Inflammation-related markers and prognosis of alpha-fetoprotein producing gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND: Inflammation-related markers including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) could reflect tumor immune microenvironment and predict prognosis of cancers. However, it had not been explored in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) producing gastric cancer (GC). AIM: To determine the predictive value of inflammation-related peripheral blood markers including as NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, SIRI and PNI in the prognosis of AFP- producing GC (AFPGC). Besides, this study would also compare the differences in tumor immune microenvironment, clinical characteristics and prognosis between AFPGC and AFP- GC patients to improve the understanding of this disease. METHODS: 573 patients enrolled were retrospectively studied. They were divided into AFP+ group (AFP ≥ 20 ng/mL) and AFP- group (AFP < 20 ng/mL), comparing the levels of NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI/PNI and prognosis. In AFP+ group, the impact of NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI/PNI and their dynamic changes on prognosis were further explored. RESULTS: Compared with AFP- patients, AFP+ patients had higher NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI and lower PNI levels and poorer overall survival (OS). In the AFP+ group, mortality was significantly lower in the lower NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI group and higher PNI group. Moreover, the dynamic increase (NLR/PLR/MLR/SII/SIRI) or decrease (PNI) was associated with the rise of mortality within 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared with AFP- patients, the level of inflammation-related peripheral blood markers significantly increased in AFP+ patients, which was correlated with OS of AFP+ patients. Also, the gradual increase of SII and SIRI was associated with the risk of death within one year in AFP+ patients. AFPGC should be considered as a separate type and distinguished from AFP- GC because of the difference in tumor immune microenvironment. It requires basic experiments and large clinical samples in the future.

Experimental Study for the Sorption and Diffusion of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide into Polyetherimide.

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) is a non-toxic and environmentally friendly fluid and has been used in polymerization reactions, processing, foaming, and plasticizing of polymers. Exploring the behavior and data of SCCO2 sorption and dissolution in polymers provides essential information for polymer applications. This study investigated the sorption and diffusion of SCCO2 into polyetherimide (PEI). The sorption and desorption processes of SCCO2 in PEI samples were measured in the temperature range from 40 to 60 °C, the pressure range from 20 to 40 MPa, and the sorption time from 0.25 to 52 h. This study used the ex situ gravimetric method under different operating conditions and applied the Fickian diffusion model to determine the mass diffusivity of SCCO2 during sorption and desorption processes into and out of PEI. The equilibrium mass gain fraction of SCCO2 into PEI was reported from 9.0 wt% (at 60 °C and 20 MPa) to 12.8 wt% (at 40 °C and 40 MPa). The sorption amount increased with the increasing SCCO2 pressure and decreased with the increasing SCCO2 temperature. This study showed the crossover phenomenon of equilibrium mass gain fraction isotherms with respect to SCCO2 density. Changes in the sorption mechanism in PEI were observed when the SCCO2 density was at approximately 840 kg/m3. This study qualitatively performed FTIR analysis during the SCCO2 desorption process. A CO2 antisymmetric stretching mode was observed near a wavenumber of 2340 cm-1. A comparison of loss modulus measurements of pure and SCCO2-treated PEI specimens showed the shifting of loss maxima. This result showed that the plasticization of PEI was achieved through the sorption process of SCCO2.

Comparative toxicity of oral exposure to paraquat: Survival rates and gene expression in two honey bees species; Apis mellifera and Apis cerana.

Honey bees provide vital pollination services to agricultural crops and wild plants worldwide. Unfortunately, the misuse and overuse of pesticides in agricultural production have led to an increase in incidents harming honey bees in recent years. Among the commonly utilized bee species in beekeeping are Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, with wild A. cerana populations widely dispersed in forests, contributing substantially to ecosystem balance. Yet, the impact of paraquat, a toxic herbicide, on A. cerana remains largely unexplored. This study aims to address this gap by examining acute exposure endpoints based on mortality represented by median lethal doses (LD50 values) of paraquat, survival rates, and gene expression patterns between the A. cerana and A. mellifera. The findings revealed that A. cerana exhibits greater sensitivity to paraquat compared to A. mellifera. The acute oral LD50 values for A. cerana were 5.85, 1.74, and 1.21 µg/bee at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for A. mellifera were 104.00, 11.00, and 6.41 µg/bee. Further, the study demonstrated significant upregulation of the detoxification (antioxidative) enzymes SOD1, CAT, and LLDH-X2 in both A. mellifera and A. cerana following exposure to the lethal dose of paraquat. However, SOD2 expression was notably downregulated in both species, indicating potential mitochondrial damage. These findings suggest that while honey bees initiate activate defense mechanisms against oxidative damage, paraquat exposure may still impair mitochondrial function. Paraquat was found to be moderately toxic to A. mellifera but highly toxic to A. cerana, indicating the importance of screening multiple bee species when assessing the risks of chemical exposure. This research provides a rare comparative analysis of chemical stress effects on morbidity and gene expression in two different honey bee species, establishing a foundational framework for risk assessment and the regulation of herbicide risks to pollinating insects.

Silencing MFN2 Drives WNT/ß-catenin Nucleation to Reduce Sorafenib Sensitivity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.

OBJECTIVE: Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a mitochondrial membrane protein that plays a critical role in regulating mitochondrial fusion and cellular metabolism. To further elucidate the impact of MFN2, this study aimed to investigate its significance on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell function and its potential role in mediating chemosensitivity. METHODS: This study investigated the effects of silencing and overexpressing MFN2 on the survival, proliferation, invasion and migration abilities, and sorafenib resistance of MHCC97-L HCC cells. Additional experiments were conducted using XAV939 (a ß-catenin inhibitor) and HLY78 (a ß-catenin activator) to further validate these findings. RESULTS: Silencing MFN2 significantly promoted the survival and proliferation of MHCC97-L cells, enhanced their invasion and migration capacities, increased the IC50 of sorafenib, reduced the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells, and decreased the expression of proapoptotic proteins. Additionally, silencing MFN2 markedly induced the nuclear translocation of ß-catenin, increased ß-catenin acetylation levels and enhanced the expression of the downstream regulatory proteins Snail1 and Vimentin while inhibiting E-cadherin expression. Conversely, overexpressing MFN2 reversed the effects observed in MHCC97-L cells mentioned above. The results confirmed that silencing MFN2 activated the ß-catenin/epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathway and reduced the sensitivity of cells to sorafenib, which could be reversed by XAV939 treatment. Conversely, overexpression of MFN2 inhibited the ß-catenin/EMT pathway and increased the sensitivity of cells to sorafenib, which could be altered by HLY78. CONCLUSION: Low expression of MFN2 in HCC cells promotes the nuclear translocation of ß-catenin, thereby activating the EMT pathway and mediating resistance to sorafenib.

The recent revision of the genera Nosema and Vairimorpha (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) was flawed and misleads the bee scientific community.

The genus Vairimorpha was proposed for several species of Nosema in 1976 (Pilley, 1976), almost 70 years after Nosema apis Zander (Zander, 1909). Tokarev and colleagues proposed the redefinition of 17 microsporidian species in four genera, Nosema, Vairimorpha, Rugispora, and Oligosporidium, based on phylogenetic trees of two genetic markers (SSU rRNA and RPB1) (Tokarev et al., 2020). Several issues should invalidate this new classification, leading to the synonymization of Vairimorpha within Nosema.

Hydroxymethylation hydroxylation of 1,3-diarylpropene through a catalytic diastereoselective Prins reaction: cyclization logic and access to brazilin core.

A catalytic diastereoselective Prins reaction for hydroxymethylation and hydroxylation of 1,3-diarylpropene was successfully utilized to prepare various 1,3-dioxanes 7 in 14-88% yields. Take advantage of the synthetic intermediate 7h, the key B/C rings in brazilin core could be constructed by the sequential of Friedel-Crafts/Ullmann-Ma rather than Ullmann-Ma/Friedel-Crafts reactions.

[Cystic fibrosis primarily presenting with pseudo-Bartter syndrome: a report of three cases and literature review]. / 以假性Bartter综合征为主要表现的囊性纤维化患儿3ä¾‹å¹¶æ–‡çŒ®å¤ä¹ .

OBJECTIVES: To summarize the clinical characteristics and genetic variations in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) primarily presenting with pseudo-Bartter syndrome (CF-PBS), with the aim to enhance understanding of this disorder. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of three children who were diagnosed with CF-PBS in Hunan Children's Hospital from January 2018 to August 2023, and a literature review was performed. RESULTS: All three children had the onset of the disease in infancy. Tests after admission showed hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis, and genetic testing showed the presence of compound heterozygous mutation in the CFTR gene. All three children were diagnosed with CF. Literature review obtained 33 Chinese children with CF-PBS, with an age of onset of 1-36 months and an age of diagnosis of 3-144 months. Among these children, there were 29 children with recurrent respiratory infection or persistent pneumonia (88%), 26 with malnutrition (79%), 23 with developmental retardation (70%), and 18 with pancreatitis or extrapancreatic insufficiency (55%). Genetic testing showed that c.2909G>A was the most common mutation site of the CFTR gene, with a frequency of allelic variation of 23% (15/66). CONCLUSIONS: CF may have no typical respiratory symptoms in the early stage. The possibility of CF-PBS should be considered for infants with recurrent hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and metabolic alkalosis, especially those with malnutrition and developmental retardation. CFTR genetic testing should be performed as soon as possible to help with the diagnosis of CF.

Diagnostic values of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) for severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children.

OBJECTIVE: Early diagnosis of Severity Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia (SMPP) has been a worldwide concern in clinical practice. Two cytokines, soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells (sTREM-1) and Interferon-Inducible Protein-10 (IP-10), were proved to be implicated in bacterial infection diseases. However, the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 in MPP was poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 for SMPP. METHODS: In this prospective study, the authors enrolled 44 children with MPP, along with their clinical information. Blood samples were collected, and cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were detected with ELISA assay. RESULTS: Serum levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were positively correlated with the severity of MPP. In addition, sTREM-1 and IP-10 have significant potential in the diagnosis of SMPP with an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.8564 (p-value = 0.0001, 95% CI 0.7461 to 0.9668) and 0.8086 (p-value = 0.0002, 95% CI 0.6918 to 0.9254) respectively. Notably, the combined diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 is up to 0.911 in children with SMPP (p-value < 0.001, 95% CI 0.830 to 0.993). CONCLUSIONS: Serum cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 have a great potential diagnostic value in children with SMPP.

Lipopeptide C17 Fengycin B Exhibits a Novel Antifungal Mechanism by Triggering Metacaspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Fusarium oxysporum.

Fusarium wilt is a worldwide soil-borne fungal disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum that causes serious damage to agricultural products. Therefore, preventing and treating fusarium wilt is of great significance. In this study, we purified ten single lipopeptide fengycin components from Bacillus subtilis FAJT-4 and found that C17 fengycin B inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum FJAT-31362. We observed early apoptosis hallmarks, including reactive oxygen species accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and phosphatidylserine externalization in C17 fengycin B-treated F. oxysporum cells. Further data showed that C17 fengycin B induces cell apoptosis in a metacaspase-dependent manner. Importantly, we found that the expression of autophagy-related genes in the TOR signaling pathway was significantly upregulated; simultaneously, the accumulation of acidic autophagy vacuoles in F. oxysporum cell indicated that the autophagy pathway was activated during apoptosis induced by C17 fengycin B. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the antifungal mechanism of fengycin.

Correlation of Gut Microbiota with Children Obesity and Weight Loss.

Children obesity is a serious public health problem drawing much attention around the world. Recent research indicated that gut microbiota plays a vital role in children obesity, and disturbed gut microbiota is a prominent characteristic of obese children. Diet and exercise are efficient intervention for weight loss in obesity children, however, how the gut microbiota is modulated which remains largely unknown. To characterize the feature of gut microbiota in obese children and explore the effect of dietary and exercise on gut microbiota in simple obese children, 107 healthy children and 86 obese children were recruited, and among of the obese children 39 received the dietary-exercise combined weight loss intervention (DEI). The gut microbiota composition was detected by the 16S amplicon sequencing method. The gut microbiota composition was significantly different between obese children and the healthy cohort, and DEI significantly reduced the body weight and ameliorated the gut microbiota dysbiosis. After DEI, the abundance of the Akkermansia muciniphila was increased, while the abundance of the Sutterella genus was decreased in simple obese children. Our results may provide theoretical reference for future personalized obesity interventions based on gut microbiota. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01088-3.

Levels of peripheral blood routine, biochemical and coagulation parameters in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and their relationship with prognosis: an observational cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Hantaan virus (HTNV), Seoul virus (SEOV) and Puumala virus (PUUV) are major serotypes of the Hantavirus, which can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The pathophysiology of HFRS in humans is complex and the determinants associated with mortality, especially the coagulation and fibrinolysis disorders, are still not been fully elucidated. Severe patients usually manifest multiple complications except for acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to observe the levels of peripheral blood routine, biochemical and coagulation parameters during the early stage, so as to find independent risk factors closely related to the prognosis, which may provide theoretical basis for targeted treatment and evaluation. METHODS: A total of 395 HFRS patients from December 2015 to December 2018 were retrospectively enrolled. According to prognosis, they were divided into a survival group (n = 368) and a death group (n = 27). The peripheral blood routine, biochemical and coagulation parameters were compared between the two groups on admission. The relationship between the parameters mentioned above and prognosis was analyzed, and the dynamic changes of the coagulation and fibrinolysis parameters during the first week after admission were further observed. RESULTS: In addition to AKI, liver injury was also common among the enrolled patients. Patients in the death group manifested higher levels of white blood cell counts (WBC) on admission. 27.30% (107/392) of the patients enrolled presented with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) on admission and DIC is more common in the death group; The death patients manifested longer prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), higher D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation product (FDP), and lower levels of platelets (PLT) and fibrinogen (Fib) compared with those of the survival patients. The proportion of D-dimer and FDP abnormalities are higher than PT, APTT and Fib. Prolonged PT, low level of Fib and elevated total bilirubin (TBIL) on admission were considered as independent risk factors for prognosis (death). CONCLUSIONS: Detection of PT, Fib and TBIL on admission is necessary, which might be benefit to early predicting prognosis. It is also important to pay attention to the dynamic coagulation disorders and hyperfibrinolysis during the early stage in the severe HFRS patients.

Diagnostic values of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM-1) and interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) for severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children

Abstract Objective Early diagnosis of Severity Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Pneumonia (SMPP) has been a worldwide concern in clinical practice. Two cytokines, soluble Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells (sTREM-1) and Interferon-Inducible Protein-10 (IP-10), were proved to be implicated in bacterial infection diseases. However, the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 in MPP was poorly known. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 for SMPP. Methods In this prospective study, the authors enrolled 44 children with MPP, along with their clinical information. Blood samples were collected, and cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were detected with ELISA assay. Results Serum levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 were positively correlated with the severity of MPP. In addition, sTREM-1 and IP-10 have significant potential in the diagnosis of SMPP with an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.8564 (p-value = 0.0001, 95% CI 0.7461 to 0.9668) and 0.8086 (p-value = 0.0002, 95% CI 0.6918 to 0.9254) respectively. Notably, the combined diagnostic value of sTREM-1 and IP-10 is up to 0.911 in children with SMPP (p-value < 0.001, 95% CI 0.830 to 0.993). Conclusions Serum cytokine levels of sTREM-1 and IP-10 have a great potential diagnostic value in children with SMPP.

Odorants Identified in Chinese Dry-Cured Ham Contribute to Salty Taste Enhancement.

Jinhua dry-cured ham (JDH) is a traditional fermented Chinese meat product. We studied the dynamic sensory and emotional profiles of JDHs obtained by five preparation methods and the corresponding release of sodium ions (Na+), potassium ions (K+), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during oral processing. The VOCs with salty taste enhancement abilities were screened based on the correlations of VOCs with salty flavor and concentration of Na and K ions with salty flavor. A trained sensory panel evaluated the saltiness enhancements of selected VOCs by using static and dynamic sensory methods. The results revealed that Na+, K+, and selected VOCs were mainly released during 0-10 s of the chewing process. The release of Na+ and K+ in JDH residue samples exhibited consistently decreasing trends, while in saliva, their concentrations increased. The VOCs showing a high correlation with Na+ and K+ and salty flavor have saltiness enhancement abilities in both NaCl solutions and NaCl + MSG mixtures. Odor-induced saltiness was pronounced at low salt concentrations (0.2% NaCl). The investigation demonstrated 16 VOCs exhibiting saltiness enhancement abilities, including 4 pyrazines, 5 acids, 4 sulfur-containing compounds, and 3 other compounds. The sensory evaluation suggested pyrazines and sulfur-containing compounds as good saltiness enhancers. 2-Furfuryl mercaptan significantly enhanced the salty sensation in the NaCl + MSG solutions when compared with MSG alone (p < 0.05). This research provides evidence that certain odorants identified in JDHs exhibit salty-enhancing properties, indicating their potential for salt reduction at the industrial level.

Metachronous primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and duodenal adenocarcinoma: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMNs) is increasing in parallel with the incidence of malignancies, the continual improvement of diagnostic models, and the extended life of patients with tumors, especially those of the digestive system. However, the co-existence of MPMNs and duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) is rarely reported. In addition, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of MPMNs regarding multi-omics and the tumor microenvironment (TME). CASE SUMMARY: In this article, we report the case of a 56-year-old man who presented with a complaint of chest discomfort and abdominal distension. The patient was diagnosed with metachronous esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and DA in the Department of Oncology. He underwent radical resection and chemotherapy for the esophageal tumor, as well as chemotherapy combined with a programmed death-1 inhibitor for the duodenal tumor. The overall survival was 16.6 mo. Extensive evaluation of the multi-omics and microenvironment features of primary and metastatic tumors was conducted to: (1) Identify the reasons responsible for the poor prognosis and treatment resistance in this case; and (2) Offer novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for MPMNs. This case demonstrated that the development of a second malignancy may be independent of the location of the first tumor. Thus, tumor recurrence (including metastases) should be distinguished from the second primary for an accurate diagnosis of MPMNs. CONCLUSION: Multi-omics characteristics and the TME may facilitate treatment selection, improve efficacy, and assist in the prediction of prognosis.

Surgical site wound infection and pain after laparoscopic repeat hepatectomy for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma.

This study aimed to compare the effects of laparoscopic repeat liver resection (LRLR) and open repeat liver resection (ORLR) on surgical site wound infection and pain in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data were systematically searched for studies comparing LRLR with ORLR for the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma, with a search timeframe from their inception to December 2022. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted information, and evaluated the quality of the studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. A total of 20 publications with 4380 patients were included, with 1108 and 3289 patients in the LRLR and ORLR groups, respectively. The results showed that LRLR significantly reduced surgical site wound infection rate (1.71% vs. 5.16%, odds ratio [OR]:0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.18-0.56, P < .001), superficial wound infection rate (1.29% vs. 4.92%, OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14-0.58, P < .001), bile leakage (3.34% vs. 6.05%, OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.90, P = .01), organ/space wound infection rate (0.4% vs. 5.11%, OR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07-0.81, P = .02), and surgical site wound pain (mean difference: -2.00, 95% CI: -2.99 to -1.02, P < .001). Thus, the findings of this study showed that LRLR for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma significantly reduced wound infection rates and improved postoperative wound pain.

Analysis of PRAME immunocytochemistry in 109 acral malignant melanoma in situ.

AIMS: Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) recently is a reliable immunohistochemistry (IHC) marker for distinguishing melanoma from other lesions. However, there are few articles focused on PRAME use in acral malignant melanoma, the most common type in Asians. This study investigated PRAME IHC expression in a large series of acral malignant melanoma in situ to add to the body of clinical knowledge. METHODS: PRAME IHC was performed in unequivocal cases of primary acral lentiginous melanoma in situ (ALMIS), subungual melanoma in situ (SMIS) and acral recurrent nevi as the control. PRAME tumour cell percentage positivity and intensity were expressed as categorised in a cumulative score by adding the quartile of positive tumour cells to intensity labelling. The final IHC expression was interpreted as negative (0-1), weak (2-3), moderate (4-5) or strong (6-7). RESULTS: In 91 ALMIS patients, 32 cases (35.16%) were strong, 37 (40.66%) were moderate and 22 (24.18%) were weak. In 18 SMIS patients, strong positivity of PRAME was observed in 4 (22.22%) cases, moderate in 10 (55.56%) and weak in the remaining 4 (22.22%). No melanoma sample was negative for PRAME. By comparison, only 2 of the 40 acral recurrent nevi cases were positive. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the ancillary value of PRAME for diagnosing ALMIS and SMIS with high sensitivity and specificity.

Elucidation of the Impact of Steaming on the Key Odorants of Jinhua Dry-Cured Ham Using the Sensomics Approach.

Jinhua dry-cured ham (JDH) is a traditional fermented meat product favored by Chinese consumers. In this paper, the impact of steaming on the key odorants of JDH was investigated using the sensomics approach. Compounds with odor activity values (OAV) ≥1 were re-engineered in a triglyceride matrix to imitate the odor profiles of both raw and steamed JDHs. The aroma-active compounds were then confirmed by recombination and omission tests using triangle tests. The odor profiles of raw and steamed JDHs were obtained by quantitative descriptive analysis to compare the differences between the original and recombined models. The results showed that pentanal, hexanal, dimethyl trisulfide, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, (E)-2-heptenal, furaneol, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 1-octen-3-one, and methional influenced the overall raw JDH odor significantly. Furaneol was first reported as a key compound that provides a caramel smell to the raw JDH. Apart from (E)-2-heptenal, dimethyl trisulfide, furaneol, 3-methylbutanoic acid, and methional, the remaining three compounds including 2-furfurylthiol, benzeneacetaldehyde, and phenylethyl alcohol showed a significant influence on the odor profile of steamed JDH. The statistical analysis of the odor profiles showed an 80.0% similarity between the recombination raw JDH and the real raw JDH, and a 76.3% similarity between the model and the real steamed JDH.

JAK/STAT3 Signaling Activation Related to Distinct Clinicopathologic Features in Systemic ALK - Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphomas : New Insights into Their Heterogeneity.

Systemic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a group of heterogenous CD30 + T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of JAK/STAT3 signaling activation in the molecular pathogenesis of ALK - ALCLs. In the present study, we aimed to establish a potential relationship between JAK/STAT3 signaling activation and clinicopathologic features in ALK - ALCLs, and further recognize the heterogenous nature of these neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry staining of the phosphorylated-STAT3 (p-STAT3) and dual-specificity protein phosphatase 22 ( DUSP22 ) gene rearrangement analysis were performed. Forty-five cases of ALK - ALCL were divided into 3 groups, including 9 DUSP22 -rearranged ALCLs, 21 p-STAT3 + double-negative (DN) ALCLs (both ALK and DUSP22 rearrangement negative), and 15 p-STAT3 - DN-ALCLs. Morphologically, p-STAT3 + DN-ALCLs exhibited sheet-like neoplastic cells and sometimes showed large pleomorphic cells scattered in a lymphocyte-rich background more frequently than those in other ALK - ALCLs subtypes. Phenotypically, the p-STAT3 + DN-ALCLs frequently expressed cytotoxic molecules, epithelial membrane antigen, and programmed death-ligand 1, whereas CD3 and CD5 expression was not observed. Clinically, patients with p-STAT3 + DN-ALCLs had a better prognosis than those with p-STAT3 - DN-ALCLs. These observations suggest that p-STAT3 + DN-ALCLs represent a distinct subtype of ALK - ALCLs. Identifying ALK - ALCL subtypes by using p-STAT3 staining and DUSP22 rearrangement is a promising approach that may contribute to risk stratification and better treatment decisions in the future clinical practice.

PRAME is a useful marker for the differential diagnosis of melanocytic tumours and histological mimics.

AIMS: Although the morphological assessment of melanoma is generally straightforward, diagnosis can be especially difficult when the significant morphological and immunohistochemical results overlap with those of benign and malignant melanocytic tumours and histological mimics. This study assessed the potential diagnostic utility of measuring PReferentially expressed Antigen in MElanoma (PRAME) immunohistochemically in naevi, melanomas and clear cell sarcomas (CCSs) in Chinese patients. METHODS: We examined the immunohistochemical expression of PRAME in 317 melanocytic naevi, 178 primary melanomas, 72 metastatic melanomas and 19 CCSs and compared the sensitivity and specificity of PRAME immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the differential diagnosis of melanocytic tumours and histological mimics. RESULTS: Of the 317 melanocytic naevi, 98.1%were completely negative for PRAME; six cases showed focal PRAME immunoreactivity in a minor population of lesional melanocytes. Diffuse nuclear immunoreactivity for PRAME was found in 89.9% of primary melanomas and 93.1% of metastatic melanomas. Regarding melanoma subtypes, PRAME was expressed in 100% of superficial spreading melanomas, 100% of melanomas arise in congenital naevus, 91.4% of nodular melanomas, 87.8% of acral lentigo melanomas, 80.0% of lentigo malignant melanomas, 60.0% of Spitz melanomas, 96.2% of mucosal melanomas and 80.0% of uveal melanomas. None of the two desmoplastic melanomas expressed PRAME. Of the 19 CCS cases, 89.5% were negative for PRAME and 10.5% showed focal weak PRAME immunoreactivity in a minor population of tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that PRAME may be a useful marker to support a suspected diagnosis of melanoma. In addition, lack of PRAME expression is a valuable hint to CCS in a suspected case, and then molecular confirmation of the presence of EWSR1 rearrangement is necessary.

Epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Nanping City, Fujian Province from 2012 to 2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the epidemic characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Nanping City, Fujian province and to provide the basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures as well as evaluating the efficacy of prevention and treatment. Methods　Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence data of HFMD in Nanping City from 2012 to 2021. Results　A total of 49 231 cases of HFMD were reported in Nanping City from 2012 to 2021. The incidence fluctuated greatly over the 10-year period, ranging from 76.10/100 000 to 308.93/100 000, with an average incidence of 184.99/100 000 per year. The overall incidence and the number of cases showed a fluctuating downward trend over time, but the incidence was high in the next year, and there were statistically significant differences in the incidence rates between different years(χ2=8 169.176, P<0.001). There were significant regional differences in the incidence, the top three average annual incidence rates were: Guanze County (370.76/100 000), Zhenghe County (295.31/100 000) and Wuyishan City (250.31/100 000). There were two peaks of HFMD incidence each year, with the first occurring in May and June and the second occurring in September and October. The incidence rate was higher among males (215.86/100 000) than females (152.93/100 000), and males were more susceptible than females (RR=1.412, 95%CI=1.387-1.438). The cases were mainly aged 0-4 years, accounting for 86.25% (42 461/49 231) of all cases, and the incidence rate gradually decreased with increasing age (χ2trend=570,105.801, P<0.001). The majority of cases (85.22%, 41 953/49 231) occurred in children living in scattered areas, followed by children in kindergartens (12.39%, 6 101/49 231). The etiological results showed a total of 3 476 laboratory-confirmed cases, and the proportion of three (classes) of enterovirus positivity varied each year, with different pathogen compositions showing statistical significance (χ2=584.613, P<0.001). In addition to the years 2015-2017, during which Cox A16 and EV71 were the dominant strains, other years were dominated by other enteroviruses, with EV71 being the main type in severe and fatal cases of HFMD in Nanping City. Conclusion　Nanping City should strengthen health education for children living in the diaspora and in day-care centers, enhance surveillance of epidemics and pathogenology, improve vaccination rates against EV71, focus on the detection and typing of other enteroviruses, and implement effective prevention and control measures for HFMD.