utilization (HRU) associated with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG), as well as variability in these outcomes among patients with gMG and common comorbidities and acute MG-related events. METHODS: Adults with gMG and without MG were identified from a large US database (2017-2021). The index date was the first MG diagnosis (gMG cohort) or random date (non-MG cohort). Cohorts were propensity score matched 1:1. The gMG cohort included subgroups of patients with a 12-month pre-index (baseline) cardiometabolic or psychiatric comorbidity, or a post-index MG exacerbation/crisis. Monthly healthcare costs (2021 USD) and HRU were compared post-index between gMG and non-MG cohorts. RESULTS: The gMG and matched non-MG cohorts each contained 2,739 patients. Mean incremental healthcare costs associated with MG were $4,155 (gMG: $5,567; non-MG: $1,411), with differences driven by incremental inpatient costs of $2,166 (gMG: $2,617; non-MG: $452); all p < 0.001. The gMG versus non-MG cohort had 4.36 times more inpatient admissions and 2.26 times more outpatient visits; all p < 0.001. Among patients with gMG in cardiometabolic (n = 1,859), psychiatric (n = 1,308), and exacerbation/crisis (n = 419) subgroups, mean monthly healthcare costs were $6,660, $7,443, and $17,330, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: gMG is associated with substantial incremental costs and HRU, with inpatient costs driving the total incremental costs. Costs increased by 20% and 34% among patients with cardiometabolic and psychiatric conditions, respectively, and over three times among those with acute MG-related events. gMG is a complex disease requiring management of comorbidities and treatment options that can prevent acute symptomatic events.

Generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) is a rare long-standing condition that affects the junctions between nerves and muscles, causing them to be weak. In a serious case, the diaphragm ­ a muscle that helps with breathing ­ becomes so weak that a patient will need a machine to breathe for them. This is called MG exacerbation or crisis. In this study, we used a large insurance database in the United States to look at how much money healthcare payers paid for gMG patients on average and what healthcare resources patients with gMG used. We compared these findings with patients without gMG. Also, among patients with gMG, we reported these findings specifically for patients who also had heart, blood, or blood vessel disease; patients who had a mental illness; and patients who had MG exacerbation or crisis later on. We found that patients with gMG used $5,567 per month on average ($4,155 more than patients without gMG), mostly from overnight hospital stays. Patients with gMG also had four times more overnight hospital stays and two times more hospital day visits when we compared them to patients without gMG. Patients with gMG and other health conditions used even more money and resources per month. Patients with MG exacerbation or crisis used $17,330 per month on average. Our results showed that gMG led to higher healthcare cost and resource use. In order to reduce cost and resources, doctors also need to control for other health conditions as they treat patients with gMG, and to prevent patients from having MG exacerbation or crisis later on.

Aconitum coreanum and processed products on its base prevent stroke via the PI3K/Akt and KEAP1/NRF2 in the in vivo study.

Aconitum coreanum (A. coreanum), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved to treat ischemic stroke (IS). However, the mechanisms of A. coreanum's anti-stroke is currently unknown. This study aimed to uncover the effect and mechanisms of A. coreanum. And study raw Aconitum coreanum (RA) and steamed Aconitum coreanum (SA) and Aconitum coreanum processed with ginger and Alumen (GA) on the mechanism of the pharmacological action of treating IS. Determining whether the efficacy is affected after processing. The right unilateral ligation of the carotid artery of gerbils was used to mimic IS. The neurological function score, infarct volume, oxidative stress level and inflammatory factor expression were measured in gerbils after IS. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to evaluate the expression of related proteins. Metabolomic analyzes IS-related metabolic pathways in urinary metabolites. RA, SA and GA significantly improved the infarct volume and behavioral score of IS gerbils, increased the expression of brain tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) and decreased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis results showed that RA, SA and GA significantly increased the expression of P-Akt, PI3K, HO-1 and KEAP1. Metabolomic studies identified 112 differential metabolites, including L-Proline, Riboflavin, Leukotriene D4, and 7-Methylxanthine, as potential biomarkers of stroke, involving 14 metabolic pathways including riboflavin metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and purine metabolism. Our findings indicated that A. coreanum protected against cerebral ischemia injury probably via the PI3K/Akt and KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. A. coreanum before and after processing both had a protective effect against IS brain injury in gerbils. The A. coreanum efficacy was not reduced after processing. Even compared to RA, SA had better efficacy.

Women's experiences with Centering-Based Group Care in Zhejiang China: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: The group prenatal care model, which caters to women with low medical needs but high support needs, has become a highly prevalent and innovative approach implemented globally. For Centering-Based Group Care (CBGC) to remain effective, women's evaluations of the quality of care and perspectives about the model are crucial. AIM: This study aimed to describe women's appraisal of CBGC quality and explore the experiences of women in the mixed-methods pilot study conducted in Zhejiang, China. METHODS: From August 2021 to December 2022, 20 women provided complete quantitative data using the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire before hospital discharge. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at 6 months postpartum. Qualitative data were analysed using Colaizzi's method. FINDINGS: The mean (standard deviation) total score (of the 5) of the questionnaire was 4.43 (0.1) with a good quality of CBGC. Qualitative research identified five themes: motivations and concerns for participation, the appeal of interactive learning, the development of community ties and social support, healing from psychological trauma with CBGC, and suggestions for CBGC enhancement. DISCUSSION: Women rated CBGC quality as good and benefited significantly from it in the study. As a new alternative option, the women's accounts suggested that CBGC performed excellently in enhancing knowledge, strengthening social bonds, and providing psychological support. CONCLUSION: CBGC quality cannot be determined based on limited the sample size. This pilot study provides evidence regarding the beneficial effects of knowledge, socialization, and psychological healing on CBGC. Further research is suggested to measure CBGC effectiveness and quality.

Long-Term Healthcare Resource Utilization and Costs among Patients with Myasthenia Gravis: A Swedish Nationwide Population-Based Study.

INTRODUCTION: Healthcare costs and societal impact of myasthenia gravis (MG), a potentially life-threatening rare, chronic neuromuscular disease, are sparsely studied. We assessed healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs among patients with newly diagnosed (ND) and preexisting (PE) MG in Sweden. METHODS: This observational, retrospective cohort study used data from four linkable Swedish nationwide population-based registries. Adult MG patients receiving pharmacological treatment for MG and having ≥24-month follow-up during the period January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2017, were included. RESULTS: A total of 1,275 patients were included in the analysis, of which 554 patients were categorized into the ND MG group and 721 into the PE MG group. Mean (±SD) age was 61.3 (±17.4) years, and 52.3% were female. In the first year post-diagnosis, ND patients had significantly higher utilization of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (96.0% vs. 83.9%), corticosteroids (59.6% vs. 45.8%), thymectomy (12.1% vs. 0.7%), and plasma exchange (3.8% vs. 0.6%); had higher all-cause (70.9% vs. 35.8%) and MG-related (62.5% vs. 18.4%) hospitalization rates with 11 more hospitalization days (all p < 0.01) and an increased risk of hospitalization (odds ratio [95% CI] = 4.4 [3.43, 5.64]) than PE MG. In year 1 post-diagnosis, ND MG patients incurred EUR 7,302 (p < 0.01) higher total all-cause costs than PE MG, of which 84% were estimated to be MG-related and the majority (86%) were related to inpatient care. These results remained significant also after controlling for baseline demographics and comorbidities (p < 0.01). In year 2 post-diagnosis, the all-cause medical costs decreased by ∼55% for ND MG from year 1 and were comparable with PE MG. CONCLUSION: In this population-based study, MG patients required significantly more healthcare resources in year 1 post-diagnosis than PE MG primarily due to more pharmacological treatments, thymectomies, and associated hospitalizations. These findings highlight the need to better understand potential factors including disease characteristics associated with increased health resource use and costs and need for more efficacious treatments early in the disease course.

The effect of in-hospital breast milk intake on the gut microbiota of preterm infants.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of in-hospital breast milk intake on the development of early gut microbiota in preterm infants in two dimensions: longitudinal over time and cross-sectional between groups. METHODS: Researchers collected preterm infants' general data baseline characteristics, recorded their daily breast milk intake, probiotics, and antibiotics use, and collected their stool specimens at 1st week, 2 nd week, 3rd week and 4th week after birth. The researchers analyzed the effect of breast milk on gut microbiota of preterm infants by bioinformatics methods of intra-group longitudinal variation of gut microbiota structure and diversity in preterm infants and cross-sectional differences between >70 % in-hospital breast milk intake (BM) group and ≤70 % (PF) group. RESULTS: A total of 60 preterm infants were included in this study, and a total of 213 stool specimens were retained. BM had statistically different Shannon and Simpson indices between the first and fourth week after admission (P < 0.05), both of them showed a lower diversity in the later week than in the previous week. The Shannon index and Simpson index of BM from week 3 onwards were statistically different from PF (P < 0.05), and the Shannon index and Simpson index of BM were lower than those of PF. Significantly statistical differences (P < 0.05) were found in the beta diversity of gut microbiota in preterm infants as time progressed, and both showed a lower beta diversity in the later week than in the preceding week. The dominant taxa of PF in the first postnatal week were Bifidobacterium animalis, etc., the dominant taxa of BM in the third postnatal week were Clostridium_sensu_stricto _1, etc. CONCLUSIONS: The development and evolution of gut microbiota in preterm infants' in-hospital period was a continuous, non-random process, and similar trends in species composition and changes in gut microbes emerged in preterm infants with different ratio of breast milk intake. In the NICU setting, alpha diversity was lower in preterm infants in the >70 % breast milk intake group than in the ≤70 % group when compared between groups at the same time, which may be related to delayed maturation of gut microbes and represents a more developmental gut time window.

The chemerin-CMKLR1 axis in keratinocytes impairs innate host defense against cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection.

The skin is the most common site of Staphylococcus aureus infection, which can lead to various diseases, including invasive and life-threatening infections, through evasion of host defense. However, little is known about the host factors that facilitate the innate immune evasion of S. aureus in the skin. Chemerin, which is abundantly expressed in the skin and can be activated by proteases derived from S. aureus, has both direct bacteria-killing activity and immunomodulatory effects via interactions with its receptor CMKLR1. Here, we demonstrate that a lack of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis increases the neutrophil-mediated host defense against S. aureus in a mouse model of cutaneous infection, whereas chemerin overexpression, which mimics high levels of chemerin in obese individuals, exacerbates S. aureus cutaneous infection. Mechanistically, we identified keratinocytes that express CMKLR1 as the main target of chemerin to suppress S. aureus-induced IL-33 expression, leading to impaired skin neutrophilia and bacterial clearance. CMKLR1 signaling specifically inhibits IL-33 expression induced by cell wall components but not secreted proteins of S. aureus by inhibiting Akt activation in mouse keratinocytes. Thus, our study revealed that the immunomodulatory effect of the chemerin/CMKLR1 axis mediates innate immune evasion of S. aureus in vivo and likely increases susceptibility to S. aureus infection in obese individuals.

Application of Platysma Myocutaneous Flap in Surgical Repair after T2-3 Glottic Carcinoma Resection.

OBJECTIVE: Numerous methods and materials are available for vertical partial laryngectomy. In this study, the reparative effects of the platysma myocutaneous flap (PMF) and ribbon myocutaneous flap (RMF) on the postoperative voice quality of patients were compared to provide a reference for selecting a method conducive to improving postoperative voice quality. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with unilateral T2-3 glottic carcinoma. Following vertical partial laryngectomy, the defect was repaired with a PMF or simple RMF. Twelve months after surgery, voice quality was assessed according to voice acoustics, aerodynamics, and subjective perceptual evaluation, and glottic morphology was recorded using a laryngeal stroboscopy. RESULTS: A total of 70 patients were identified, including 54 in the PMF group and 16 in the RMF group. The PMF group was superior to the RMF group in terms of voice quality assessed by voice acoustics, aerodynamics, and subjective perceptual evaluation. In the PMF group, 72.2% of patients performed phonation with their vocal cords, and approximately 27.8% of patients were affected by supraglottic compression. In the RMF group, 81.3% of patients were affected by supraglottic compression. No significant difference was found in the 5-year survival rate between the two groups. CONCLUSION: For defect repair following vertical partial laryngectomy, a PMF can allow better postoperative voice quality to be achieved than an RMF because a PMF can provide more tissue (including strap muscle under the flap) for padding, which enables the glottic portion corresponding to the vocal cord to close well. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:3181-3186, 2024.

International consensus guidelines for the definition, detection, and interpretation of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis.

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a complex degradation process with a dual role in cell death that is influenced by the cell types that are involved and the stressors they are exposed to. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent oxidative form of cell death characterized by unrestricted lipid peroxidation in the context of heterogeneous and plastic mechanisms. Recent studies have shed light on the involvement of specific types of autophagy (e.g. ferritinophagy, lipophagy, and clockophagy) in initiating or executing ferroptotic cell death through the selective degradation of anti-injury proteins or organelles. Conversely, other forms of selective autophagy (e.g. reticulophagy and lysophagy) enhance the cellular defense against ferroptotic damage. Dysregulated autophagy-dependent ferroptosis has implications for a diverse range of pathological conditions. This review aims to present an updated definition of autophagy-dependent ferroptosis, discuss influential substrates and receptors, outline experimental methods, and propose guidelines for interpreting the results.Abbreviation: 3-MA:3-methyladenine; 4HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal; ACD: accidentalcell death; ADF: autophagy-dependentferroptosis; ARE: antioxidant response element; BH2:dihydrobiopterin; BH4: tetrahydrobiopterin; BMDMs: bonemarrow-derived macrophages; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; CQ:chloroquine; DAMPs: danger/damage-associated molecular patterns; EMT,epithelial-mesenchymal transition; EPR: electronparamagnetic resonance; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FRET: Försterresonance energy transfer; GFP: green fluorescent protein;GSH: glutathione;IF: immunofluorescence; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IOP, intraocularpressure; IRI: ischemia-reperfusion injury; LAA: linoleamide alkyne;MDA: malondialdehyde; PGSK: Phen Green™ SK;RCD: regulatedcell death; PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids; RFP: red fluorescentprotein;ROS: reactive oxygen species; TBA: thiobarbituricacid; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TEM:transmission electron microscopy.

Comprehensive Study and Design of Graphene Transistor.

Graphene, renowned for its exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties, takes center stage in the realm of next-generation electronics. In this paper, we provide a thorough investigation into the comprehensive fabrication process of graphene field-effect transistors. Recognizing the pivotal role graphene quality plays in determining device performance, we explore many techniques and metrological methods to assess and ensure the superior quality of graphene layers. In addition, we delve into the intricate nuances of doping graphene and examine its effects on electronic properties. We uncover the transformative impact these dopants have on the charge carrier concentration, bandgap, and overall device performance. By amalgamating these critical facets of graphene field-effect transistors fabrication and analysis, this study offers a holistic understanding for researchers and engineers aiming to optimize the performance of graphene-based electronic devices.

Differences in physiology and behavior between male winner and loser mice in the tube test.

Social hierarchy is a crucial element for survival, reproduction, fitness, and the maintenance of a stable social group in social animals. This study aimed to investigate the physiological indicators, nociception, unfamiliar female mice preference, spatial learning memory, and contextual fear memory of male mice with different social status in the same cage. Our findings revealed significant differences in the trunk temperature and contextual fear memory between winner and loser mice. However, there were no major discrepancies in body weight, random and fasting blood glucose levels, whisker number, frontal and perianal temperature, spleen size, mechanical and thermal pain thresholds, preference for unfamiliar female mice, and spatial memory. In conclusion, social status can affect mice in multiple ways, and, therefore, its influence should be considered when conducting studies using these animals.