ABSTRACT
Background: Children can learn efficiently with well-designed serious games. The use of applications to promote health has proliferated, but there is a lack of scientific studies on educational games in oral health. Materials and Methods: We developed the Brazilian version of a British and Jordanian oral health education game for children from the perspectives of Brazilian specialists and users. This descriptive study, with a qualitative and quantitative approach, comprised three phases: I-Experts' discussion of the appropriateness of the previous version of the game to Brazil; II-Development of the first Brazilian version of the game; and III-Evaluation of the first version with 15 children from 4 to 8 years of age. Results: In Phase I, the specialists agreed with the development of the Brazilian version of the game, with minor adjustments on: advice on eating; advice on oral hygiene habits, users' age group, game characters, and game purpose. Phase II: a version with a few changes in images and recommendations, written and spoken in Brazilian Portuguese. Phase III: The global average of correct answers in the game's tasks was 75.3%, ranging from 50.0% to 100%. Children reported having fun with the game, and most understood the content and its interface; their parents found the information relevant and enjoyed the gameplay with their children. Conclusions: The Oral Health Education Game offered basic information for preventing dental caries to Brazilian children aged 4-8 years old in an interactive and fun way; it could support professionals in improving oral health education.
Subject(s)
Oral Health , Video Games , Humans , Child , Oral Health/standards , Oral Health/education , Child, Preschool , Male , Female , Brazil , Video Games/standards , Video Games/psychology , Health Education/methods , Health Education/standardsABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the development and quality analysis stages of a mobile health application for the treatment of urinary incontinence in men after radical prostatectomy. Method: A technological development study. Eight clinical experts and eight software development experts participated in quality assessment. Six characteristics and 22 subcharacteristics were assessed using an online form. Agreement rates above 70% were considered satisfactory. Results: The percentages of agreement of characteristics by clinical experts and developers were performance efficiency (90.5%), compatibility (100%) (both assessed only by the developers), functional suitability (78.5; 100%), usability (74.2; 82.7%), reliability (95.0; 82.3%) and security (87.6; 91.4%). Accessibility, user error protection, maturity and recoverability subcharacteristics showed agreement below 70%, which guided researchers to incorporate software improvements. Conclusion: The application presented satisfactory technical quality, configuring digital technological innovation that favors nursing care for men with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las etapas de desarrollo y análisis de calidad de una aplicación móvil de salud para el tratamiento de la incontinencia urinaria en hombres postprostatectomía radical. Método: Estudio de desarrollo tecnológico. En la evaluación de calidad participaron ocho especialistas del área clínica y ocho en desarrollo de software. Se evaluaron seis características y 22 subcaracterísticas mediante un formulario en línea. Las tasas de acuerdo superiores al 70% se consideraron satisfactorias. Resultados: Los porcentajes de acuerdo sobre las características por parte de expertos clínicos y desarrolladores fueron eficiencia de rendimiento (90,5%), compatibilidad (100%) (ambos evaluados únicamente por los desarrolladores), adecuación funcional (78,5;100%), usabilidad (74,2;82,7%), confiabilidad (95,0;82,3%) y seguridad (87,6;91,4%). Las subcaracterísticas de accesibilidad, protección contra errores, madurez y recuperabilidad mostraron una concordancia inferior al 70%, lo que guió a los investigadores a incorporar mejoras de software. Conclusión: La aplicación presentó calidad técnica satisfactoria, representando una innovación tecnológica digital que favorece la atención de enfermería a hombres con incontinencia urinaria postprostatectomía radical.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as etapas de desenvolvimento e análise de qualidade de um aplicativo mobile health para tratamento da incontinência urinária em homens pós-prostatectomia radical. Método: Estudo de desenvolvimento tecnológico. Participaram da avaliação de qualidade oito especialistas da área clínica e oito em desenvolvimento de software. Foram avaliadas seis características e 22 subcaracterísticas por meio de formulário online. Índices de concordância acima de 70% foram considerados satisfatórios. Resultados: Os percentuais de concordância das características pelos especialistas da área clínica e desenvolvedores foram eficiência de desempenho (90,5%), compatibilidade (100%) (ambas avaliadas somente pelos desenvolvedores), adequação funcional (78,5;100%), usabilidade (74,2;82,7%), confiabilidade (95,0;82,3%) e segurança (87,6;91,4%). As subcaracterísticas acessibilidade, proteção contra erros, maturidade e recuperabilidade apresentaram concordância abaixo de 70%, o que orientou os pesquisadores para a incorporação de melhorias do software. Conclusão: O aplicativo apresentou qualidade técnica satisfatória, configurando-se inovação tecnológica digital que favorece o cuidado de enfermagem a homens com incontinência urinária pós-prostatectomia radical.
ABSTRACT
Sheep meet production systems require roughage feed of good nutritional quality. However, the production of sorghum or corn silage, besides expensive, also depends on large cultivable areas and favorable weather conditions. Thus, agro-industrial residues have stood out as a feed alternative that contribute to the reduction of production costs and to the conservation of the environment. Fragments of the ruminal mucosa of 30 healthy lambs fed with agro-industrial residues and slaughtered with a final weight of 36 kg were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. We observed that the coproducts grape residue and wet brewery residue affected the shape, dimensions, and cytoarchitecture of the rumen epithelium in contrast to traditional sorghum silage. The rumen papillae of lambs fed grape waste were larger, and their epithelium was thinner when compared to the papillae of lambs fed wet brewery waste and sorghum silage. It can be assumed that the increased mucosal surface area of the rumen contributed to greater weight gain and reduced time to slaughter. The use of a greater variety of agro-industrial residues as a substitute for traditional feedstuffs contributes to the increase in animal protein production in many countries, making the confinement of sheep more viable and sustainable.
Subject(s)
Animal Feed , Diet , Sheep , Animals , Diet/veterinary , Animal Feed/analysis , Industrial Waste , Rumen/metabolism , SilageABSTRACT
We conducted a genealogical analysis of quaternary prevention, an instrument of primary health care to address overmedicalization and iatrogenesis, based on related statements and interviews with the creators of this concept. This tool has been used in the reformulation of care and the doctor-patient relationship, but limited to the risk-benefit assessment by using current scientific evidence. In this study, we analyze the paradoxes of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and discuss the relationship of EBM and quaternary prevention and primary health care (PHC). Finally, we suggest questioning the truth of the evidence for the development of other health paradigms.
Realizamos uma análise genealógica da Prevenção Quaternária, instrumento da Atenção Primária à Saúde de enfrentamento à medicalização e a iatrogenia, a partir de seus enunciados e de entrevistas com seus formuladores. Identificamos que a ferramenta tem sido tanto apresentada como uma reformulação do cuidado e da relação médico-paciente, como também reduzida ao cálculo do risco-benefício por meio da aplicação atualizada de evidências científicas. Analisamos os paradoxos da Medicina Baseada em Evidências e problematizamos sua relação com a Prevenção Quaternária e a Atenção Primária à Saúde. Por fim, sugerimos questionar a verdade das evidências para o desenvolvimento de outros paradigmas de saúde.
Subject(s)
Evidence-Based Medicine , Physician-Patient Relations , Humans , Primary Health CareABSTRACT
Resumo Realizamos uma análise genealógica da Prevenção Quaternária, instrumento da Atenção Primária à Saúde de enfrentamento à medicalização e a iatrogenia, a partir de seus enunciados e de entrevistas com seus formuladores. Identificamos que a ferramenta tem sido tanto apresentada como uma reformulação do cuidado e da relação médico-paciente, como também reduzida ao cálculo do risco-benefício por meio da aplicação atualizada de evidências científicas. Analisamos os paradoxos da Medicina Baseada em Evidências e problematizamos sua relação com a Prevenção Quaternária e a Atenção Primária à Saúde. Por fim, sugerimos questionar a verdade das evidências para o desenvolvimento de outros paradigmas de saúde.
Abstract We conducted a genealogical analysis of quaternary prevention, an instrument of primary health care to address overmedicalization and iatrogenesis, based on related statements and interviews with the creators of this concept. This tool has been used in the reformulation of care and the doctor-patient relationship, but limited to the risk-benefit assessment by using current scientific evidence. In this study, we analyze the paradoxes of evidence-based medicine (EBM) and discuss the relationship of EBM and quaternary prevention and primary health care (PHC). Finally, we suggest questioning the truth of the evidence for the development of other health paradigms.
ABSTRACT
Resumo A pandemia de covid-19 acelerou a chamada transformação digital da saúde. Uma de suas faces pode ser vista no uso progressivo de aplicativos móveis dedicados à prevenção de doenças e à promoção à saúde (mSaúde). Todavia, ainda há muitas lacunas de conhecimento e problematizações sobre saúde digital para subsidiar seu uso e implementação no âmbito da saúde coletiva. Este ensaio pretende se somar às caracterizações e análises das consequências assistenciais, sociais, políticas, legais e éticas da saúde digital. A hipótese a ser defendida é que a transformação digital da saúde acarreta a automação algorítmica do saber-poder da medicina. Para desenvolver este ensaio, foram realizadas extensa revisão bibliográfica, investigação e descrição de aplicativos de mSaúde, a partir de estudos críticos sobre saúde digital propostos por Deborah Lupton.
Abstract The current pandemic has accelerated digital health transformation. One of its faces refers to the progressive use of mobile applications dedicated to care, disease prevention, and health promotion - e.g., mHealth. However, many gaps in the knowledge and questions about digital health to support its use and implementation persist in the scope of Public Health. With that in mind, this study aims to contribute to their assistance, social, political, legal, and ethical characterizations and analyses. The hypothesis we intend to test is that the digital transformation of health care leads, for better or for worse, to the algorithmic automation of the knowledge-power of medicine. To conduct this study, we carried out an extensive literature review and investigated and described mHealth apps based on the critical studies of digital health proposed by Deborah Lupton.
Subject(s)
MedicalizationABSTRACT
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of slaughtering feedlot Texel lambs during different climatic conditions on carcass and meat quality traits. Twenty castrated male Texel lambs (21.8 ± 0.62 kg) were distributed to two treatments according to the climatic conditions during the finishing period and at pre-slaughter: warm season (WS; mean temperature of 23.4 °C and 77.5% relative humidity) and cool season (CS; mean temperature of 14.9 °C and 79.5% relative humidity). During the pre-slaughter, thermal comfort was evaluated through the variables: respiratory frequency, rectal temperature, temperature of the ocular region, and temperature-humidity index (THI). After the finishing period, lambs were slaughtered, and carcass and meat quality traits were assessed. The THI values indicate that animals harvested in the WS spent 13 h of the day under potential thermal discomfort conditions in the week before slaughter and in the pre-slaughter period, whereas lambs harvested in the CS did not experience any thermal discomfort. Slaughter weight, carcass weight, carcass dressing, and backfat thickness were greater (P ≤ 0.03), whereas cooling losses were lower (P < 0.01) for lambs slaughtered in the CS. Moreover, thawing losses were lower (P < 0.01), whereas cooking losses were greater (P < 0.01) for lambs harvested in the CS. Lambs slaughtered in the CS also showed greater meat redness, yellowness, and chroma values (P < 0.05). Although carcass traits were affected by the greater thermal discomfort exposure, meat quality of lambs was less impacted by the climatic conditions at slaughter.
Subject(s)
Body Composition , Red Meat , Sheep , Male , Animals , Seasons , Meat , Sheep, DomesticABSTRACT
A urolitíase é uma condição rara, mas considerada de emergência na rotina de equinos. Este trabalho relata um caso de correção de urolitíase vesical em equino pela técnica cirúrgica de laparocistotomia parainguinal a campo. Para isso, foi realizado atendimento de um equino macho, sem raça definida, com histórico de disúria e hematúria exacerbada após exercício. Após realização de exame clínico, a suspeita diagnóstica de urolitíase vesical foi confirmada por meio de ultrassonografia transretal, sendo indicado o tratamento cirúrgico. Diante da impossibilidade de realização do procedimento em centro cirúrgico, optou-se por operá-lo em condições a campo. Para o acesso à cavidade abdominal, optou-se pela laparotomia parainguinal. A bexiga foi localizada e esvaziada por punção. Procedeu-se cistotomia para remoção do urólito, seguida da lavagem da bexiga com solução fisiológica para remoção de possíveis detritos. A cistorrafia foi realizada em dois planos de sutura do tipo Schmieden-Cushing, com fio absorvível sintético, seguida pela laparorrafia. O pós-operatório consistiu em curativos diários da ferida cirúrgica, duchas e administração de antimicrobiano e anti-inflamatório. Conclui-se que o exame ultrassonográfico foi fundamental para o correto diagnóstico e que a escolha da técnica cirúrgica de laparocistotomia parainguinal realizada a campo oferece resultados satisfatórios para o tratamento de equino com urolitíase vesical.
Urolithiasis is a rare condition, but it is considered an emergency in the equine routine. The present work reports a correction case of vesical urolithiasis in equines by the surgical technique of parainguinal laparocystotomy in the field. A male horse, of mixed breed, with a history of dysuria and exacerbated hematuria after exercise was treated. After performing the clinical examination, the diagnostic suspicion of bladder urolithiasis was confirmed through transrectal ultrasonography and the surgical treatment was indicated. Given the impossibility of performing the procedure in the operating room, it was decided to operate the animal in field conditions. For access to the abdominal cavity, parainguinal laparotomy was chosen. The bladder was located and emptied by puncture. A cystotomy was performed to remove the urolith, followed by washing the bladder with saline solution to remove possible debris. The cistorrhaphy was performed in two planes of Schmieden-Cushing suture, with synthetic absorbable suture, followed by laparorrhaphy. The postoperative period consisted of daily dressings of the surgical wound, showers, and administration of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory. It is concluded that the ultrasound examination was essential for the correct diagnosis and that the choice of the surgical technique of parainguinal laparocystotomy performed in the field offers satisfactory results for the treatment of horses with bladder urolithiasis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Urinary Bladder Calculi/diagnostic imaging , Urolithiasis/surgery , Horses/surgery , Laparoscopy/veterinaryABSTRACT
The Brazilian citrus orchards are comprised by few genotypes, which increases the risk of pest and disease outbreaks. The diversification of sweet oranges (Citrus × sinensis) in orchards also generates off-season revenue and extend the fruit processing period. This study aimed to evaluate several horticultural traits of 19 late-season sweet orange selections under citrus canker and huanglongbing (HLB) endemic condition in northwestern Paraná state, Brazil, in a long-term field experiment. Tree size, yield, fruit quality for fresh fruit and industrial markets, estimates of tree density and yield, and citrus canker and huanglongbing (HLB) incidences were assessed. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates and five trees per unit. The orchard was drip-irrigated and arranged at tree spacing of 6.5 m × 4.5 m. All scions were graft-compatible with Rangpur lime (C. × limonia). Valencia selections had the tallest trees and largest canopies, particularly Olinda, Frost and #121 with heights and volumes greater than 4.20 m and 43 m3, respectively. Natal África do Sul and Whit's Late Valencia trees were the most productive with cumulative yields above 640 kg per tree. Most of the selections produced fruits of excellent physicochemical quality attending the fresh fruit and industrial market requirements. All selections showed similar horticultural characteristics for the fresh market, while Natal África do Sul and Charmute de Brotas were more suitable for juice processing. Frost Valencia and Valencia Late Fla. had the highest incidence of citrus canker on fruits (>20%), whereas IPR Folha Murcha, Charmute de Brotas and some Valencia selections (Chafeei Late, Campbell 479, Campbell 294, Olinda, Mutação and Whit's Late) exihibed low incidence (3.0-17.7%). At 9 years, Valencia Mutação trees had high HLB incidence (93%). In contrast, Natal IAC and Folha Murcha IAC showed the lowest HLB incidence (13%). Our results revealed that Natal IAC, Folha Murcha IAC, IPR Folha Murcha, Natal Murcha, Campbell 479 Valencia and Valencia Late Fla. had the best horticultural performance in addition to low HLB incidence. Together, these late-season sweet oranges are the most advantageous selections for citrus orchard diversification under citrus canker and HLB endemic conditions in humid subtropical regions.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a adequação e utilidade de aplicativos móveis voltados para reabilitação da incontinência urinária na população masculina. Método estudo descritivo, realizado com aplicativos direcionados à reabilitação da incontinência urinária masculina. Os aplicativos foram obtidos na Play Store e App Store. A busca foi realizada entre 3 e 10 de maio de 2021, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram utilizados os termos "incontinência urinária", "incontinencia urinaria", "urinary incontinence" e "Kegel" para seleção. Os aplicativos foram descritos e avaliados conforme estabelecido nos itens da Applications Scoring System. Resultados Vinte e dois aplicativos foram selecionados. Três eram específicos para homens; três abordavam exercícios para fortalecimento da musculatura pélvica e diário miccional simultaneamente; e cinco eram compatíveis com ambas as lojas virtuais. Conclusão a maioria dos aplicativos disponíveis possui funcionalidades e informações limitadas acerca da incontinência urinária masculina. Espera-se que esse estudo contribua para o desenvolvimento de softwares mais abrangentes e adequados à população masculina com incontinência urinária.
ABSTRACT Objective to evaluate the suitability and usefulness of mobile apps aimed at urinary incontinence rehabilitation in the male population. Method descriptive study, carried out with apps directed to the rehabilitation of male urinary incontinence. The apps were obtained from the Play Store and App Store. The search was conducted between May 3 and 10, 2021, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. The terms "urinary incontinence", "incontinencia urinaria", "urinary incontinence", and "Kegel" were used for selection. The applications were described and evaluated as established in the Applications Scoring System items. Results Twenty-two apps were selected. Three were specific for men; three addressed exercises for pelvic muscle strengthening and voiding diary simultaneously; and five were compatible with both online stores. Conclusion most of the available apps have limited functionality and information about male urinary incontinence. This study is expected to contribute to the development of more comprehensive and appropriate software for the male urinary incontinent population.
RESUMEN Objetivo evaluar la idoneidad y utilidad de las aplicaciones móviles para la rehabilitación de la incontinencia urinaria en la población masculina. Método estudio descriptivo, realizado con aplicaciones dirigidas a la rehabilitación de la incontinencia urinaria masculina. Las aplicaciones se obtuvieron de Play Store y App Store. La búsqueda se realizó entre el 3 y el 10 de mayo de 2021 en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Para la selección se utilizaron los términos "incontinência urinária", "incontinencia urinaria", "urinary incontinence" e "Kegel". Las solicitudes fueron descritas y evaluadas según lo establecido en los ítems del Applications Scoring System. Resultados Se seleccionaron 22 aplicaciones. Tres eran específicos para hombres; tres abordaban ejercicios para fortalecer la musculatura pélvica y miccional simultáneamente; y cinco eran compatibles con ambas salas virtuales. Conclusión la mayoría de las aplicaciones disponibles tienen funcionalidades e información limitada sobre la incontinencia urinaria masculina. Se espera que este estudio contribuya al desarrollo de softwares más completos y adecuados para la población masculina con incontinencia urinaria.
Subject(s)
Urinary Incontinence , Digital Technology , MenABSTRACT
Resumo A Saúde Coletiva brasileira analisou frequentemente o neoliberalismo como um fenômeno de esvaziamento do papel do Estado e de ameaça à saúde pública e universal. Tomando como subsídio o pensamento governamental de Foucault, discutimos o neoliberalismo como uma profunda metamorfose, não apenas do Estado, mas dos modos de produção de saúde. Enquanto atualização permanente do liberalismo, o governo neoliberal modifica as fronteiras entre público e privado e fabrica novas formas de normalidade, risco e subjetividade, progressivamente subordinados à verdade da economia e do mercado. Esta racionalidade econômica cria ideais de saúde inspirados em técnicas gerenciais de empresas e produz novas verdades biológicas, sanitárias, psicológicas. Restrita a "empresários bem-sucedidos de si mesmos", a saúde pode se transformar em uma escolha moral e econômica em relação ao comportamento e ao risco individual, desresponsabilizando o Estado e criando um tipo de cidadania econômica destituída de solidariedade. Contudo, o jogo em torno de instituições e práticas de saúde não empresariais segue em aberto. Cabe-nos colocar em dúvida as formas de vida "responsáveis" e "seguras" que foram inventadas para nós, e desenvolver outras governamentalidades menos excludentes e desiguais em relação às que temos naturalizado e praticado.
Abstract Brazilian Public Health has often analyzed neoliberalism as a phenomenon of emptying the role of the State and a threat to public and universal health. Taking Foucault's governmental thought as a subsidy, we discuss neoliberalism as a profound metamorphosis, not only of the State, but of health production. As a permanent update of liberalism, the neoliberal government changes the boundaries between public and private and produces new forms of normality, risk and subjectivity, progressively subordinate to the truth of the logic of the economy and the market. This economic rationality creates new ideals of health, inspired by management techniques of corporations, and produces new biological, sanitary, psychological truths. Restricted to "successful self-entrepreneurs", health may become a moral and economic choice in relation to individual behavior and risk, making the State not responsible and creating a type of economic citizenship devoid of solidarity. However, the game around non-corporate health institutions and practices remains open. It is up to us to question the "responsible" and "safe" life forms that were invented for us and to develop other governmentalities that are less excluding and unequal compared to those that we have naturalized and practiced.
Subject(s)
Politics , State , Government , Health Policy , BrazilABSTRACT
Drawing on multiple sources, this article presents an analysis of a national survey implemented by Street Clinic teams in Brazil on the homeless population and the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the lens of certain ethical-political principles and methodological decisions, we focus our analysis on discourses about who lives and works on the streets during the pandemic, connecting discourse with experience. From the perspective of governmentality and biopolitics, we seek to shed light on power relations that reveal modes of government embodied at the street level - mainly related to isolation measures and social distancing - to create tensions surrounding the emergence of the notion of the homeless population in the midst of the pandemic. We conclude with a discussion of the precariousness that circumscribes life on the streets as a shared condition, and search for ways to comprehend forms of resistance and the right to exist.
El artículo presenta un análisis basado en diversas fuentes de una encuesta nacional realizada con el equipo de Consultorios en la Calle en Brasil sobre la población en situación de calle y la pandemia de Covid-19. A través de ciertos principios ético-políticos y apuestas metodológicas, dirigimos nuestra mirada al discurso sobre quién vive y trabaja en las calles durante la pandemia, entrecruzando el discurso y la experiencia. De esta manera, buscamos desvelar las relaciones de poder, desde la perspectiva de la gubernamentalidad y la biopolítica, que permiten mostrar los modos de gobierno encarnados en la calle principalmente a partir de las medidas de aislamiento y distanciamiento social para tensionar el surgimiento de la noción de población en situación de calle, en este escenario pandémico. Por último, discutimos nociones de precariedad que circunscriben la vida en la calle como condición compartida, en busca de pistas sobre formas de resistencia y el derecho a aparecer.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/prevention & control , Government Regulation , Health Policy , Ill-Housed Persons , Physical Distancing , Safety-net Providers/legislation & jurisprudence , Vulnerable Populations , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Delivery of Health Care/legislation & jurisprudence , Delivery of Health Care/organization & administration , Health Care Surveys , Humans , Pandemics , Safety-net Providers/organization & administration , Social JusticeABSTRACT
Monitoring water quality is a fundamental process to ensure proper anthropogenic usage and environmental protection of this resource. This study collected monthly measurements of 9 parameters (pH, Temperature, BOD, Total Solids, Thermotolerant Coliforms, Dissolved Oxygen, Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus) in 5 sampling stations along the Marrecas water stream, during a 1-year period. Temporal and seasonal variations were analyzed and interpreted for each element, explaining how specific geographical and anthropogenic factors affected the water body. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to evaluate each element's correlation and to reduce the number of parameters, easing the assessment of water quality for each location. Results were followed by the creation of an improved index for the region, which could better estimate the quality of water, only considering 4 of the original parameters. It was also recognized that each water body possesses several subtleties that impact on how its water quality should be measured and indexed into a single value, which validates the case for the creation of regional WQI's.
Subject(s)
Water Pollutants, Chemical , Water Quality , Brazil , Environmental Monitoring , Phosphorus/analysis , Principal Component Analysis , Rivers , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysisABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The TWIST (Testicular Work-up for Ischemia and Suspected Torsion) score was developed to allow for expedited diagnosis of testicular torsion (TT) in children based on clinical variables: edema (2 points), hard mass (2), absent cremasteric reflex (1), high-riding testis (1) and nausea/vomiting (1). We sought to validate the TWIST Score applied by non-expert physicians for the diagnosis of testicular torsion in an adult population. METHODS: We prospectively analyzed all consecutive males presenting to a tertiary hospital with acute scrotum. Patients with previous scrotal pathology or trauma were excluded. Physical examination was performed by a general surgeon and variables of TWIST were recorded. All patients underwent Scrotal Doppler Ultrasound. Measures of accuracy of the TWIST score and ROC curves were generated to evaluate its performance in diagnosing TT in adults. RESULTS: Of 68 patients, 34 had TT (50%). Median age was 24.9 years. According to the original cutoffs of TWIST, 23 patients had a score ≤ 2 among which none had TT. Fifteen patients had a score of 3-4, among which seven had TT. Thirty patients had a score ≥ 5, among which 27 had TT. All 18 patients with a score of 6 or greater had TT (100% PPV). ROC curve revealed an AUC of 0.95. CONCLUSION: The TWIST Score is valid for the diagnosis of Testicular Torsion in adults, presenting a PPV of 90% for a cutoff of 5 points and 100% for six points. In all patients with a score of 2 or less, the disease could be safely excluded (100% NPV).
Subject(s)
Physical Examination , Spermatic Cord Torsion/diagnosis , Adult , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of including wet brewery waste (WBW) as the exclusive dietary roughage source on the characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of feedlot-finished lambs. Thirty-two non-castrated male lambs weaned at 50 days of age, resulting from the cross between the Texel and Ile de France breeds, were used. The diet was constituted by roughage (WBW) and a concentrate composed of crushed maize, soybean meal, limestone and common salt. Treatments consisted of four levels of WBW as the roughage source in the diet (% dry matter), namely, 31, 44, 57 and 70%. Lambs were slaughtered upon reaching 34 kg live weight. The treatments resulted in a linear decrease in hot and cold carcass weights and yields, carcass compactness index, conformation, degree of fatness and rib-eye area. Among the primal cuts, the absolute weights of pallet, ribs and legs decreased as the WBW level was increased. As to the non-carcass components, only the total gastrointestinal content increased linearly with WBW. The increasing levels of WBW led to greater fasting losses and reduced carcass weights and yields. There was also a reduction in the degree of fatness, carcass compactness, carcass conformation index and rib-eye area Wet brewery waste at the concentration of 31% as the roughage source in the diet of finishing lambs in the feedlot provides better carcass traits.
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC) como fonte exclusiva de volumoso sobre as características da carcaça e dos componentes não-carcaça de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros, machos, não castrados, desmamados com 50 dias de idade e provenientes de cruzamento entre as raças Texel e Ile de France. A dieta foi composta por volumoso, sendo este o RUC, e por concentrado composto de milho desintegrado, farelo de soja, calcário calcítico e sal comum. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro teores de RUC como volumoso da dieta (% da MS), sendo: 31, 44, 57 e 70%. Os cordeiros foram abatidos quando atingiram 34 kg de peso vivo. Os tratamentos exerceram influência negativa de maneira linear decrescente sobre os pesos e rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria, índice de compacidade de carcaça, conformação, estado de engorduramento e área de olho de lombo. Entre os cortes comerciais, a medida que aumentou o nível de RUC diminuíram os pesos absolutos de paleta, costilhar e perna. Quando avaliados os componentes não-carcaça, verificou-se que apenas o conteúdo gastrointestinal total aumentou linearmente com a elevação do teor de RUC. O aumento da inclusão de RUC levou a maiores perdas por jejum e reduziu os pesos e rendimentos de carcaça. Também ocorreu redução no estado de engorduramento, no índice de compacidade e conformação da carcaça, bem como da área de olho de lombo. O teor de 31% de RUC como alimento volumoso na terminação de cordeiros em confinamento proporcionou melhores características na carcaça dos animais.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Diet/veterinary , Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Sheep/growth & developmentABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted in the Sheep Farming Laboratory at the Federal University of Santa Maria to examine the effect of different levels of replacement of sorghum silage with soybean pre-cleaning by product (SPCB) on nutrient intake, performance and feeding behavior; as well as to undertake an economic analysis of feeding finishing lambs in a feedlot system. The study involved 32 uncastrated Texel × Ile de France crossbred male lambs weaned at 60 days of age. Treatments consisted of diets in which the roughage source (sorghum silage) was replaced with SPCB at the levels of 0, 33.5, 66.5 or 100% (DM basis). A 45:55 roughage:concentrate ratio was used (DM basis). The diets were composed of a roughage feed based on sorghum silage and/or SPCB, and a concentrate consisting of crushed maize, soybean meal and limestone. In addition, mineral salt was freely available to the animals. The lambs were slaughtered upon reaching the pre-established live weight of 35 kg. Intake on a DM basis showed a quadratic response (P ≤ 0.05) in all forms it was evaluated and expressed, except for the NDF fraction, which increased linearly (P ≤ 0.05) with SPCB inclusion. Average daily weight gain was not significantly influenced (P > 0.05) by the different SPCB levels, averaging 292 g/day. As regards the feeding behavior characteristics evaluated, the number of daily feeding bouts increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) with the SPCB content of the diets. Total feed cost decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.01), whereas the profit per kilogram of gain and profit obtained per day in the feedlot period increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) with SPCB inclusion. The use of soybean pre-cleaning by-product as the roughage source in the finishing of feedlot lambs proved to be a viable alternative in both the productive and economic terms.
O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Ovinocultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes teores de substituição da silagem de sorgo por coderivado da pré limpeza de soja (CPLS), sobre o consumo de nutrientes, o desempenho e o comportamento ingestivo, assim como realizar análise econômica da alimentação na terminação de cordeiros em sistema de confinamento. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros machos, não castrados, cruza Texel x Ile de France, desmamados aos 60 dias de idade. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por diferentes teores de substituição do alimento volumoso (silagem de sorgo) por coderivado da pré-limpeza de soja em teores de 0%, 33,5%, 66,5% e 100% de substituição, com base na MS. Utilizou-se uma relação volumoso:concentrado de 45:55, com base na matéria seca. As rações eram compostas por volumoso a base de silagem de sorgo e/ou coderivados da pré-limpeza de soja, e o concentrado composto por milho desintegrado, farelo de soja e calcário calcítico. Além disso, foi fornecido sal mineral à vontade para os animais. Os cordeiros foram abatidos quando atingiram o peso pré-estabelecido de 35 kg de peso vivo. Os consumos em base na MS apresentaram comportamento quadrático (P ≤ 0,05), em todas as formas que foram avaliados e expressos, exceto o consumo de FDN que apresentou comportamento linear crescente (P ≤ 0,05) com o aumento dos teores de CPLS. O ganho de peso médio diário, não foi influenciado significativamente (P > 0,05) pelos diferentes teores de CPLS, com valor médio de 292 gramas por dia. Quanto às características do comportamento ingestivo avaliadas, observou-se que o número diário de refeições aumentou linearmente (P ≤ 0,01) com o incremento do teor de CPLS nas rações. O custo total diminuiu linearmente (P ≤ 0,01) enquanto que o lucro por kg de ganho e o lucro obtido por dia no período de confinamento aumentaram linearmente (P ≤ 0,01) com a elevação da inclusão de [...].
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Diet/veterinary , Sheep/growth & development , Sheep/metabolism , Animal Feed/economicsABSTRACT
An experiment was conducted in the Sheep Farming Laboratory at the Federal University of Santa Maria to examine the effect of different levels of replacement of sorghum silage with soybean pre-cleaning by product (SPCB) on nutrient intake, performance and feeding behavior; as well as to undertake an economic analysis of feeding finishing lambs in a feedlot system. The study involved 32 uncastrated Texel × Ile de France crossbred male lambs weaned at 60 days of age. Treatments consisted of diets in which the roughage source (sorghum silage) was replaced with SPCB at the levels of 0, 33.5, 66.5 or 100% (DM basis). A 45:55 roughage:concentrate ratio was used (DM basis). The diets were composed of a roughage feed based on sorghum silage and/or SPCB, and a concentrate consisting of crushed maize, soybean meal and limestone. In addition, mineral salt was freely available to the animals. The lambs were slaughtered upon reaching the pre-established live weight of 35 kg. Intake on a DM basis showed a quadratic response (P ≤ 0.05) in all forms it was evaluated and expressed, except for the NDF fraction, which increased linearly (P ≤ 0.05) with SPCB inclusion. Average daily weight gain was not significantly influenced (P > 0.05) by the different SPCB levels, averaging 292 g/day. As regards the feeding behavior characteristics evaluated, the number of daily feeding bouts increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) with the SPCB content of the diets. Total feed cost decreased linearly (P ≤ 0.01), whereas the profit per kilogram of gain and profit obtained per day in the feedlot period increased linearly (P ≤ 0.01) with SPCB inclusion. The use of soybean pre-cleaning by-product as the roughage source in the finishing of feedlot lambs proved to be a viable alternative in both the productive and economic terms.(AU)
O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Ovinocultura da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes teores de substituição da silagem de sorgo por coderivado da pré limpeza de soja (CPLS), sobre o consumo de nutrientes, o desempenho e o comportamento ingestivo, assim como realizar análise econômica da alimentação na terminação de cordeiros em sistema de confinamento. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros machos, não castrados, cruza Texel x Ile de France, desmamados aos 60 dias de idade. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por diferentes teores de substituição do alimento volumoso (silagem de sorgo) por coderivado da pré-limpeza de soja em teores de 0%, 33,5%, 66,5% e 100% de substituição, com base na MS. Utilizou-se uma relação volumoso:concentrado de 45:55, com base na matéria seca. As rações eram compostas por volumoso a base de silagem de sorgo e/ou coderivados da pré-limpeza de soja, e o concentrado composto por milho desintegrado, farelo de soja e calcário calcítico. Além disso, foi fornecido sal mineral à vontade para os animais. Os cordeiros foram abatidos quando atingiram o peso pré-estabelecido de 35 kg de peso vivo. Os consumos em base na MS apresentaram comportamento quadrático (P ≤ 0,05), em todas as formas que foram avaliados e expressos, exceto o consumo de FDN que apresentou comportamento linear crescente (P ≤ 0,05) com o aumento dos teores de CPLS. O ganho de peso médio diário, não foi influenciado significativamente (P > 0,05) pelos diferentes teores de CPLS, com valor médio de 292 gramas por dia. Quanto às características do comportamento ingestivo avaliadas, observou-se que o número diário de refeições aumentou linearmente (P ≤ 0,01) com o incremento do teor de CPLS nas rações. O custo total diminuiu linearmente (P ≤ 0,01) enquanto que o lucro por kg de ganho e o lucro obtido por dia no período de confinamento aumentaram linearmente (P ≤ 0,01) com a elevação da inclusão de [...].(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Sheep/growth & development , Sheep/metabolism , Diet/veterinary , Animal Feed/economicsABSTRACT
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of including wet brewery waste (WBW) as the exclusive dietary roughage source on the characteristics of carcass and non-carcass components of feedlot-finished lambs. Thirty-two non-castrated male lambs weaned at 50 days of age, resulting from the cross between the Texel and Ile de France breeds, were used. The diet was constituted by roughage (WBW) and a concentrate composed of crushed maize, soybean meal, limestone and common salt. Treatments consisted of four levels of WBW as the roughage source in the diet (% dry matter), namely, 31, 44, 57 and 70%. Lambs were slaughtered upon reaching 34 kg live weight. The treatments resulted in a linear decrease in hot and cold carcass weights and yields, carcass compactness index, conformation, degree of fatness and rib-eye area. Among the primal cuts, the absolute weights of pallet, ribs and legs decreased as the WBW level was increased. As to the non-carcass components, only the total gastrointestinal content increased linearly with WBW. The increasing levels of WBW led to greater fasting losses and reduced carcass weights and yields. There was also a reduction in the degree of fatness, carcass compactness, carcass conformation index and rib-eye area Wet brewery waste at the concentration of 31% as the roughage source in the diet of finishing lambs in the feedlot provides better carcass traits.(AU)
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da inclusão de resíduo úmido de cervejaria (RUC) como fonte exclusiva de volumoso sobre as características da carcaça e dos componentes não-carcaça de cordeiros terminados em confinamento. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros, machos, não castrados, desmamados com 50 dias de idade e provenientes de cruzamento entre as raças Texel e Ile de France. A dieta foi composta por volumoso, sendo este o RUC, e por concentrado composto de milho desintegrado, farelo de soja, calcário calcítico e sal comum. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por quatro teores de RUC como volumoso da dieta (% da MS), sendo: 31, 44, 57 e 70%. Os cordeiros foram abatidos quando atingiram 34 kg de peso vivo. Os tratamentos exerceram influência negativa de maneira linear decrescente sobre os pesos e rendimentos de carcaça quente e fria, índice de compacidade de carcaça, conformação, estado de engorduramento e área de olho de lombo. Entre os cortes comerciais, a medida que aumentou o nível de RUC diminuíram os pesos absolutos de paleta, costilhar e perna. Quando avaliados os componentes não-carcaça, verificou-se que apenas o conteúdo gastrointestinal total aumentou linearmente com a elevação do teor de RUC. O aumento da inclusão de RUC levou a maiores perdas por jejum e reduziu os pesos e rendimentos de carcaça. Também ocorreu redução no estado de engorduramento, no índice de compacidade e conformação da carcaça, bem como da área de olho de lombo. O teor de 31% de RUC como alimento volumoso na terminação de cordeiros em confinamento proporcionou melhores características na carcaça dos animais.(AU)