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2.
bioRxiv ; 2024 May 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38766000

ABSTRACT

Light has myriad impacts on behavior, health, and physiology. These signals originate in the retina and are relayed to the brain by more than 40 types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Despite a growing appreciation for the diversity of RGCs, how these diverse channels of light information are ultimately integrated by the ~50 retinorecipient brain targets to drive these light-evoked effects is a major open question. This gap in understanding primarily stems from a lack of genetic tools that specifically label, manipulate, or ablate specific RGC types. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a new mouse line (Opn4FlpO), in which FlpO is expressed from the Opn4 locus, to manipulate the melanopsin-expressing, intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. We find that the Opn4FlpO line, when crossed to multiple reporters, drives expression that is confined to ipRGCs and primarily labels the M1-M3 subtypes. Labeled cells in this mouse line show the expected intrinsic, melanopsin-based light response and morphological features consistent with the M1-M3 subtypes. In alignment with the morphological and physiological findings, we see strong innervation of non-image forming brain targets by ipRGC axons, and weaker innervation of image forming targets in Opn4FlpO mice labeled using AAV-based and FlpO-reporter lines. Consistent with the FlpO insertion disrupting the endogenous Opn4 transcript, we find that Opn4FlpO/FlpO mice show deficits in the pupillary light reflex, demonstrating their utility for behavioral research in future experiments. Overall, the Opn4FlpO mouse line drives Flp-recombinase expression that is confined to ipRGCs and most effectively drives recombination in M1-M3 ipRGCs. This mouse line will be of broad use to those interested in manipulating ipRGCs through a Flp-based recombinase for intersectional studies or in combination with other, non-Opn4 Cre driver lines.

5.
Acta ortop. mex ; 36(1): 33-38, ene.-feb. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447107

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: Evidencia creciente sugiere que las lesiones del hombro que involucran al manguito rotador causan dolor severo y deterioro de la calidad de vida y del sueño. Objetivo: Presentar los resultados de una revisión sistemática sobre la asociación de lesiones del manguito rotador con dolor nocturno y calidad de sueño antes y después del tratamiento. Material y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed limitada a humanos, sin límite de idioma, edad y período de tiempo con los siguientes términos: [rotator cuff tear and (nocturnal pain OR sleep)]. Se utilizaron los criterios PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) para revisiones sistemáticas. Se extrajo información sobre la frecuencia de dolor nocturno y calidad del sueño en pacientes con lesiones del manguito rotador. Resultados: De 123 registros encontrados, 10 estudios fueron incluidos por cumplir criterios, incluyendo 1,516 pacientes. El dolor nocturno afectó de 91-93% de los pacientes; su intensidad media fue de 5.5 puntos de la escala visual análoga (EVA). Cien por ciento de los estudios reportaron alteraciones en la calidad de sueño asociado a lesión del manguito rotador. Tras la reparación, en todos los estudios se reportó disminución de dolor a puntuaciones inferiores a 2 y mejoría de la calidad del sueño. Conclusión: Las lesiones del manguito rotador producen dolor nocturno y alteraciones de la calidad del sueño que mejoran con el tratamiento. Las alteraciones de la calidad del sueño se deben no sólo a dolor, sino a alteraciones en la funcionalidad del hombro.


Abstract: Introduction: Growing evidence suggests that shoulder injuries involving the rotator cuff cause severe pain and deterioration of quality of life and sleep. Objective: To present the results of a systematic review on the association of rotator cuff injuries with nighttime pain and sleep quality before and after treatment. Material and methods: We searched PubMed limited to humans, with no language, age and time period limit with the following terms: [rotator cuff tear and (nocturnal pain OR sleep)]. We used the PRISMA criteria for systematic reviews. Information was extracted on the frequency of nighttime pain and sleep quality in patients with rotator cuff injuries. Results: Of 123 records found, 10 studies were included for meeting criteria, including 1,516 patients. Nighttime pain affected 91-93% of patients; its average intensity was 5.5 points of the EVA. 100% of the studies reported alterations in sleep quality associated with rotator cuff injury. After repair, a decrease in pain to inferior scores of 2 and improvement in sleep quality were reported. Conclusion: Rotator cuff injuries produce nighttime pain and sleep quality disturbances that improve with treatment. Alterations in sleep quality are due not only to pain but to alterations in shoulder functionality.

6.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 59(4): 361-367, dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388405

ABSTRACT

Resumen El progresivo envejecimiento de la población mundial se encuentra directamente asociado al aumento de las patologías neurodegenerativas. Dentro de estas, la Enfermedad de Alzheimer es el tipo de demencia de mayor prevalencia a nivel mundial y se asocia a un mayor deterioro de la calidad de vida, no solo en los pacientes, sino que también en sus cuidadores y entorno familiar. Frente a este escenario, durante los últimos años ha adquirido especial importancia el evaluar la calidad de vida en pacientes con demencia Alzheimer, siendo un aspecto de creciente interés en el ámbito clínico y de la salud pública al ser considerado como un indicador en la medición de la efectividad de los distintos tipos de intervenciones, farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, sobre la enfermedad y su evolución. El conocer el concepto calidad de vida por parte de los equipos de salud y la evaluación clínica de esta en pacientes con demencia Alzheimer se ha vuelto un pilar fundamental tanto en el manejo, como en el uso de la información para la toma de decisiones en relación a políticas públicas relacionadas a pacientes con demencia. En este trabajo se abordará la temática desde tres ámbitos, la importancia de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la calidad de vida a lo largo de los años, y como ésta puede ser utilizada en el manejo de patologías neurodegenerativas como la demencia.


The progressive aging of the world population is directly associated with the increase in neurodegenerative pathologies. Among these, Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent type of dementia worldwide which is associated with a greater deterioration in the quality of life, not only in patients but also in their caregivers and family environment. In this context, during the last years has become important to evaluate the quality of life in patients with Alzheimer's dementia to be an area of growing interest in clinical and public health because it is considered as an indicator in effectiveness measurement of the different types of interventions, pharmacological and non-pharmacological, on the disease and its evolution. Heath teams know the concept of quality of life and its clinical evaluation in patients with Alzheimer's dementia and it has become fundamental support for both management and the use of information for decision-making in the field of public policies related to patients with dementia. In this viewpoint the theme will be addressed from three areas, the importance of Alzheimer's disease, quality of life throughout history, and how it can be used in the management of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Quality of Life , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Neurodegenerative Diseases/psychology
7.
Actas dermo-sifiliogr. (Ed. impr.) ; 112(4): 314-323, abr. 2021. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-196955

ABSTRACT

La infección por SARS-CoV-2 se ha convertido rápidamente en una pandemia con importantes implicaciones en ámbitos sanitarios, económicos, políticos y culturales en todo el planeta. La enfermedad que produce, llamada COVID-19, es considerada actualmente una patología florida y de obligatorio manejo multidisciplinario por todas las especialidades médicas y de servicios de salud. Este artículo presenta una revisión bibliográfica de las variadas manifestaciones cutáneas a causa de la COVID-19. Posteriormente, se mencionan los diversos engranajes fisiopatológicos que se han postulado hasta el momento y su posible relación con los hallazgos de la enfermedad en la piel. Por último, se propone una clasificación de las manifestaciones cutáneas según mecanismos fisiopatológicos de base y pronóstico de la enfermedad


The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections soon led to a pandemic with serious health, economic, political, and cultural repercussions across the globe. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a multisystemic disease that requires a multidisciplinary approach involving specialists from all fields and levels of care. In this article, we review the literature on the diverse cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19. We also describe the pathophysiologic mechanisms proposed to date and their possible association with these manifestations. Finally, we propose a system for classifying the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 according to their underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and prognosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pandemics , Skin Diseases/etiology , Skin Diseases/pathology , Skin Diseases/classification , Risk Factors
8.
Enferm. univ ; 18(2): 5-18, abr.-jun. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1375366

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Objetivo: Examinar las percepciones sobre los factores exploratorios, las manifestaciones y consecuencias del estrés en madres cuidadoras de niños con necesidades especiales en Veracruz, México. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo con diseño etnográfico focalizado. La muestra (n=20) se obtuvo de un grupo de madres cuidadoras del estado de Veracruz, México. El criterio de participación fue ser el tutor principal del niño dependiente. Los datos se recolectaron a través de cuatro grupos de discusión conformado cada uno por cinco cuidadoras. Las discusiones fueron audio-grabadas y los datos transcritos textualmente previo análisis. La información fue tratada mediante análisis temático, con el apoyo del programa QUIRKOS. Resultados: Las madres de los niños fueron el cien por ciento de las cuidadoras. La edad promedio de ellas fue de 36.95 años (DE= ±7.66). Las temáticas que surgieron del análisis inductivo fueron las siguientes: a) la situación económica familiar, b) el comportamiento de los niños, c) la falta de información sobre el diagnóstico del niño y, d) los problemas conyugales. Estas se identificaron como categorías que juegan un rol importante en el estrés percibido por las cuidadoras. Discusión y Conclusiones: Es claro que el rol y la responsabilidad de las madres cuidadoras es muy demandante, provocando manifestaciones físicas, mentales y emocionales. El profesional de enfermería juega un papel importante en el diseño de intervenciones de salud que favorezcan la reducción de los factores causales del estrés percibido, además de implementar estrategias que restrinjan sus manifestaciones.


ABSTRACT Objective: To explore factors, manifestations, and consequences related to the stress perceived by Mexican mothers of children with special needs in Veracruz, Mexico. Methods: This is a qualitative study with a focalized ethnographic design. The sample (n=20) was constituted by healthcare providing mothers of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. The participation requirement was being the main tutor of a dependent child. Data were collected in four discussion groups of 5 healthcare providing mothers each. The discussions were recorded and the data were transcribed. The information was produced through a thematic analysis using the QUIRKOS program. Results: The average age of these mothers was 36.95 years old (SD= ±7.66). The topics arising from the analysis were: a) the economical situation of the family; b) the behavior of the children; c) the lack of information regarding the child's diagnosis; and d) the marital problems. All these categories were important sources of the stress perceived by these healthcare providers. Discussion and Conclusions: It is clear that the role and the responsibility of healthcare mothers is very demanding, provoking diverse physical, mental, and emotional responses. The nursing professionals play an important role in the design of health interventions which can favor the reduction of the perceived stress causing factors and thus the reduction of their associated impacts.


RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar as percepções sobre os fatores exploratórios, as manifestações e consequências do estresse em mães cuidadoras de crianças com necessidades especiais em Veracruz, México. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo com desenho etnográfico focalizado. A amostra (n=20) foi obtida de um grupo de mães cuidadoras do estado de Veracruz, México. O critério de participação era ser o cuidador principal da criança dependente. Os dados foram coletados através de quatro grupos de discussão, cada um conformado por cinco cuidadoras. As discussões foram áudio-gravadas e os dados transcritos textualmente antes da análise. A informação foi tratada por meio de análise temática, com apoio do programa QUIRKOS. Resultados: As mães das crianças eram cem por cento das cuidadoras. A idade média delas era de 36.95 anos (DE= ±7.66). As temáticas que emergiram da análise indutiva foram as seguintes: a) a situação económica familiar, b) o comportamento das crianças, c) a falta de informação sobre o diagnóstico da criança, e d) os problemas conjugais. Estas foram identificadas como categorias que desempenham um papel importante no estresse percebido pelas cuidadoras. Discussão e Conclusões: Fica claro que o papel e a responsabilidade das mães cuidadoras é muito exigente, provocando manifestações físicas, mentais e emocionais. O profissional de enfermagem desempenha um papel importante no desenho de intervenções de saúde que favorecem a redução dos fatores causais do estresse percebido, além de implementar estratégias que restrinjam suas manifestações.

9.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 59(1): 38-48, mar. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388376

ABSTRACT

Resumen El consumo de sustancias en adolescentes es altamente prevalente en varias regiones del mundo, y especialmente en Chile, siendo su prevención un importante desafío para la salud pública. Este artículo describe el modelo islandés de prevención del consumo de sustancias en adolescentes "Planet Youth", su adaptación y factibilidad de implementación en Chile, como primera experiencia en Latinoamérica. Este modelo comunitario está enfocado en la prevención ambiental y en la promoción de la salud de niños, niñas y adolescentes, basado en un diagnóstico local y oportuno de factores protectores y de riesgo, con colaboración de la autoridad local y la academia. Seis comunas de la región metropolitana en colaboración con la Universidad de Chile y el Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis inician su implementación en 2018. Se tradujo y adaptó la encuesta islandesa que fue aplicada a 7354 estudiantes de 2° medio, cuyos resultados se retroalimentaron a colegios y municipalidades para trabajar en la modificación de los principales factores de riesgo y protección. En 2020, el proceso ha requerido algunas adaptaciones debido a la pandemia por COVID-19. Se discute acerca de factores socioculturales relevantes en la adaptación de estrategias basadas en evidencia internacional que se transfieren a un país diferente. La implementación del modelo Planet Youth es factible en Chile y ofrece una importante oportunidad para prevenir el consumo de sustancias en jóvenes de manera efectiva en Latinoamérica.


The prevalence of substance use is high among adolescents in several region around the world, specifically in Chile, and its prevention is an important public health challenge. We describe the adaptation and the feasibility to implement the Icelandic model of substance use prevention in adolescents "Planet Youth" in Chile as first experience in Latin America. This community prevention model focuses on the environment, culture and the promotion of health in adolescents, informed by local risk and protective factors. Implementation requires collaboration between academia and municipal authorities. Six municipalities of the Metropolitan Region, the University of Chile and the Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis collaborated in the implementation of the Planet Youth model since 2018 in Chile. A substance use survey was translated, adapted, and applied to 7354 tenth grade students. The results were informed to schools and municipalities in order to work on modifications of the main risk and protective factors in their own community. In 2020, the prevention process has required some adaptation due to COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss sociocultural factors in the adaptation of this international prevention model transferred to Latin America. The implementation of the Planet Youth model is feasible in Chile and offers an opportunity to effectively prevent the substance use behaviors of adolescents in Latin America.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control , Chile , Public Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Community Support , Health Promotion
10.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 36(4)dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388125

ABSTRACT

Resumen La Fibrosis Quística (FQ) es la enfermedad hereditaria de pronóstico reservado más frecuente en raza blanca. Desde el año 2003, Chile inicia un Programa Nacional de Fibrosis Quística, de carácter integral, dirigido por la Unidad de Salud Respiratoria del Ministerio de Salud. Hasta la fecha, los principales resultados del Programa registran una significativa mayor sobrevida (promedio 27 años) y una significativa reducción en la edad de diagnóstico de los pacientes ingresados desde 2006 en adelante. El acceso a la canasta GES (Garantías Explícitas en Salud), la implementación del tamizaje neonatal en algunas regiones del país, la organización y la constitución de equipos entrenados en FQ de diversas especialidades, ha contribuido a mejorar los resultados. Si bien las principales manifestaciones son del aparato respiratorio y digestivo, el carácter multisistémico de la FQ obliga a conocer los distintos aspectos involucrados en su manejo, a fin de optimizar los resultados del tratamiento y los recursos invertidos, tanto en el sector público como privado. Este documento es una revisión y actualización sobre los principales aspectos del diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento de las manifestaciones respiratorias y no respiratorias de la FQ.


Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent hereditary disease in whites, with a reserved prognosis. Since 2003, Chile began a comprehensive National Cystic Fibrosis Program, directed by the Respiratory Health Unit of the Ministry of Health. To date, the main results of the Program record a significantly longer survival (average 27 years) and a significant reduction in the age of diagnosis of patients admitted from 2006 onwards. Access to Chilean Explicit Health Guarantees, the implementation of neonatal screening in some regions of the country, the organization and setting up of CF-trained teams of various specialties, has contributed to improving results. Although the main manifestations are of the respiratory and digestive system, the multisystemic nature of CF makes it necessary to know the different aspects involved in its management, in order to optimize the results of the treatment and the resources invested, both in the public and private sectors. This document is a review and an update on the main aspects of the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of the respiratory and non-respiratory manifestations of CF.

11.
Enferm. univ ; 17(4): 425-436, oct.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1345995

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: En México, las úlceras por presión (UPP) son un indicador de calidad en el Sistema Nacional de Salud, se otorga relevancia a los conocimientos de los profesionales de la salud en cuanto al abordaje integral de las úlceras para el mejoramiento de la seguridad del paciente. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa como herramienta para mejorar los conocimientos de enfermería en la prevención y tratamiento de las UPP. Método: Estudio pre-experimental basado en una intervención educativa aplicada a un grupo con medición pre y post. La muestra estuvo constituida por 90 licenciados de enfermería que laboran en hospitales públicos de segundo y tercer nivel de atención, ubicados en el puerto de Veracruz. Se diseñaron doce sesiones de 120 minutos cada una para la intervención; en estas se abordaron tópicos de prevención, cuidado y tratamiento de las úlceras. Resultados: La variable prevención, en el indicador adecuado según tus conocimientos, obtuvo un promedio inicial de 74±15 que incrementó en la segunda medición a 91±9. t (p=.003). En la variable tratamiento, el indicador adecuado según tus conocimientos, obtuvo un promedio inicial de 57±16 y en la segunda medición pasó a 76±9. t (p=.002). Conclusión: La aplicación de la intervención educativa permitió mejorar el conocimiento sobre prevención y tratamiento de las UPP, aunque la utilización en la práctica asistencial fue menor.


Abstract Introduction: In Mexico, pressure ulcers are a quality indicator of the National Health System. In order to improve patient security, health professionals need to demonstrate adequate knowledge regarding the handling and addressing of pressure ulcers. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention aimed at improving the knowledge of nursing professionals regarding the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. Method: This is a pre-experimental study based on an educational intervention with pre and post measurements. The sample was constituted by 90 graduate nurses working in public hospitals of second and third level located at the port of Veracruz, Mexico. Twelve 120 minutes educational sessions were designed to address the topics of prevention, care, and treatment of pressure ulcers. Results: The variable prevention had a score of 74±15 at pre measurement and 91±9 at post measurement t (p=.003). The variable treatment had an initial score of 57±16, which then increased to 76±9, t (p=.002) after the intervention. Conclusion: The educational intervention improved the knowledge on prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers, without evidence of improving nursing care practice.


Resumo Introdução: No México, as úlceras por pressão (UPP) são um indicador de qualidade no Sistema Nacional de Saúde, sendo relevantes os conhecimentos dos professionais de saúde quanto à abordagem integral das úlceras para o melhoramento da segurança do paciente. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de uma intervenção educativa como ferramenta para melhorar os conhecimentos de enfermagem na prevenção e tratamento das UPP. Método: Estudo pré-experimental baseado em uma intervenção educativa aplicada a um grupo com pré e post medição. A amostra esteve constituída por 90 graduados de enfermagem que laboram em hospitais públicos de segundo e terceiro nível de atenção, localizados no porto de Veracruz. Desenharam-se doze sessões de 120 minutos cada uma para a intervenção; nestas foram abordados tópicos de prevenção, cuidado e tratamento das úlceras. Resultados: A variável prevenção, no indicador adequado segundo com seus conhecimentos, obteve uma média inicial de 74±15 que incrementou na segunda medição para 91±9. t (p=.003). Na variável tratamento, o indicador adequado conforme seus conhecimentos, obteve uma média inicial de 57±16 e na segunda medição passou a 76±9. t (p=.002). Conclusão: A aplicação da intervenção educativa possibilitou melhorar o conhecimento sobre a prevenção e o tratamento das UPP, embora a utilização na prática assistencial tenha sido menor.

12.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 15(3): 406-410, sept. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127613

ABSTRACT

We present the case-report of a one-month-old infant, admitted to the Emergency Department with hypovolemic shock secondary to pulmonary hemorrhage who required life-support measures, including vasoactive drugs and methylprednisolone pulses. She was discharged from the hospital after 13 days of evolution and then readmitted 5 days later for a new episode of hemoptysis with hemodynamic compromise. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed 4 days after the first episode showed a normal anatomy, without active bleeding, with 20% of hemosiderophages in bronchoalveolar lavage. Diffuse infiltrates were found on the chest radiograph. Differents studies were performed for check-out infection, heart disease, immune disease, thrombophilia, celiac disease, swallowing disorder, vascular abnormalities and allergy to cow's milk protein were negative, which led to Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis (IPH). It was managed with amino acid formula, daily oral prednisone until 6 months of age and then every other day, and permanent inhaled fluticasone. In subsequent controls, normal growth and development were found, with no recurrences up to the time of this report, at 1 year of age. The favorable evolution in this case is attributed to early diagnosis and timely treatment with systemic corticosteroids. A review of the topic of IPH in pediatrics is presented, and study and treatment algorithms are proposed.


Se presenta el caso de una lactante de un mes de edad, que se presentó en el Servicio de Urgencia con shock hipovolémico secundario a hemorragia pulmonar. Necesitó medidas de soporte vital, incluyendo drogas vasoactivas y pulsos de metilprednisolona. Egresó del hospital a los 13 días de evolución y reingresó 5 días después por nuevo episodio de hemoptisis con compromiso hemodinámico. La fibrobroncoscopía efectuada a los 4 días de evolución del primer episodio mostró una anatomía normal, sin sangrado activo, con 20% de hemosiderófagos en el lavado broncoalveolar. En la radiografía de tórax se encontró infiltrados difusos. Los estudios en busca de infección, cardiopatía, enfermedad inmunológica, trombofilia, enfermedad celíaca, trastorno de deglución, anomalías vasculares y alergia a la proteína de la leche de vaca resultaron negativos, por lo que se planteó una Hemosiderosis Pulmonar Idiopática (HPI). Se manejó con fórmula aminoacídica, prednisona oral diaria hasta los 6 meses de edad y después en días alternos y fluticasona inhalada permanente. En controles posteriores se constató crecimiento y desarrollo normal, sin recidivas hasta el momento de este reporte, con 1 año de edad. La evolución favorable en este caso se atribuye al diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno con corticoides sistémicos. Se presenta una revisión del tema de HPI en pediatría y se proponen algoritmos de estudio y tratamiento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Hemosiderosis/drug therapy , Hemosiderosis/diagnostic imaging , Methylprednisolone , Prednisone , Radiography, Thoracic , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Fluticasone , Hemoptysis/etiology , Hemosiderosis/complications
13.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 15(4): 429-483, 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1146394

ABSTRACT

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent hereditary disease in whites, with a reserved prognosis. Since 2003, Chile began a comprehensive National Cystic Fibrosis Program, directed by the Respiratory Health Unit of the Ministry of Health. To date, the main results of the Program record a significantly longer survival (average 27 years) and a significant reduction in the age of diagnosis of patients admitted from 2006 onwards. Access to Chilean Explicit Health Guarantees, the implementation of neonatal screening in some regions of the country, the organization and setting up of CF-trained teams of various specialties, has contributed to improving results. Although the main manifestations are of the respiratory and digestive system, the multisystemic nature of CF makes it necessary to know the different aspects involved in its management, in order to optimize the results of the treatment and the resources invested, both in the public and private sectors. This document is a review and an update on the main aspects of the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of the respiratory and non-respiratory manifestations of CF.


La Fibrosis Quística (FQ) es la enfermedad hereditaria de pronóstico reservado más frecuente en raza blanca. Desde el año 2003, Chile inicia un Programa Nacional de Fibrosis Quística, de carácter integral, dirigido por la Unidad de Salud Respiratoria del Ministerio de Salud. Hasta la fecha, los principales resultados del Programa registran una significativa mayor sobrevida (promedio 27 años) y una significativa reducción en la edad de diagnóstico de los pacientes ingresados desde 2006 en adelante. El acceso a la canasta GES (Garantías Explícitas en Salud), la implementación del tamizaje neonatal en algunas regiones del país, la organización y la constitución de equipos entrenados en FQ de diversas especialidades, ha contribuido a mejorar los resultados. Si bien las principales manifestaciones son del aparato respiratorio y digestivo, el carácter multisistémico de la FQ obliga a conocer los distintos aspectos involucrados en su manejo, a fin de optimizar los resultados del tratamiento y los recursos invertidos, tanto en el sector público como privado. Este documento es una revisión y actualización sobre los principales aspectos del diagnóstico, seguimiento y tratamiento de las manifestaciones respiratorias y no respiratorias de la FQ.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adult , Delivery of Health Care, Integrated , Cystic Fibrosis/diagnosis , Cystic Fibrosis/therapy , Chile , Nutritional Status , Cystic Fibrosis/rehabilitation , Consensus , Health Resources
14.
Hipertens. riesgo vasc ; 34(supl.esp.1): 29-35, ene. 2017. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-170595

ABSTRACT

El incumplimiento del tratamiento farmacológico en la hipertensión arterial se sitúa entre el 35 y el 50%. En todos los hipertensos mal controlados, siempre hay que pensar en un posible incumplimiento farmacológico como su causa. Para detectar el incumplimiento hay que utilizar un método válido de medición, destacando el test de Haynes por su alta especificidad, el recuento de comprimidos y el uso de la receta electrónica. Para mejorar el cumplimiento, lo mejor es una combinación de estrategias eficaces y, de forma individual, la más favorable es la simplificación del tratamiento. Medidas eficaces son el programa de automedida domiciliaria de la presión arterial, la combinación de fármacos en doble o triple terapia fija, la educación sanitaria escrita y en grupos, los calendarios recordatorios y las tarjetas de control del cumplimiento o la mejora de la relación médico-paciente


Prevalence of non-adherence of pharmacological therapy in hypertension is between 35 and 50%. In every uncontrolled hypertensive one should assess drug adherence as the cause. Several validated methods to detect noncompliance exist, being most frequently used Haynes test, pill count, and use of electronic prescription. Strategies to improve compliance should include a combination of adequate information to patients, a simplified scheme of treatment, and periodic adherence assessment. Programs for home self-measurement of blood pressure, use of double or triple drug fixed combinations, group health education, reminders, calendars, and cards enforcement, and improving doctor-patient relationship are also useful tools for compliance optimization


Subject(s)
Humans , Medication Adherence , Patient Compliance , Arterial Pressure , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypertension/prevention & control , Prescriptions/standards , Treatment Refusal/statistics & numerical data , Harm Reduction , Risk Reduction Behavior
15.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(5): 668-676, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-900034

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Down es la alteración cromosómica más frecuente en los recién nacidos, con una alta incidencia en Chile. Esta condición presenta aspectos fisiológicos únicos, los cuales pueden afectar al niño durante su estadía en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, posterior al período neonatal. En esta revisión abordamos aspectos actuales de la patología respiratoria, cardiovascular, infecciosa y neurológica, así como también consideraciones anestésicas y de analgesia postoperatoria, destete de la ventilación mecánica, inestabilidad columna cervical y pronóstico del niño críticamente enfermo portador de síndrome de Down. La evaluación de todas estas condiciones debe ser realizada cuando el paciente es ingresado a la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. El objetivo de la presente actualización es profundizar el conocimiento del diagnóstico y tratamiento de las potenciales complicaciones del niño con síndrome de Down durante su estadía en la unidad de paciente crítico.


Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality in newborns, with a high incidence in Chile. This condition presents unique physiological aspects that should be known, which can affect the child during their stay in an Intensive Care Unit, beyond the neonatal period This review is focused on the respiratory, cardiovascular, infectious and neurological disorders. Anesthetic management and postoperative analgesia considerations, weaning from mechanical ventilation, cervical spine instability and prognosis of the critically ill child with Down syndrome are also analyzed. The evaluation of these conditions should be performed when the patient is admitted to the intensive care unit. The purpose of this update is to update the knowledge of the diagnosis and treatment of potential complications of children with Down syndrome during their stay in the unit of critical patient.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Down Syndrome/complications , Critical Care/methods , Critical Illness , Down Syndrome/physiopathology , Perioperative Care/methods , Intensive Care Units
16.
Rev. ANACEM (Impresa) ; 11(1): 29-33, 2017. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291715

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La neurocisticercosis es una infección parasitaria del sistema nervioso central, ocasionada por la etapa larval del parásito Taenia solium. Su prevalencia mundial es de 9,1%. Se presenta a continuación un caso clínico en el que destaca una clínica infrecuente y tamaño de la lesión poco común; caso que fue resuelto con éxito mediante neurocirugía. Presentación del caso: Hombre de 48 años, residente en localidad rural, consultó por cuadro súbito de hemiparesia derecha de predominio crural, posteriormente con aumento de paresia braquial ipsilateral. Al examen físico destacó síndrome piramidal derecho. Se estudió con Tomografía Computarizada que evidenció quiste frontal izquierdo con compresión del área motora, sugerente de lesión parasitaria. Resonancia Nuclear Magnética de Cerebro (RNMC) informó proceso expansivo quístico fronto-parietal parasagital izquierdo de 5 x 5,5 cm, con efecto de masa. Por tamaño, tipo de lesión y clínica se decidió realizar cirugía abierta con extirpación total y biopsia que informó cisticercosis cerebral. El paciente evolucionó con recuperación total de su déficit motor posterior a la cirugía. Discusión: La neurocisticercosis se encuentra dentro de los diagnósticos diferenciales de lesiones quísticas encefálicas. Su clínica es inespecífica, manifestándose comúnmente con convulsiones y cefalea. La RNMC permite el diagnóstico y localización de las lesiones. El tratamiento es médico, quirúrgico o combinado. Generalmente, el manejo se basa en antiepilépticos y antiparasitarios sistémicos, sin embargo en este caso, se decidió el manejo quirúrgico que llevó a una mejoría total del paciente, lo que avala la cirugía precoz como principal medida en lesiones de este tipo


Introduction: Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the central nervous system, caused by the larval stage of the parasite Taenia solium. Its worldwide prevalence is 9.1%. We present below a clinical case with an infrequent clinical and uncommon lesion size, with surgical resolved. Case report: A 48 year old man, who was a resident of a rural locality, consulted for sudden hemiparesis on the right side of the crural predominance, subsequently with increased ipsilateral brachial paresis. Physical examination highlighted right pyramidal syndrome. It was studied with Computed Axial Tomography that showed left frontal cyst with compression of the motor area, suggestive of parasite lesion. Brain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (BNMR) reported left parasagittal fronto-parietal cystic expansive process of 5 x 5.5 cm, with mass effect. By size, type of lesion and clinic it was decided to perform open surgery with total extirpation and biopsy that reported cerebral cysticercosis. The patient evolved with complete recovery of motor deficit after surgery. Discussion: Neurocysticercosis is a differential diagnosis of brain cystic lesions. Its clinic is non-specific, commonly manifesting with seizures and headache. The RNMC allows the diagnosis and location of the lesions. The treatment is medical, surgical or combined. Usually, the management is based on antiepileptics and systemic antiparasitic, however in this case, it was decided the surgical management that led to the total improvement of the patient, which guarantees the early surgery as the main measure in lesions of this type


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Paresis/etiology , Neurocysticercosis/surgery , Neurocysticercosis/complications , Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections , Taenia solium/parasitology , Cysts/surgery
17.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 8(4): 146-150, oct. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831327

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Hypoglycaemia occurs frequently in hospitalized diabetic patients and increases inpatient morbidity and mortality. In 60 percent of cases, it isn’t managed properly. The goal of this study was to determine prevalence, treatment, complications and length of hospital stay related to hypoglycaemia with local patients. Patients and Methods: This study was designed as a prospective series of cases with diabetic patients, hospitalized in internal medicine and surgical services. Results: 105 cases of hypoglycaemia presented in 47 patients, with a mean of 2,21 +/- 1,68 episodes per patient. 53,32 percent of hypoglycaemic episodes presented in surgical patients. The cause was not determined in 49,52 percent (n = 52) of the episodes, and 41,9 percent (n = 44) of them were asymptomatic. 59,57 percent (n = 28) of patients presented complications during their hospital stay, mainly infectious, with no difference between surgical and medical services. Median inpatient stay in the surgical service was of 28 days (RIQ 19-45), and of 16 days (RIQ 11-28) in the internal medicine service. Treatments were modified in 57,45 percent (n = 27)of patients after their first hypoglycaemic episode occurred, 17 in internal medicine service, and 10 in surgical service (p = 0,003). Conclusions: the majority of patients presented at least two hypoglycaemic events, and only in half of were treatments modified in order to prevent another episode, which is more that reported in literature, particularly in internal medicine service, where diabetologists work. Highlighting the large number of undetermined causes of hypoglycaemia, caused mainly by lack of registry, can lead to the creation of a registry form for these kinds of occurrences in order to successfully prevent more episodes and decrease inpatient stay and complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , /epidemiology , Hypoglycemia/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Comorbidity , Prospective Studies
18.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 43(2): 120-126, mar.-abr. 2015. graf, ilus
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-134676

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Even though there are multiple options for the treatment of asthma, there still exists a fair group of patients with difficult-to-control asthma. We describe for the first time the real-world effects of three-year omalizumab treatment on patients with difficult-to-control asthma, seen in a social security hospital in a Latin American country. METHODS: Difficult-to-control asthmatic patients from the out-patient clinic of a regional hospital were recruited to receive a three-year omalizumab course. Efficacy parameters were asthma control test (ACT) score; FEV1; daily beclomethasone maintenance dose; and unplanned visits for asthma exacerbations (emergency room (ER), hospitalisations, intensive care). RESULTS: 52 patients were recruited, 47 completed the three-year treatment (42 female, 15-67 years, mean age 43.5). Comparing efficacy parameters of the year before omalizumab with the 3rd year of omalizumab: mean ACT improved from 12.4 to 20.5, mean FEV1 from 66.3% (standard deviation (SD) 19.1%) to 88.4% (SD 16.2%) of predicted, while mean beclomethasone dose reduced from 1750 to 766 mcg/day and there was a significant reduction in patients experiencing ER visits (from 95% to 19%, p < 0.0001), hospitalisation (38% to 2%, p < 0.0001) and intensive care (4% to 0, NS). Five patients discontinued omalizumab, two because of an adverse event (anaphylaxis, severe headache, both resolved without sequelae). CONCLUSION: Omalizumab improved most clinical parameters of Mexican patients with difficult-to-control asthma. Especially the rates of ER visits and hospitalisation were significantly reduced, thus reducing costs. Omalizumab was generally well tolerated


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Asthma/genetics , Asthma/metabolism , Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Hospitalization/economics , Emergencies/classification , Asthma/diagnosis , Asthma/prevention & control , Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism , Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Emergencies/economics , Mexico/ethnology , Prospective Studies
19.
Rev. clín. esp. (Ed. impr.) ; 214(6): 336-344, ago.-sept. 2014.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-125520

ABSTRACT

Las enfermedades crónicas de larga duración poseen una elevada mortalidad y afectan por igual a ambos sexos. La falta de adherencia a las recomendaciones terapéuticas continúa siendo un obstáculo para mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida de los pacientes, además de conllevar un elevado coste sociosanitario. En este trabajo se desarrolla el concepto «adherencia terapéutica» que engloba tratamientos farmacológicos (cumplimiento terapéutico) y no farmacológicos (grado de coincidencia entre las recomendaciones ofrecidas, como pueden ser cambios en los hábitos de vida y su implantación por el paciente). También se analiza el impacto clínico y sociosanitario de la «adherencia terapéutica», así como las causas de la falta de adherencia y métodos y estrategias para mejorarla. Concluimos que la adherencia terapéutica debe ser un objetivo esencial del sistema sanitario, englobando todos los agentes implicados en la salud del paciente (AU)


Long-term chronic diseases have a high mortality rate around the world, affecting both genders equally. Despite improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of various health problems, lack of treatment compliance remains an obstacle to improving health and patient quality of life, and it carries a high associated socio-healthcare cost. The objectives of this study were to develop the concept of «therapeutic adherence», which includes both pharmacological compliance as well as non-pharmacological (level of agreement and patient involvement, lifestyle changes, etc.) treatments. The study also aimed to establish the clinical and socio-health impact of non-compliance, the reasons for non-compliance, and methods and strategies to improve compliance. The results of this study support therapeutic adherence as an essential goal of the healthcare system that encompasses all stakeholders involved in patient health (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chronic Disease/epidemiology , Chronic Disease/prevention & control , Patient Compliance/psychology , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Costs and Cost Analysis/methods , /standards , /trends , Quality of Life/psychology , Patient Dropouts/classification , Patient Dropouts/psychology , Primary Health Care/methods , Primary Health Care/trends , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality
20.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 60(5): 263e1-263e25, mayo 2013.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-112548

ABSTRACT

La transfusión de sangre alogénica (TSA) no es inocua, y como consecuencia han surgido múltiples alternativas a la misma (ATSA). Existe variabilidad respecto a las indicaciones y buen uso de las ATSA. Dependiendo de la especialidad de los médicos que tratan a los pacientes, el grado de anemia, la política transfusional, la disponibilidad de las ATSA y el criterio personal, estas se usan de forma variable. Puesto que las ATSA tampoco son inocuas y pueden no cumplir criterios de coste-efectividad, la variabilidad en su uso es inaceptable. Las sociedades españolas de Anestesiología y Reanimación (SEDAR), Hematología y Hemoterapia (SEHH), Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH), Medicina Intensiva y Unidades Coronarias (SEMICYUC), Trombosis y Hemostasia (SETH) y Transfusiones Sanguíneas (SETS) han elaborado un documento de consenso para el buen uso de la ATSA. Un panel de expertos de las 6 sociedades ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura médica y elaborado el 2013. Documento Sevilla de Consenso sobre Alternativas a la Transfusión de Sangre Alogénica. Solo se contempla las ATSA dirigidas a disminuir la transfusión de concentrado de hematíes. Se definen las ATSA como toda medida farmacológica y no farmacológica encaminada a disminuir la transfusión de concentrado de hematíes, preservando siempre la seguridad del paciente. La cuestión principal que se plantea en cada ítem se formula, en forma positiva o negativa, como: «La ATSA en cuestión reduce/no reduce la tasa transfusional». Para formular el grado de recomendación se ha usado la metodología Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) (AU)


Since allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) is not harmless, multiple alternatives to ABT (AABT) have emerged, though there is great variability in their indications and appropriate use. This variability results from the interaction of a number of factors, including the specialty of the physician, knowledge and preferences, the degree of anemia, transfusion policy, and AABT availability. Since AABTs are not harmless and may not meet cost-effectiveness criteria, such variability is unacceptable. The Spanish Societies of Anesthesiology (SEDAR), Hematology and Hemotherapy (SEHH), Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH), Critical Care Medicine (SEMICYUC), Thrombosis and Hemostasis (SETH) and Blood Transfusion (SETS) have developed a Consensus Document for the proper use of AABTs. A panel of experts convened by these 6 Societies have conducted a systematic review of the medical literature and have developed the 2013 Seville Consensus Document on Alternatives to Allogeneic Blood Transfusion, which only considers those AABT aimed at decreasing the transfusion of packed red cells. AABTs are defined as any pharmacological or non-pharmacological measure aimed at decreasing the transfusion of red blood cell concentrates, while preserving patient safety. For each AABT, the main question formulated, positively or negatively, is: "Does this particular AABT reduce the transfusion rate or not?" All the recommendations on the use of AABTs were formulated according to the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Transplantation, Homologous/instrumentation , Transplantation, Homologous/methods , Transplantation, Homologous , Cost-Benefit Analysis/organization & administration , Cost-Benefit Analysis/standards , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Evaluation of the Efficacy-Effectiveness of Interventions , Anesthesiology/methods , Transplantation, Homologous/standards , Transplantation, Homologous/trends , 50303 , Anesthesiology/organization & administration , Anesthesiology/standards , Erythrocyte Transfusion/trends , Erythrocyte Transfusion
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