Long-term outcomes of transmesenteric portal vein recanalization for the treatment of chronic portal vein thrombosis after pediatric liver transplantation.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) may occur at any time following liver transplantation. We describe our experience with portal vein recanalization in cases of thrombosis after liver transplantation. Twenty-eight children (5%) out of 566 liver transplant recipients underwent portal vein recanalization using a transmesenteric approach. All children received left hepatic segments, developed PVT, and had symptoms or signs of portal hypertension. Portal vein recanalization was performed via the transmesenteric route in all cases. Twenty-two (78.6%) patients underwent successful recanalization and stent placement. They received oral anticoagulants after the procedure, and clinical symptoms subsided. Symptoms recurred due to portal vein restenosis/thrombosis in seven patients. On an intention-to-treat basis, the success rate of the proposed treatment was 60.7%. Only 17 out of 28 children with posttransplant chronic PVT retained stent patency (primary + assisted) at the end of the study period. In cases of portal vein obstruction, the transmesenteric approach via minilaparotomy is technically feasible with good clinical and hemodynamic results. It is an alternative procedure to reestablish the portal flow to the liver graft that can be performed in selected cases and a therapeutic addition to other treatment strategies currently used to treat chronic PVT.

Two New Species of Xenotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from the Atlantic Forest, Brazil.

Two new species, Xenotarsonemus quiriri n. sp. and Xenotarsonemus scorpius n. sp., are described and illustrated in this paper based on specimens collected on Myrtaceae plants in Atlantic Forest areas of the states of Bahia and Santa Catarina, Brazil. A key to identification of Xenotarsonemus species reported from Brazil is provided.

Síndrome de Eisenmenger em um gato / Eisenmenger syndrome in cat

A 6-month-old female, 1.0kg, uncastrated female Persian cat was brought to the Veterinary Hospital at State University of Ceara, with a history of dyspnea, prostration, hyporexia and progressive weight loss for a month. On physical examination, systolic cardiac murmur, cyanosis and dyspnea were detected. Unfortunately, the cat died during oxygen therapy. Necropsy examination revealed an increase in cardiac silhouette and ventricular septal defect of 2cm in diameter. Macroscopically the lungs were collapsed, with absent and diffusely reddish blackish crepitus, and the liver with blackish red coalescent multifocal areas, interspersed with lighter areas and lobular pattern with irregular brownish multifocal areas intercepted by brownish areas. Thus, the necropsy results together with the history and physical examination of the animal confirmed the diagnosis of Eisenmenger Syndrome, becoming the report of the first case, in a cat, in Brazil.(AU)

Síndrome de Eisenmenger em um gato / Eisenmenger syndrome in cat

A 6-month-old female, 1.0kg, uncastrated female Persian cat was brought to the Veterinary Hospital at State University of Ceara, with a history of dyspnea, prostration, hyporexia and progressive weight loss for a month. On physical examination, systolic cardiac murmur, cyanosis and dyspnea were detected. Unfortunately, the cat died during oxygen therapy. Necropsy examination revealed an increase in cardiac silhouette and ventricular septal defect of 2cm in diameter. Macroscopically the lungs were collapsed, with absent and diffusely reddish blackish crepitus, and the liver with blackish red coalescent multifocal areas, interspersed with lighter areas and lobular pattern with irregular brownish multifocal areas intercepted by brownish areas. Thus, the necropsy results together with the history and physical examination of the animal confirmed the diagnosis of Eisenmenger Syndrome, becoming the report of the first case, in a cat, in Brazil.(AU)

Efficiency of water use and nitrogen for goat milk production in irrigated pasture to different management / Eficiência de uso de água e nitrogênio para produção de leite de cabra em pastagem irrigada sob diferentes manejos

The aim was to determine the efficiency of use of water and nitrogen for forage production and goat-milk production on an irrigated Tanzania Guineagrass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) pasture subjected to different management practices. The management levels tested were combinations among nitrogen fertilization levels and post-grazing residual heights (ResH): Intensive (ResH = 33.0cm and 600.0kg N/ha.year-1); Moderate (ResH = 47.0cm and 300.0kg N/ha.year-1); Light (ResH = 47cm and 0kg N/ha.year-1); and Conventional (ResH = 33cm and 0kg N/ha year-1). The efficiency of water use for forage production was higher in intensive and Moderate management. The Conventional management was recommended only for forage production since there is no nitrogen input available because this result was similar to Intensive management in water efficiency. The efficiency of water use to produce goat milk was higher in Intensive management. Moderate management presented higher efficiency of nitrogen to produce forage. On the other hand, Intensive management was more efficient using nitrogen in goat milk production. The amount of water needed to produce one liter of goat milk varied from 893.20 to 3,933.50L. In the moderate management, up to 121.48kg forage and 21.56kg of milk were produced for every kilogram of N utilized. Intensive management is advantageous for water use efficiency as well nitrogen efficiency to produce goat milk in cultivated pasture.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar a eficiência de uso de água e nitrogênio para a produção de forragem e de leite de cabra em pasto irrigado de capim-tanzânia, submetido a diferentes manejos. Os manejos testados foram combinações entre níveis de adubação nitrogenada e alturas residuais pós-pastejo (Altr): intensivo (Altr = 33,0cm e 600,0kg N/ha.ano-1); moderado (Altr = 47,0cm e 300,0kg N/ha.ano-1); leve (Altr = 47,0cm e 0kg N/ha.ano-1) e convencional (Altr = 33,0cm e 0kg N/ha.ano-1). A eficiência do uso de água para produção de forragem foi obtida nos manejos intensivo e moderado. O manejo convencional só foi interessante no caso da produção de forragem em situação de ausência de nitrogênio, não diferindo do manejo intensivo para a eficiência de uso de água. A eficiência de uso de água para a produção de leite foi maior no intensivo. A maior eficiência do uso de nitrogênio para produzir forragem foi no moderado, enquanto a maior eficiência de nitrogênio para a produção de leite foi no intensivo. A quantidade de água para produzir um litro de leite de cabra variou de 893,20 em manejo intensivo a 3.933,50L em convencional. Manejo intensivo é vantajoso para eficiência de uso de água e nitrogênio para a produção de forragem e de leite de cabra.(AU)

Efficiency of water use and nitrogen for goat milk production in irrigated pasture to different management / Eficiência de uso de água e nitrogênio para produção de leite de cabra em pastagem irrigada sob diferentes manejos

The aim was to determine the efficiency of use of water and nitrogen for forage production and goat-milk production on an irrigated Tanzania Guineagrass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia) pasture subjected to different management practices. The management levels tested were combinations among nitrogen fertilization levels and post-grazing residual heights (ResH): Intensive (ResH = 33.0cm and 600.0kg N/ha.year-1); Moderate (ResH = 47.0cm and 300.0kg N/ha.year-1); Light (ResH = 47cm and 0kg N/ha.year-1); and Conventional (ResH = 33cm and 0kg N/ha year-1). The efficiency of water use for forage production was higher in intensive and Moderate management. The Conventional management was recommended only for forage production since there is no nitrogen input available because this result was similar to Intensive management in water efficiency. The efficiency of water use to produce goat milk was higher in Intensive management. Moderate management presented higher efficiency of nitrogen to produce forage. On the other hand, Intensive management was more efficient using nitrogen in goat milk production. The amount of water needed to produce one liter of goat milk varied from 893.20 to 3,933.50L. In the moderate management, up to 121.48kg forage and 21.56kg of milk were produced for every kilogram of N utilized. Intensive management is advantageous for water use efficiency as well nitrogen efficiency to produce goat milk in cultivated pasture.(AU)

Objetivou-se determinar a eficiência de uso de água e nitrogênio para a produção de forragem e de leite de cabra em pasto irrigado de capim-tanzânia, submetido a diferentes manejos. Os manejos testados foram combinações entre níveis de adubação nitrogenada e alturas residuais pós-pastejo (Altr): intensivo (Altr = 33,0cm e 600,0kg N/ha.ano-1); moderado (Altr = 47,0cm e 300,0kg N/ha.ano-1); leve (Altr = 47,0cm e 0kg N/ha.ano-1) e convencional (Altr = 33,0cm e 0kg N/ha.ano-1). A eficiência do uso de água para produção de forragem foi obtida nos manejos intensivo e moderado. O manejo convencional só foi interessante no caso da produção de forragem em situação de ausência de nitrogênio, não diferindo do manejo intensivo para a eficiência de uso de água. A eficiência de uso de água para a produção de leite foi maior no intensivo. A maior eficiência do uso de nitrogênio para produzir forragem foi no moderado, enquanto a maior eficiência de nitrogênio para a produção de leite foi no intensivo. A quantidade de água para produzir um litro de leite de cabra variou de 893,20 em manejo intensivo a 3.933,50L em convencional. Manejo intensivo é vantajoso para eficiência de uso de água e nitrogênio para a produção de forragem e de leite de cabra.(AU)

Aspectos biológicos de Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) em maracujazeiro / Biological aspects of Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) on yellow passion fruit

Considerando a ocorrência do ácaro Brevipalpus obovatus (Donnadieu, 1875) (Acari, Tenuipalpidae) em cultivos de maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. - Passifloraceae) no Estado da Bahia, a biologia dessa espécie foi estudada para avaliar o desenvolvimento e a reprodução em folhas de maracujá amarelo. O estudo foi conduzido em laboratório a 25 ± 1° C, 70 ± 10% de umidade relativa e 12 horas de fotofase. O período de ovo a adulto foi de 19,11 ± 0,16 dias, com sobrevivência de 86,11%. A longevidade média das fêmeas foi de 37,69 ± 3,06 dias e a oviposição média diária de 1,29 ± 0,05 ovos/fêmea. A razão intrínseca de aumento (rm) foi de 0,064, a razão finita de aumento (λ) de 1,066 fêmeas/fêmea/dia, a duração média de uma geração (T) de 38,94 dias e a taxa líquida de reprodução (Ro) de 12,13. Os resultados indicam que o maracujazeiro amarelo é um hospedeiro favorável ao desenvolvimento e reprodução de B. obovatus.

Considering the occurrence of Brevipalpus obovatus (Donnadieu, 1875) (Acari, Tenuipalpidae) in passion fruit orchards (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. ­ Passifloraceae) in the state of Bahia, Brazil, the biology of this species was studied to evaluate the development and reproduction on yellow passion fruit leaves. The study was carried out in the laboratory at 25 ± 1° C, 70 ± 10% of relative humidity and 12 h of photophase. The egg to adult period was 19.11 ± 0.16 days, with 86.11% survival. The female average longevity was 37.69 ± 3.06 days and the daily average oviposition was 1.29 ± 0.05 eggs/female. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.064; the finite rate of increase (λ) was 1.066 females/female/day; the average generation time (T) was 38.94 days and the net rate of reproduction (Ro) was 12.13. The results indicated that the yellow passion fruit is a favorable host for the development and reproduction of B. obovatus.

ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS DE BREVIPALPUS OBOVATUS DONNADIEU (ACARI: TENUIPALPIDAE) EM MARACUJAZEIRO

ABSTRACT Considering the occurrence of Brevipalpus obovatus (Donnadieu, 1875) (Acari, Tenuipalpidae) in passion fruit orchards (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. Passifloraceae) in the state of Bahia, Brazil, the biology of this species was studied to evaluate the development and reproduction on yellow passion fruit leaves. The study was carried out in the laboratory at 25 ± 1° C, 70 ± 10% of relative humidity and 12 h of photophase. The egg to adult period was 19.11 ± 0.16 days, with 86.11% survival. The female average longevity was 37.69 ± 3.06 days and the daily average oviposition was 1.29 ± 0.05 eggs/female. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was 0.064; the finite rate of increase () was 1.066 females/female/day; the average generation time (T) was 38.94 days and the net rate of reproduction (Ro) was 12.13. The results indicated that the yellow passion fruit is a favorable host for the development and reproduction of B. obovatus.

RESUMO Considerando a ocorrência do ácaro Brevipalpus obovatus (Donnadieu, 1875) (Acari, Tenuipalpidae) em cultivos de maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. - Passifloraceae) no Estado da Bahia, a biologia dessa espécie foi estudada para avaliar o desenvolvimento e a reprodução em folhas de maracujá amarelo. O estudo foi conduzido em laboratório a 25 ± 1° C, 70 ± 10% de umidade relativa e 12 horas de fotofase. O período de ovo a adulto foi de 19,11 ± 0,16 dias, com sobrevivência de 86,11%. A longevidade média das fêmeas foi de 37,69 ± 3,06 dias e a oviposição média diária de 1,29 ± 0,05 ovos/fêmea. A razão intrínseca de aumento (rm) foi de 0,064, a razão finita de aumento () de 1,066 fêmeas/fêmea/dia, a duração média de uma geração (T) de 38,94 dias e a taxa líquida de reprodução (Ro) de 12,13. Os resultados indicam que o maracujazeiro amarelo é um hospedeiro favorável ao desenvolvimento e reprodução de B. obovatus.

Risk factors for infection by Toxoplasma gondii in herds of goats in Ceará, Brazil / Fatores de risco para infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii em rebanhos de caprinos no Ceará, Brasil

In order to identify possible risk factors for T. gondii infection in goat herds in Ceará, Brazil, 2362 serum samples were tested by ELISA. The serological prevalence was 25.1 percent. The risk factors identified for Toxoplasma gondii infection in goat herds were age, number of cats, use of wooden feeding troughs and absence of feeding troughs. Goats older than 37 months had 2.01 (CI 95 percent; 1.55 - 2.61) higher risk of infection than younger animals. Greater risk of infection was observed in farms with more than 10 cats (OR = 1.73; CI 95 percent; 1.01 - 3.33). The use of wooden feeding troughs represented a high probability of infection (OR = 7.81; CI 95 percent; 1.66 - 36.67). The lack of feeding troughs also represented a high probability of infection (OR = 5.50; CI 95 percent; 1.24 - 24.39).

Com o objetivo de se identificarem os fatores de risco associados à presença de infecção por toxoplasmose em rebanhos caprinos no estado do Ceará, Brasil, soros sanguíneos de 2362 caprinos foram testados por meio de ELISA. A prevalência estimada pelo ELISA foi 25,1 por cento. Os fatores de risco identificados nas propriedades foram: idade dos animais, número de gatos, comedouro manufaturado de madeira e ausência de comedouro. Em caprinos com mais de 37 meses de idade o risco de estarem infectados pelo T. gondii foi 2,01 vezes maior (IC 95 por cento; 1,55 - 2,61) que em animais mais jovens. Maior risco de infecção foi observado em fazendas com mais de 10 gatos (OR = 1,73; IC 95 por cento 1,01 - 3,33). Quando a propriedade utilizava comedouros de madeira, o risco de estarem infectados foi também maior (OR = 7.81; IC 95 por cento; 1.66 - 36.67). Animais oriundos de propriedades sem comedouro também apresentaram alto risco de infecção (OR = 5.50; IC 95 por cento; 1,24 - 24,39).

Risk factors for infection by Toxoplasma gondii in herds of goats in Ceará, Brazil / Fatores de risco para infecção pelo Toxoplasma gondii em rebanhos de caprinos no Ceará, Brasil

In order to identify possible risk factors for T. gondii infection in goat herds in Ceará, Brazil, 2362 serum samples were tested by ELISA. The serological prevalence was 25.1 percent. The risk factors identified for Toxoplasma gondii infection in goat herds were age, number of cats, use of wooden feeding troughs and absence of feeding troughs. Goats older than 37 months had 2.01 (CI 95 percent; 1.55 - 2.61) higher risk of infection than younger animals. Greater risk of infection was observed in farms with more than 10 cats (OR = 1.73; CI 95 percent; 1.01 - 3.33). The use of wooden feeding troughs represented a high probability of infection (OR = 7.81; CI 95 percent; 1.66 - 36.67). The lack of feeding troughs also represented a high probability of infection (OR = 5.50; CI 95 percent; 1.24 - 24.39).(AU)

Com o objetivo de se identificarem os fatores de risco associados à presença de infecção por toxoplasmose em rebanhos caprinos no estado do Ceará, Brasil, soros sanguíneos de 2362 caprinos foram testados por meio de ELISA. A prevalência estimada pelo ELISA foi 25,1 por cento. Os fatores de risco identificados nas propriedades foram: idade dos animais, número de gatos, comedouro manufaturado de madeira e ausência de comedouro. Em caprinos com mais de 37 meses de idade o risco de estarem infectados pelo T. gondii foi 2,01 vezes maior (IC 95 por cento; 1,55 - 2,61) que em animais mais jovens. Maior risco de infecção foi observado em fazendas com mais de 10 gatos (OR = 1,73; IC 95 por cento 1,01 - 3,33). Quando a propriedade utilizava comedouros de madeira, o risco de estarem infectados foi também maior (OR = 7.81; IC 95 por cento; 1.66 - 36.67). Animais oriundos de propriedades sem comedouro também apresentaram alto risco de infecção (OR = 5.50; IC 95 por cento; 1,24 - 24,39).(AU)

Haemonchus contortus resistance to ivermectin and netobimin in Brazilian sheep.

Suffolk, Texel, Hampshire Down and Ile de France sheep from the municipalities of Porto Amazonas, Piraquara and Araucaria in the State of Paraná, and Bagé in the State of Rio Grande do Sul were brought to Sobral, State of Ceará, to be used in a cross-breeding project. On arrival they had clinical signs of nematode parasitosis, and one Suffolk female died. The animals were treated orally with ivermectin (0.2 mg kg-1) and fifteen days later with netobimin (20.0 mg kg-1). Neither drug reduced the egg counts (measured in eggs per gram, EPG) significantly, and this suggested that the nematodes in the sheep were resistant to the anthelmintics used. Haemonchus contortus was the species involved. The egg counts were reduced after oral treatment with trichlorfon (100.0 mg kg-1). Haemonchus contortus larvae obtained from these animals before trichlorfon treatment and passaged through two nematode-free sheep were used in a further experiment. Twenty 6- to 9-month-old nematode-free lambs were infected with the H. contortus larvae (10,000 per animal) and after the infection was confirmed, were randomly divided into four groups of five animals. Group I was orally treated with ivermectin at 0.2 mg kg-1, Group II with oral netobimin at 20.0 mg kg-1, Group III with oral trichlorfon at 100.0 mg kg-1 and Group IV was a non-treated control. Egg counts and faecal cultures were taken before dosing on the day of treatment and seven days later when all animals were necropsied and the nematodes were collected from the abomasa and counted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)