ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La estimación de los cambios en la diversidad y como se encuentran compuestas las comunidades de insectos en áreas de transmisión, de diferentes zonas de vida, puede indicar patrones diferenciales en la transmisión y fauna de reservorios asociada, así como diferentes escenarios de riesgo epidemiológico. Un ejemplo es la leishmaniasis, parasitosis relacionada con la presencia de flebotomíneos del género Lutzomyia, que en Córdoba (Colombia) presenta áreas de transmisión para las formas cutánea y visceral de leishmaniasis, enmarcadas en diferentes zonas de vida - Holdridge (Bs-T, Bh-T, entre otras). El presente estudio tiene como objetivo estimar la diversidad de los inventarios entomológicos realizados en diferentes zonas con presencia de potenciales vectores de leishmaniasis, en 17 localidades de diez municipios del departamento de Córdoba, entre mayo de 2015 y noviembre de 2016. En total se recolectaron 1695 flebotomíneos representado en 13 especies del género Lutzomyia. Las especies más abundantes para el departamento de Córdoba son Lutzomyia evansi y Lutzomyia gomezi, con el 30,44 % y 29,62 %, respectivamente. Se reporta por primera vez la presencia de Lutzomyia trapidoi para el territorio cordobés. Con este estudio se amplía el conocimiento de la diversidad del género Lutzomyia en términos de distribución de abundancias, diversidades verdaderas y composición de especies en zonas activas del departamento de Córdoba.
ABSTRACT The estimation of changes in the diversity and composition of insect communities in transmission areas belonging to different life zones, can indicate differential patterns in transmission and associated reservoir fauna, as well as different epidemiological risk scenarios. An example is leishmaniasis, a parasitosis related to the presence of phlebotomine sandflies of the Lutzomyia genus, which in Córdoba (Colombia) presents transmission areas for cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis, framed in different life zones - Holdridge (Bs-T, Bh-T, among others). The present study aims to estimate the diversity of entomological inventories carried out in different areas with presence of potential leishmaniasis vectors, in 17 localities of ten municipalities of the department of Córdoba, between May 2015 and November 2016. A total of 1695 phlebotomine sandflies represented in 13 species of the genus Lutzomyia were collected. The most abundant species for the department of Córdoba are Lutzomyia evansi and Lutzomyia gomezi, with 30.44 % and 29.62 %, respectively. The presence of Lutzomyia trapidoi is reported for the first time for the territory of Córdoba. With this study, the knowledge of the diversity of the genus Lutzomyia in terms of abundance distribution, true diversities and species composition in active zones of the department of Córdoba is expanded.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT We present an estimation of the potential species richness of frogs, and diurnal butterflies distributed in the departments of Norte de Santander and Santander, Colombia, and analyze the implications for conservation of such high Andean species. From June 2012 to May 2016, we sampled across the Almorzadero, Santurbán and Tamá biogeographical units to gather presence data of 7 anuran species and 29 butterflies species from the superfamily Papilionoidea. We modeled the potential distribution of each species, converted every model to binary, and the sum up of unique species per cell allowed to estimate the model of potential richness, generating the total number of species for every 1 km2 cell. Every model was validated against field data, vegetation cover, and altitude. Our results suggest the existence of species' concentration zones, specifically in the places of convergence between biogeographical units; it was evident the high levels of data deficiency in some places. Finally, it was clear the importance of these zones as a continuum of biogeographic conditions to maintain the biological diversity.
RESUMEN Presentamos una estimación de la riqueza potencial y las implicaciones para la conservación de especies altoandinas de anuros y de mariposas diurnas, distribuidas en los departamentos de Norte de Santander y Santander. Durante junio de 2012 y mayo de 2016 se realizaron muestreos de campo en las unidades biogeográficas de Almorzadero, Santurbán y Tamá, para registrar los datos de presencia de siete especies de anfibios del orden Anura y 29 de mariposas de la superfamilia Papilionoidea. Realizamos modelamientos de la distribución potencial de cada especie, convertimos cada modelo en binario, y la suma de especies únicas por celda permitió estimar el modelo de riqueza potencial, obteniendo el número total de especies por cada celda de 1 km2; a su vez, los modelos fueron superpuestos sobre información de campo, cobertura vegetal y altitudinal. Nuestros resultados sugieren que existen zonas concretas de concentración de especies en las zonas de convergencia entre las unidades biogeográficas, así como zonas con vacíos de información. Resaltamos la importancia de estas zonas como un continuo de condiciones biogeográficas para mantener la diversidad.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The recognition of communities of arthropods with medical importance in natural systems constitutes an important step in the prediction of possible epidemic events and/or emergence of infectious diseases in the human population. This is due to anthropogenic impact in natural areas and landscape modification, which changes the dynamics of pathogenic agents, reservoirs, and vector insects. In this study, an inventory was compiled of species of the genus Lutzomyia present in sub-Andean forest from the confluence of the Pamplonita River basin. METHODS: CDC-light and Shannon traps were used for collecting adult phlebotomine sandflies during the month of October 2013 in a sub-Andean forest from river basin Pamplonita. All specimens were identified using morphological keys. The epidemiological relevance of each species was reported using a literature review about natural infection or vector incrimination with Leishmania species or other pathogens microorganism. RESULTS: A total of 2755 specimens belonging to eight species of the genus Lutzomyia were collected. Out of the eight species, seven belonged to the group verrucarum (Lutzomyia sp--townsendi series, L. ovallesi, L. spinicrassa, L. serrana, L. townsendi, L. nuneztovari and L. pia), while one belonged to the subgenus Helcocyrtomyia (L. hartmanni). A new registry of L. townsendi was observed for the Norte de Santander department. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The appreciable diversity of the verrucarum group observed in this area suggest further investigation on the biogeography and evolution of this group, and epidemiological risk for human populations around this area, as there are reports of Leishmania natural infection and favourable conditions for domestication of phlebotomines in rural towns.