ABSTRACT
The human immunodeficiency virus is a lethal pathology considered as a worldwide problem. The search for new strategies for the treatment of this disease continues to be a great challenge in the scientific community. In this study, a series of 107 derivatives of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine, previously evaluated experimentally against HIV-I reverse transcriptase, was used to model antiretroviral activity. A model of linear regression, implemented in the QSARINS software, was developed with a genetic algorithm for variable selection. The fit of its parameters was good and exhaustive validation, according to the OECD regulatory principles, was performed. Also, the applicability domain was established. In addition, its robustness (r 2 = 0.84), stability (Q 2 LOO = 0.81; Q 2 LMO = 0.80) and good predictive power (r 2 EXT = 0.85) is proved. So, it was used to predict the antiretroviral activity of eight compounds obtained by rational drug design. Finally, it can be affirmed that the proposed tools allow the rapid and economic identification of potential antiretroviral drugs.
Subject(s)
Anti-Retroviral Agents/chemistry , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , Thymine/analogs & derivatives , Models, Chemical , Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development/standards , Thymine/chemistryABSTRACT
El seudotumor inflamatorio es la masa pulmonar primaria más frecuente en niños, simulando en muchos casos una neumonía organizada desde el punto de vista de la imagen. Otra localización común de este proceso patológico es la órbita, aunque puede asentar en cualquier parte del cuerpo. Se trata de una lesión poco común y cuasi neoplásica, ya que radiológica y clínicamente se comporta como un tumor maligno. La patogenia, su historia natural, los hallazgos por imagen y las opciones de tratamiento todavía se discuten (AU)
Inflammatory pseudotumor is the most common primary lung mass in children. In many cases, it mimics organizing pneumonia on imaging tests. Another site often affected by inflammatory pseudotumors is the orbit, although they can be found in any part of the body. Inflammatory pseudotumors are rare and quasi-neoplastic, as radiologically and clinically they behave like malignant tumors. Consensus about their pathogenesis, natural history, imaging findings, and treatment options has yet to be reached (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child , Plasma Cell Granuloma, Pulmonary/complications , Plasma Cell Granuloma, Pulmonary , Thrombocytosis/complications , Thrombocytosis , Radiography, Thoracic , Diagnosis, Differential , Granulosa Cell Tumor , Granulosa Cells/pathology , Granulosa Cells , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Myofibroblasts/pathology , MyofibroblastsABSTRACT
Inflammatory pseudotumor is the most common primary lung mass in children. In many cases, it mimics organizing pneumonia on imaging tests. Another site often affected by inflammatory pseudotumors is the orbit, although they can be found in any part of the body. Inflammatory pseudotumors are rare and quasi-neoplastic, as radiologically and clinically they behave like malignant tumors. Consensus about their pathogenesis, natural history, imaging findings, and treatment options has yet to be reached.
Subject(s)
Granuloma, Plasma Cell/diagnostic imaging , Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , RadiographyABSTRACT
Se evaluó el efecto de la concentración de hidróxido de calcio (Ca(OH)2) y tiempo de cocción del grano de maíz sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas y reológicas durante la nixtamalización tradicional. Se observó que a mayor concentración de Ca(OH)2 y mayor tiempo de cocción del grano, la temperatura de gelatinización aumentó significativamente. El maíz nixtamalizado con 2 g/100g de Ca(OH)2 y 60 min de tiempo de cocción, presentó mayor absorción de calcio, 0.152 g/100g, mostrando un aumento significativo respecto a la concentración inicial (500 g/100g). Todas las muestras presentaron un patrón de difracción de rayos X de almidón tipo A, con diferencias en la intensidad de la difracción. La viscosidad aparente del nixtamal disminuyó considerablemente al utilizar condiciones de procesamiento más altas. Se encontró que la capacidad de retención de agua aumentó con la temperatura.
The effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) concentration and cooking time on physicochemical and pasting properties of maize, during traditional nixtamalization was evaluated. It was observed that the higher the Ca(OH)2 concentration and cooking time the higher the gelatinization temperature. Grain samples treated with 2 g/100g of Ca(OH)2 and 60 min of cooking time presented higher calcium absorption (0.152 g/100g) showing a significant increment (500 g/100g). Results of X-ray diffraction showed that all the samples had X-ray diffraction pattern of starch type A, showing differences in the intensity of the diffraction as indicated by the percentage of cristallinity. The apparent viscosity of the nixtamal considerably decreased when the processes conditions were higher. Water retention capacity increased with temperature.
Subject(s)
Starch/analysis , Chemical Phenomena/methods , Calcium Hydroxide , Gelatinases/analysis , Zea mays , Food AnalysisABSTRACT
The effect of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) concentration and cooking time on physicochemical and pasting properties of maize, during traditional nixtamalization was evaluated. It was observed that the higher the Ca(OH)2 concentration and cooking time the higher the gelatinization temperature. Grain samples treated with 2 g/100 g of Ca(OH)2 and 60 min of cooking time presented higher calcium absorption (0.152 g/100 g) showing a significant increment (approximately 500 g/100 g). Results of X-ray diffraction showed that all the samples had X-ray diffraction pattern of starch type A, showing differences in the intensity of the diffraction as indicated by the percentage of cristallinity. The apparent viscosity of the nixtamal considerably decreased when the processes conditions were higher. Water retention capacity increased with temperature.
Subject(s)
Calcium Hydroxide/analysis , Cooking/methods , Flour/analysis , Hot Temperature , Zea mays/chemistry , Rheology , Time Factors , ViscositySubject(s)
3-Iodobenzylguanidine/pharmacokinetics , Iodine Radioisotopes/pharmacokinetics , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Positron-Emission Tomography , Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics , Accidents, Traffic , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Diagnosis, Differential , Hematoma/diagnostic imaging , Hematoma/etiology , Humans , Kidney/injuries , Male , Pheochromocytoma/diagnostic imaging , Retroperitoneal Space , Rupture/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Pheochromocytoma , 3-Iodobenzylguanidine , Radiopharmaceuticals , Hematoma , Kidney/blood supply , Kidney , Adrenal Gland Neoplasms , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
Much forensic inference based upon DNA evidence is made assuming that the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is valid for the genetic loci being used. Several statistical tests to detect and measure deviation from HWE have been devised, each having advantages and limitations. The limitations become more obvious when testing for deviation within multiallelic DNA loci is attempted. Here we present an exact test for HWE in the biallelic case, based on the ratio of weighted likelihoods under the null and alternative hypotheses, the Bayes factor. This test does not depend on asymptotic results and minimizes a linear combination of type I and type II errors. By ordering the sample space using the Bayes factor, we also define a significance (evidence) index, P value, using the weighted likelihood under the null hypothesis. We compare it to the conditional exact test for the case of sample size n = 10. Using the idea under the method of chi(2) partition, the test is used sequentially to test equilibrium in the multiple allele case and then applied to two short tandem repeat loci, using a real Caucasian data bank, showing its usefulness.
Subject(s)
Bayes Theorem , DNA/genetics , Alleles , Humans , Models, Genetic , Models, Statistical , Polymorphism, GeneticABSTRACT
464 stool specimens from children under 5 with acute diarrheal disease and other 149 specimens from the control group were studied from July, 1993, to May, 1995. The specimens were collected at the Pediatric Emergency Department of the Autonomous Institute of the Teaching Hospital of Los Andes, Mérida, Venezuela. The presence of the internationally recommended bacterial, parasitary and viral agents was investigated. The commonest bacteria isolated as unique pathogens were: Shigella (42.85%), Shigella sonnei, the most found, (66.67%), and the thermotolerant Campylobacter, Aeromonas sp. and enteropathogenous Escherichia coli, with 15; 15 and 13.5%, respectively. 6.5% of parasites and 24.12% of Rotavirus were also found. It was concluded that in the period of time under study the infectious and mainly, the bacterial origin is an important cause of acute diarrheal disease in Mérida.
Subject(s)
Diarrhea/microbiology , Feces/microbiology , Acute Disease , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , VenezuelaABSTRACT
We developed a comprehensive training program to teach young parents what symptoms to look for to judge the severity of their children's illnesses, what to do at home to comfort their children, and when to consult their children's physician or take them for emergency treatment. Three pairs of subjects received training that included written handouts, verbal instructions, modeling, positive practice, and verbal reinforcement. Skill acquisition was assessed by a behavioral test in which parents assessed, treated, or reported a simulated illness in a child. Written materials when used alone did not improve the parent's ability to identify and report children's illnesses. Modeling and role-playing followed by positive practice were successful in teaching these parents skills that were maintained for 3 months without additional training or instruction.