A New Methodology for High Spatiotemporal Resolution Measurements of Air Volatile Organic Compounds: From Sampling to Data Deconvolution.

Monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air is crucial for understanding their atmospheric impacts and advancing their emission reduction plans. This study presents an innovative integrated methodology suitable for achieving semireal-time high spatiotemporal resolution three-dimensional measurements of VOCs from ground to hundreds of meters above ground. The methodology integrates an active AirCore sampler, custom-designed for deployment from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) for sample analysis, and a data deconvolution algorithm for improved time resolution for measurements of multiple VOCs in air. The application of the deconvolution technique significantly improves the signal strength of data from PTR-MS analysis of AirCore samples and enhances their temporal resolution by 4 to 8 times to 4-11 s. A case study demonstrates that the methodology can achieve sample collection and analysis of VOCs within 45 min, resulting in >120-360 spatially resolved data points for each VOC measured and achieving a horizontal resolution of 20-55 m at a UAV flight speed of 5 m/s and a vertical resolution of 5 m. This methodology presents new possibilities for acquiring 3-dimensional spatial distributions of VOC concentrations, effectively tackling the longstanding challenge of characterizing three-dimensional VOC distributions in the lowest portion of the atmospheric boundary layer.

Hematoma expansion prediction based on SMOTE and XGBoost algorithm.

Hematoma expansion (HE) is a high risky symptom with high rate of occurrence for patients who have undergone spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) after a major accident or illness. Correct prediction of the occurrence of HE in advance is critical to help the doctors to determine the next step medical treatment. Most existing studies focus only on the occurrence of HE within 6 h after the occurrence of ICH, while in reality a considerable number of patients have HE after the first 6 h but within 24 h. In this study, based on the medical doctors recommendation, we focus on prediction of the occurrence of HE within 24 h, as well as the occurrence of HE every 6 h within 24 h. Based on the demographics and computer tomography (CT) image extraction information, we used the XGBoost method to predict the occurrence of HE within 24 h. In this study, to solve the issue of highly imbalanced data set, which is a frequent case in medical data analysis, we used the SMOTE algorithm for data augmentation. To evaluate our method, we used a data set consisting of 582 patients records, and compared the results of proposed method as well as few machine learning methods. Our experiments show that XGBoost achieved the best prediction performance on the balanced dataset processed by the SMOTE algorithm with an accuracy of 0.82 and F1-score of 0.82. Moreover, our proposed method predicts the occurrence of HE within 6, 12, 18 and 24 h at the accuracy of 0.89, 0.82, 0.87 and 0.94, indicating that the HE occurrence within 24 h can be predicted accurately by the proposed method.

Maillard Reaction Inspired Microexplosion toward Fast Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Mesoporous Tin Oxides for Efficient Chemiresistive Gas Sensing.

Two-dimensional (2D) mesoporous transition metal oxides are highly desired in various applications, but their fast and low-cost synthesis remains a great challenge. Herein, a Maillard reaction inspired microexplosion approach is applied to rapidly synthesize ultrathin 2D mesoporous tin oxide (mSnO2). During the microexplosion between granular ammonia nitrate with melanoidin at high temperature, the organic species can be carbonized and expanded rapidly due to the instantaneous release of gases, thus producing ultrathin carbonaceous templates with rich functional groups to effectively anchor SnO2 nanoparticles on the surface. The subsequent removal of carbonaceous templates via calcination in air results in the formation of 2D mSnO2 due to the confinement effect of the templates. Pd nanoparticles are controllably deposited on the surface of 2D mSnO2 via in situ reduction, forming ultrathin 2D Pd/mSnO2 nanocomposites with thicknesses of 6-8 nm. Owing to the unique 2D mesoporous structure with rich oxygen defects and highly exposed metal-metal oxide interfaces, 2D Pd/mSnO2 exhibits excellent sensing performance toward acetone with high sensitivity, a short response time, and good selectivity under low working temperature (100 °C). This fast and convenient microexplosion synthesis strategy opens up the possibility of constructing 2D porous functional materials for various applications including high-performance gas sensors.

Postsurgical Analgesic Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Parasternal Block After Auricular Reconstruction Using Autologous Costal Cartilage in Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy of ultrasound-guided parasternal block (US-PSI) in pediatric patients undergoing auricular reconstruction surgery. METHODS: For this study, the authors recruited 60 children between the ages of 5 and 12 years who underwent auricular reconstruction with autologous costal cartilage (ACC) to correct microtia. They were randomized to receive either ultrasound-guided modified parasternal block or periprostatic local infiltration anesthesia (PLIA), with 30 cases in each group. Ultrasound-guided parasternal block was administered following anesthesia induction, whereas PLIA was administered after ACC harvest. Lastly, following surgery, all children were provided with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with sufentanil, and the numeric pain rating scale (NRS) was used to assess the intensity of pain. Our primary outcomes were the resting NRS pain scores and the NRS scores upon coughing at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours postsurgery. Sufentanil consumption within the first 24 hours of surgery, the mean duration to first ambulation, and the usage of rescue analgesics were our secondary outcomes. The authors also recorded the occurrence of undesirable side effects as well as more serious side effects like pneumothorax. RESULTS: Pediatric patients who were administered US-PSI showed significantly reduced NRS chest pain scores at 6 and 12 hours postsurgery compared to those who received PLIA (P<0.05). In addition, sufentanil consumption within the first 24 hours postsurgery, duration to first ambulation, and use of rescue analgesics were significantly lower among patients in the US-PSI group when compared to those in the PLIA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that US-PSI was a highly efficacious and safe technique for postsurgical analgesia following auricular reconstruction with ACC in pediatric patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, therapeutic study.

Dural arteriovenous fistula presenting as trigeminal neuralgia: Case report and literature review.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) is quite rare, and the goal of treatment is to resolve both the fistula and the pain. Case presentation: We herein report a case of TN secondary to a DAVF in a 64-year-old woman with a 1-year history of right-sided TN. Brain magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography showed a right tentorial DAVF. Interventional embolization was performed, but the pain was not relieved after the operation. Six months later, we performed microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve. During the operation, we electrocoagulated the tortuous and dilated malformed vein, which was compressing the trigeminal nerve, to reduce its diameter and mitigate the compression on the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve. That patient's pain was relieved postoperatively. In addition, we reviewed the literature of TN caused by DAVF and found a total of 30 cases, 22 of which were treated by interventional embolization. Of these 22 cases, the interventional embolization healed the fistula with pain relief in 14 cases and healed the fistula without pain relief in 8 cases. We found that the venous drainage methods of the 8 cases were all classified into the posterior mesencephalic group. Conclusions: We believe that this drainage pattern contributes to the more common occurrence of unrelieved pain. For such patients, microvascular decompression can be performed with intraoperative coagulation to narrow the dilated veins until the cisternal segment of the trigeminal nerve is no longer compressed. Satisfactory curative effects can be obtained using this technique.

Pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Pituitary gland metastasis is an unusual event, and pituitary metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma is extremely rare and associated with poor prognosis. To date, approximately 15 cases have been reported. CASE SUMMARY: Here, we present the case of a 64-year-old woman with pituitary metastasis derived from lung adenocarcinoma, which was difficult to distinguish from other sellar tumors. The patient presented to the neurosurgery clinic with blurred vision and intermittent headache. During hospitalization, brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pituitary macroadenoma. Chest CT revealed irregular nodules in the basal segment of the lower lobe of the left lung, which were likely lung cancer. Positron emission tomography-CT revealed a carbohydrate metabolism tumor in the lungs and sellar region, which was considered malignant. Postoperative pathological examination of the sellar tumor revealed lung adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Excision of pituitary metastases combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be a priority treatment for patients with pituitary metastasis.

Differentiating Three-Dimensional Molecular Structures Using Laser-Induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging.

Coulomb explosion imaging (CEI) with x-ray free electron lasers has recently been shown to be a powerful method for obtaining detailed structural information of gas-phase planar ring molecules [R. Boll et al., X-ray multiphoton-induced Coulomb explosion images complex single molecules, Nat. Phys. 18, 423 (2022).NPAHAX1745-247310.1038/s41567-022-01507-0]. In this Letter, we investigate the potential of CEI driven by a tabletop laser and extend this approach to differentiating three-dimensional structures. We study the static CEI patterns of planar and nonplanar organic molecules that resemble the structures of typical products formed in ring-opening reactions. Our results reveal that each molecule exhibits a well-localized and distinctive pattern in three-dimensional fragment-ion momentum space. We find that these patterns yield direct information about the molecular structures and can be qualitatively reproduced using a classical Coulomb explosion simulation. Our findings suggest that laser-induced CEI can serve as a robust method for differentiating molecular structures of organic ring and chain molecules. As such, it holds great promise as a method for following ultrafast structural changes, e.g., during ring-opening reactions, by tracking the motion of individual atoms in pump-probe experiments.

Gradient Hydrogels Spatially Trapped Optical Cell Profiling for Quantitative Blood Cellular Osmotic Analysis.

The quantitative exploration of cellular osmotic responses and a thorough analysis of osmotic pressure-responsive cellular behaviors are poised to offer novel clinical insights into current research. This underscores a paradigm shift in the long-standing approach of colorimetric measurements triggered by red cell lysis. In this study, we engineered a purpose-driven optofluidic platform to facilitate the goal. Specifically, creating photocurable hydrogel traps surmounts a persistent challenge─optical signal interference from fluid disturbances. This achievement ensures a stable spatial phase of cells and the acquisition of optical signals for accurate osmotic response analysis at the single-cell level. Leveraging a multigradient microfluidic system, we constructed gradient osmotic hydrogel traps and developed an imaging recognition algorithm, empowering comprehensive analysis of cellular behaviors. Notably, this system has successfully and precisely analyzed individual and clustered cellular responses within the osmotic dimension. Prospective clinical testing has further substantiated its feasibility and performance in that it demonstrates an accuracy of 92% in discriminating complete hemolysis values (n = 25) and 100% in identifying initial hemolysis values (n = 25). Foreseeably, this strategy should promise to advance osmotic pressure-related cellular response analysis, benefiting further investigation and diagnosis of related blood diseases, blood quality, drug development, etc.

A nomogram based on radiomics and clinical information to predict prognosis in percutaneous balloon compression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a clinical-radiomics nomogram based on clinical information and radiomics features to predict the prognosis of percutaneous balloon compression (PBC) for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). METHODS: The retrospective study involved clinical data from 149 TN patients undergoing PBC at Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University from January 2018 to January 2022. The free open-source software 3D Slicer was used to extract all radiomic features from the intraoperative X-ray balloon region. The relationship between clinical information and TN prognosis was analyzed by univariate logistic analysis and multivariate logistic analysis. Using R software, the optimal radiomics features were selected using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) algorithm. A prediction model was constructed based on the clinical information and radiomic features, and a nomogram was visualized. The performance of the clinical radiomics nomogram in predicting the prognosis of PBC in TN treatment was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: A total of 149 patients were eventually included. The clinical factors influencing the prognosis of TN in univariate analysis were compression severity score and TN type. The lasso algorithm Max-Relevance and Min-Redundancy(mRMR) was used to select two predictors from 13 morphology-related radiomics features, including elongation and surface-volume ratio. A total of 4 predictors were used to construct a prediction model and nomogram. The AUC was 0.886(95% confidence interval (CI), 0.75 to 0.96), indicating that the model's good predictive ability. DCA demonstrated the nomogram's high clinical applicability. CONCLUSION: Clinical-radiomics nomogram constructed by combining clinical information and morphology-related radiomics features have good potential in predicting the prognosis of TN for PBC treatment. However, this needs to be further studied and validated in several independent external patient populations.

Mechanistic insight into glioma through spatially multidimensional proteomics.

Characterizing the tumor microenvironment at the molecular level is essential for understanding the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and evolution. However, the specificity of the blood proteome in localized region of the tumor and its linkages with other systems is difficult to investigate. Here, we propose a spatially multidimensional comparative proteomics strategy using glioma as an example. The blood proteome signature of tumor microenvironment was specifically identified by in situ collection of arterial and venous blood from the glioma region of the brain for comparison with peripheral blood. Also, by integrating with different dimensions of tissue and peripheral blood proteomics, the information on the genesis, migration, and exchange of glioma-associated proteins was revealed, which provided a powerful method for tumor mechanism research and biomarker discovery. The study recruited multidimensional clinical cohorts, allowing the proteomic results to corroborate each other, reliably revealing biological processes specific to gliomas, and identifying highly accurate biomarkers.

Efficacy and safety of eszopiclone combined with drug therapy in the treatment of insomnia after stroke: A network meta-analysis and systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of multi-drug therapy based on eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia after stroke using a network meta-analysis method and to provide evidence for clinical practice. METHOD: Computer searches of PubMed, Excerpt Medica Database (Embase), Cochrane Library Central Register of Controlled Trials, APA PsycInfo, CNKI, WanFang, Sinomed and other databases were performed to search for clinical randomized controlled studies (RCTs) on multi-drug therapy based on eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia patients after stroke. The search time was from the establishment of each database until July 2023. The bias risk assessment tool recommended by Cochrane was used to evaluate the quality of the included RCTs. Stata 14.0 was applied to perform network meta-analysis using Review Manager 5.3 software for traditional meta-analysis. RESULT: Eighteen RCTs and 1646 patients were ultimately included, involving 11 treatment options. The results of the network meta-analysis showed that the ranking of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) decline was eszopiclone combined with sweet dream oral liquid (ESZ+SDOL)>eszopiclone combined with a shugan jieyu capsule (ESZ+SGJYC)>eszopiclone combined with agomelatine (ESZ+AGO)>eszopiclone combined with flupentixol and melitracen tablets (ESZ+FMT)>eszopiclone combined with yangxue qingnao granules (ESZ+YXQNG)>eszopiclone combined with mirtazapine (ESZ+MIR)>ESZ>FMT; the modified Edinburgh Scandinavia Stroke Scale (MESSS) decline ranking was ESZ+SDOL>ESZ+AGO>ESZ; and the clinical total effective rate ranking was eszopiclone combined with a xuefu zhuyu capsule (ESZ+XFZYC)>ESZ+MIR>ESZ+SGJYC>ESZ+SDOL> ESZ+FMT>ESZ+YXQNG>ESZ>FMT. In terms of clinical adverse reactions, in addition to ESZ therapy, ESZ+ESC had the highest number of adverse reactions, with abdominal pain being the most common. ESZ+YXQNG had the most types of adverse reactions, with 8 types. CONCLUSION: Multi-drug therapy based on eszopiclone can effectively improve the sleep quality of patients with insomnia after stroke, and ESZ+SDOL has significant efficacy and safety. However, due to the limitations of this study, efficacy ranking cannot fully explain the superiority or inferiority of clinical efficacy. In the future, more multicentre, large sample, double-blind randomized controlled trials are needed to supplement and demonstrate the results of this study.

Comparing the Analgesic Effects Between the Pre- and Post-costal Cartilage Harvest Cohorts Using Ultrasound-Guided Deep Serratus Anterior Plane Block in Children with Microtia Undergoing Auricular Reconstruction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: Pain following costal cartilage harvest surgery is the most common complaint of auricular reconstruction (AR). Anesthesiologists are continuously searching for an effective postoperative pain control method. METHODS: This study was conducted from 10 April 2022 to 10 June 2022. Sixty children undergoing AR using costal cartilage were randomly assigned to either a serratus anterior plane block performed before costal cartilage harvest (SAPB-pre-cohort; n = 30) or the SAPB-post-cohort (Post-costal cartilage Harvest Cohort: n = 30). The primary endpoint measures were the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores of the chest and ear pain degrees recorded at 1-, 6-, 12-, 24-, and 48-h after surgery. Intraoperative anesthetic and analgesic dosages, sufentanil consumption and rescue analgesia consumption during the first 24 h post-operation, cough score during extubation, extubation agitation score, length of stay, the extubation time, first ambulatory time, analgesia duration, and opioid-related adverse effects and SAPB-related adverse effects were the secondary endpoints. RESULTS: The rest and coughing NRS scores were significantly reduced in the SAPB-pre-cohort 6 and 12 h post-operation in comparison with the SAPB-post-cohort (rest 6 h p = 0.002, others p < 0.001). No significant difference in the NRS ear scores existed between the two cohorts (p > 0.05). The use of propofol and remifentanil for general anesthesia during the SAPB-pre-procedure was significantly reduced compared to the SAPB-post-group, with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Sufentanil consumption and rescue analgesia consumption were significantly reduced in the SAPB-pre-cohort (p = 0.001, p = 0.033). The extubation time and first ambulatory time were markedly shorter in the SAPB-pre-cohort (all p < 0.001). Analgesia duration was markedly longer in the SAPB-pre-cohort (p < 0.001). No significant differences were noted in the cough score during extubation, extubation agitation score, length of stay between the two cohorts (all p > 0.05). Opioid-related adverse effects occurred more in the SAPB-post-cohort, while there was no statistical significance (16.7 vs. 36.7%; p = 0.082). There were no blockade-related complications observed in either cohort. CONCLUSION: The analgesic effect of the SAPB-pre-cohort was better than the SAPB-post-cohort suggesting both efficacy and feasibility of preemptive analgesia. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

International guidelines for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli infections: A comparison and evaluation.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to appraise clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Bacilli (CRGNB) infections and to summarise the recommendations. METHODS: A systematic search of the literature published from January 2012 to March 2023 was undertaken to identify CPGs related to CRGNB infections treatment. The methodological and reporting quality of eligible CPGs were assessed using six domains of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool and seven domains of the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) checklist. Basic information and recommendations of included CPGs were extracted and compared. RESULTS: A total of 21 CPGs from 7953 relevant articles were included. The mean overall AGREE II score was 62.7%, and was highest for "clarity of presentation" (90.2%) and lowest for "stakeholder involvement" (44.8%). The overall reporting quality of all of the CPGs was suboptimal, with the proportion of eligible items ranging from 45.7 to 85.7%. The treatment of CRGNB infections is related to the type of pathogen, the sensitivity of antimicrobial agents, and the site of infection. In general, the recommended options mainly included novel ß-lactam/ ß-lactamase inhibitors, cefiderocol, ampicillin-sulbactam (mainly for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii [CRAB]), and combination therapy, involving polymyxin B/colistin, tigecycline (except for carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa), aminoglycosides, carbapenems, fosfomycin, and sulbactam (mainly for CRAB). CONCLUSIONS: The methodological and reporting quality of CPGs for the treatment of CRGNB infections are generally suboptimal and need further improvement. Both monotherapy with novel drugs and combination therapy play important roles in the treatment.

Valence shell electronically excited states of norbornadiene and quadricyclane.

The absolute photoabsorption cross sections of norbornadiene (NBD) and quadricyclane (QC), two isomers with chemical formula C7H8 that are attracting much interest for solar energy storage applications, have been measured from threshold up to 10.8 eV using the Fourier transform spectrometer at the SOLEIL synchrotron radiation facility. The absorption spectrum of NBD exhibits some sharp structure associated with transitions into Rydberg states, superimposed on several broad bands attributable to valence excitations. Sharp structure, although less pronounced, also appears in the absorption spectrum of QC. Assignments have been proposed for some of the absorption bands using calculated vertical transition energies and oscillator strengths for the electronically excited states of NBD and QC. Natural transition orbitals indicate that some of the electronically excited states in NBD have a mixed Rydberg/valence character, whereas the first ten excited singlet states in QC are all predominantly Rydberg in the vertical region. In NBD, a comparison between the vibrational structure observed in the experimental 11B1-11A1 (3sa1 ← 5b1) band and that predicted by Franck-Condon and Herzberg-Teller modeling has necessitated a revision of the band origin and of the vibrational assignments proposed previously. Similar comparisons have encouraged a revision of the adiabatic first ionization energy of NBD. Simulations of the vibrational structure due to excitation from the 5b2 orbital in QC into 3p and 3d Rydberg states have allowed tentative assignments to be proposed for the complex structure observed in the absorption bands between ∼5.4 and 7.0 eV.

Effects of natural extract from medicinal herbs on broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of natural extracts from nine medicinal herbs (SMA) on the growth performance, immunity, and intestinal integrity of broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella. A total of 252 one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 7 groups with 3 replicates per group and 12 broilers per cage. The groups were uninfected-untreated blank control group (BC), infected-untreated negative control group (NC), SMA treatment groups, Chinese medicine positive control group (CM), and chemical drug positive control group (CD). The SMA groups were infected and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0.6 (SMA-L), 0.8 (SMA-M), and 1.0 (SMA-H) g/kg SMA. The CM and CD groups were infected and fed a basal diet supplemented with 15 g/kg Jiqiuchong San and 0.2 g/kg Diclazuril, respectively. Results showed that feeding SMA could significantly reduce the number of oocysts in infected chickens, especially 1.0 g/kg SMA, which exhibited moderate anticoccidial efficacy. When infected with E. tenella, the supplementation of 1.0 g/kg SMA increased the renal index; restored the hepatic, splenic, and bursal indexes to BC levels; increased the levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgY; and reduced the contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 of the infected chickens. Moreover, treatment with 1.0 g/kg SMA alleviated the pathological changes in cecal tissue and increased the contents of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1, and mucoprotein 2 (mucin-2) in cecal tissues of E. tenella-infected chickens. We found that 1.0 g/kg SMA reduced the number of oocysts, improved immunity, and alleviated intestinal barrier damage, which could improve the growth performance of infected chickens. Thus, SMA proved to be an effective natural extract against E. tenella and has the potential to be used as an efficient anticoccidial drug or additive.

A nomogram based on clinical multivariate factors predicts delayed cure after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.

BACKGROUND: The course of disease after microvascular decompression (MVD) in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) is variable. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a nomogram to predict the probability of delayed cure after microvascular decompression in patients with hemifacial spasms based on clinical multivariate factors. METHODS: A retrospective data collection was performed on 290 patients with HFS undergoing MVD at our center from January 2017 to January 2022. The patients were randomly assigned to the training cohort (n = 232) and validation cohort (n = 58) at a ratio of 8:2. Retrospective analysis was performed of information on clinical, radiological, and intraoperative findings and clinical outcomes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed in the training cohort, and a nomogram was constructed using a stepwise logistic regression approach. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was calculated to evaluate the reliability of the nomogram model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to assess the clinical application value of the nomogram model. RESULTS: In the training cohorts, 73 patients (73/232) had a delayed cure. In the validation cohorts, 18 patients (18/58) had a delayed cure. We developed a novel nomogram model to predict the risk of delayed cure after MVD in HFS patients based on the presence of vertebral artery compression, venous compression, absence of LSR, degree of facial nerve indentation, degree of neurovascular compression, and internal auditory canal vascular looThe area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram model was 0.9483 in the training cohort and 0.9382 in the validation cohort. The calibration curve showed good correspondence between the predicted and actual probabilities in the training and validation groups. The decision curve showed that the nomogram model had good performance in clinical applications. CONCLUSIONS: We developed and validated a preoperative and intraoperative multivariate factors nomogram to predict the possibility of delayed cure after MVD in HFS patients, which may help clinicians in the comprehensive management of HFS.

Arbitrary combinations of helical-conical optical beams in free space.

Helical-conical optical beams (HCOBs) have attracted considerable interest due to their peculiar optical features. Their characteristic helical light intensity distribution has exerted unprecedented advantages in many fields, but multiple combinations of HCOBs have not been reported due to the limitations of algorithms and light field modulation techniques. We propose and experimentally demonstrate arbitrary combinations of multiple HCOBs in free space to construct hybrid HCOB arrays. The similarity between the experimental results and the numerical simulation results is 94.22%. The initial orientation of the HCOBs is flexibly tuned by the rotation factor ß, and the optical pen is used to combine the HCOBs. This approach allows multiple parameters in the array to be precisely tuned, including the type, number, and position of HCOBs, adding more design flexibility. The constructed HCOB arrays have a higher degree of modulation freedom and may find applications in fields where dynamic control is in high demand, including optical tweezers, biological cell sorting, and multiparticle manipulation.

Solvent-pair surfactants enabled assembly of clusters and copolymers towards programmed mesoporous metal oxides.

Organic-inorganic molecular assembly has led to numerous nano/mesostructured materials with fantastic properties, but it is dependent on and limited to the direct interaction between host organic structure-directing molecules and guest inorganic species. Here, we report a "solvent-pair surfactants" enabled assembly (SPEA) method to achieve a general synthesis of mesostructured materials requiring no direct host-guest interaction. Taking the synthesis of mesoporous metal oxides as an example, the dimethylformamide/water solvent pairs behave as surfactants and induce the formation of mesostructured polyoxometalates/copolymers nanocomposites, which can be converted into metal oxides. This SPEA method enables the synthesis of functional ordered mesoporous metal oxides with different pore sizes, structures, compositions and tailored pore-wall microenvironments that are difficult to access via conventional direct organic-inorganic assembly. Typically, nitrogen-doped mesoporous ε-WO3 with high specific surface area, uniform mesopores and stable framework is obtained and exhibits great application potentials such as gas sensing.

C-undecylcalix[4]resorcinarene Langmuir-Blodgett/Porous Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Film as a Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Tryptophan.

In this study, a composite film was developed for the electrochemical sensing of tryptophan (Trp). Porous reduced graphene oxide (PrGO) was utilized as the electron transfer layer, and a C-undecylcalix[4]resorcinarene Langmuir-Blodgett (CUCR-LB) film served as the molecular recognition layer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical experiments were employed to analyze the characteristics of the CUCR-LB/PrGO composite film. The electrochemical behavior of Trp on the CUCR-LB/PrGO composite film was investigated, revealing a Trp linear response range of 1.0 × 10-7 to 3.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 and a detection limit of 3.0 × 10-8 mol L-1. Furthermore, the developed electroanalytical method successfully determined Trp content in an amino acid injection sample. This study not only introduces a rapid and reliable electrochemical method for the determination of Trp but also presents a new strategy for constructing high-performance electrochemical sensing platforms.

Tenofovir amibufenamide vs tenofovir alafenamide for treating chronic hepatitis B: A real-world study.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy and safety profile of tenofovir amibufenamide (TMF) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients is not well-established. AIM: To compare the efficacy and safety of TMF and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) over a 48-wk period in patients with CHB. METHODS: A total of 215 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into two groups: TMF group (n = 106) and the TAF group (n = 109). The study included a comparison of virological response (VR): Undetectable hepatitis B virus DNA levels, alanine transaminase (ALT) normalization rates, renal function parameters, and blood lipid profiles. RESULTS: At 24 and 48 wk, VR rates for the TMF group were 53.57% and 78.57%, respectively, compared with 48.31% and 78.65% for the TAF group (P > 0.05). The VR rates were also similar in both groups among patients with low-level viremia, both hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive and HBeAg-negative subgroups. The TMF cohort showed ALT normalization and renal safety profiles similar to the TAF group. There was a notable increase in total cholesterol levels in the TAF group (P = 0.045), which was not observed in the TMF group (P > 0.05). In patients with liver cirrhosis, both groups exhibited comparable VR and ALT normalization rates and renal safety profiles. However, the fibrosis 4 score at 48 wk showed a significant reduction in the TAF group as compared to the TMF group within the liver cirrhosis subgroup. CONCLUSION: Our study found TMF is as effective as TAF in treating CHB and has a comparable safety profile. However, TAF may be associated with worsening lipid profiles.