ABSTRACT
The role of human adenovirus (HAdV) infection in different acute diseases, such as febrile exudative tonsillitis, conjunctivitis, and pharyngoconjunctival fever is well established. However, the relationships, if any, of HAdV persistence and reactivation in the development of the chronic adenotonsillar disease is not fully understood. The present paper reports a 3-year cross-sectional hospital-based study aimed at detecting and quantifying HAdV DNA and mRNA of the HAdV hexon gene in adenoid and palatine tonsil tissues and nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS) from patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy or recurrent adenotonsillitis. HAdV C, B, and E were detectable in nearly 50% of the patients, with no association with the severity of airway obstruction, nor with the presence of recurrent tonsillitis, sleep apnea or otitis media with effusion (OME). Despite the higher rates of respiratory viral coinfections in patients with HAdV, the presence of other viruses, including DNA and RNA viruses, had no association with HAdV replication or shedding in secretions. Higher HAdV loads in adenoids showed a significant positive correlation with the presence of sleep apnea and the absence of OME. Although this study indicates that a significant proportion (~85%) of individuals with chronic adenotonsillar diseases have persistent nonproductive HAdV infection, including those by HAdV C, B, and E, epithelial and subepithelial cells in tonsils seem to be critical for HAdV C production and shedding in NPS in some patients, since viral antigen was detected in these regions by immunohistochemistry in four patients, all of which were also positive for HAdV mRNA detection.
Subject(s)
Adenoids/virology , Adenovirus Infections, Human/virology , Palatine Tonsil/virology , Virus Replication , Adenoids/pathology , Adenovirus Infections, Human/diagnosis , Adenoviruses, Human/classification , Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification , Adenoviruses, Human/physiology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Female , Humans , Hypertrophy , Infant , Male , Palatine Tonsil/pathology , Tonsillitis/virologyABSTRACT
The Cilia represent one of the main mechanisms contributing to the clearance of microorganisms and particles from the respiratory epithelium. Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetically determined disorder characterized by irreversible systemic dysmotility of the cilia. Secondary ciliary dyskinesia (SCD) differs from primary defects on the reversible ultrastructural alterations that can occur after any insult to a previously normal mucosa. Hence, this study aimed to describe and compare the main ultrastructural ciliary features in PCD and SCD through transmission electron microscopy. The most frequent PCD abnormalities were missing or short dynein arms, missing central microtubules, and displacement of one of the nine peripheral doublets. The most common changes found in SCD were compound cilia and peripheral microtubule alterations associated with modifications of the respiratory epithelium. PCD presented a higher percentage of altered cilia (>30 %) when compared to SCD (5 %), demonstrating that SCD is more limited in area than PCD. Whereas in PCD the changes in the dynein arms and in the central microtubules are fundamental for diagnostic confirmation, the diagnosis of SCD usually involves compound cilia and disarrangements in peripheral microtubules.
Subject(s)
Cilia/ultrastructure , Ciliary Motility Disorders/pathology , Kartagener Syndrome/pathology , Respiratory Mucosa/ultrastructure , Sinusitis/pathology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Ciliary Motility Disorders/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Kartagener Syndrome/physiopathology , Male , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Sinusitis/genetics , Sinusitis/physiopathologyABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: There isn't definitive and consistent data concerning the distribution of bacterial species in patients with Chronic Sinusitis (CS). The variability of the results from studies in CS may be due to the different techniques used as collection method, variations in culture methods, previous antibiotic use, and difficulty in distinguishing bacterial flora from pathogenic agents. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical prospective. AIM: To identify the incidence of microorganisms in patients with CRS by growing bacteria from the secretion of the maxillary sinus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 62 patients that had undergone FESS for treatment of chronic sinusitis; cultures from the maxillary sinus were obtained. RESULTS: 62 samples, 33 (53.2%) had no growth; 29 (45.2%) counts of aerobic bacteria; one case (1.6%) of fungus growth; we did not find anaerobic bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the one more frequently found - 8 samples (27.6%), Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 4 samples each; Streptococcus pneumoniae in 3 samples (10.4%); other Gram negative agents in 17 samples (31%). CONCLUSION: In the present study we concluded that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, other Gram negatives bacteria and Staphylococcus spp were the representatives of the bacterial flora found in the paranasal sinuses of patients with CS.
Subject(s)
Bacteria/isolation & purification , Fungi/isolation & purification , Maxillary Sinus/microbiology , Maxillary Sinusitis/microbiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brazil , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Maxillary Sinus/metabolism , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
Não existem dados definitivos e consistentes sobre a real distribuição dos microorganismos presentes em pacientes com Rinossinusite Crônica (RSC). A variabilidade dos resultados de estudos em RSC deve-se às diferentes técnicas utilizadas como método de coleta, variações nos métodos de cultura, uso prévio de antibiótico, dificuldade de se distinguir agentes colonizadores e patogênicos. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico-prospectivo. OBJETIVO: Estudar a incidência dos microrganismos presentes nos pacientes com RSC na nossa região, através da cultura da secreção do seio maxilar, coletada sob visão endoscópica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal em 62 pacientes com RSC, submetidos à coleta de secreção de seio maxilar por via endoscópica, com material enviado para cultura para diagnóstico microbiológico. RESULTADOS: Das 62 amostras estudadas, em 33 (53,2 por cento) não houve crescimento de microrganismos; 29 (45,2 por cento) apresentaram isolamento de aeróbios; um caso (1,6 por cento) mostrou crescimento de fungo; não houve o isolamento de microrganismos anaeróbios. Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi isolada com maior frequência - em 8 amostras (27,6 por cento), Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis em 4 amostras cada um (13,9 por cento), Streptococcus pneumoniae em 3 amostras (10,4 por cento), outros Gram-negativos em 17 amostras (31 por cento). CONCLUSÃO: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, outras bactérias Gram-negativas e Staphylococcus spp constituíram a microbiota predominante nos seios paranasais de pacientes com RSC.
There isn't definitive and consistent data concerning the distribution of bacterial species in patients with Chronic Sinusitis (CS). The variability of the results from studies in CS may be due to the different techniques used as collection method, variations in culture methods, previous antibiotic use, and difficulty in distinguishing bacterial flora from pathogenic agents. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical prospective. AIM: To identify the incidence of microorganisms in patients with CRS by growing bacteria from the secretion of the maxillary sinus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 62 patients that had undergone FESS for treatment of chronic sinusitis; cultures from the maxillary sinus were obtained. RESULTS: 62 samples, 33 (53.2 percent) had no growth; 29 (45.2 percent) counts of aerobic bacteria; one case (1.6 percent) of fungus growth; we did not find anaerobic bacteria. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the one more frequently found - 8 samples (27.6 percent), Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in 4 samples each; Streptococcus pneumoniae in 3 samples (10.4 percent); other Gram negative agents in 17 samples (31 percent). CONCLUSION: In the present study we concluded that Pseudomonas aeruginosa, other Gram negatives bacteria and Staphylococcus spp were the representatives of the bacterial flora found in the paranasal sinuses of patients with CS.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Fungi/isolation & purification , Maxillary Sinus/microbiology , Maxillary Sinusitis/microbiology , Brazil , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Maxillary Sinus , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: There is still controversy on which is the best method to collect the secretion directly from the middle meatus or maxillary sinus in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of bacteria in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and compare the suction trap collector to direct aspiration attached to a syringe for the microbiological analysis of these secretions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study involving 31 patients who underwent endoscopically guided maxillary secretion aspiration by two different methods (aspiration with the collector tube "suction trap" and aspiration with the use of a catheter connected to a syringe), to determine the microbiological diagnosis and to compare the two methods used. RESULTS: microorganisms grew samples collected from 55% of the 31 patients. The most frequent bacteria were S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. The results from cultures were similar between the two methods in 71% of patients. CONCLUSION: S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic Gram-negative bacteria make up the main flora in the maxillary sinus of the patients. There was good correlation between the microbiological results obtained by using a catheter attached to a syringe and the "suction trap" nasal collector.
Subject(s)
Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Maxillary Sinusitis/microbiology , Rhinitis/microbiology , Specimen Handling/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Specimen Handling/instrumentation , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Young AdultABSTRACT
There is still controversy on which is the best method to collect the secretion directly from the middle meatus or maxillary sinus in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence of bacteria in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and compare the suction trap collector to direct aspiration attached to a syringe for the microbiological analysis of these secretions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study involving 31 patients who underwent endoscopically guided maxillary secretion aspiration by two different methods (aspiration with the collector tube "suction trap" and aspiration with the use of a catheter connected to a syringe), to determine the microbiological diagnosis and to compare the two methods used. RESULTS: microorganisms grew samples collected from 55 percent of the 31 patients. The most frequent bacteria were S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic Gram-negative bacteria. The results from cultures were similar between the two methods in 71 percent of patients. CONCLUSION: S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other aerobic Gram-negative bacteria make up the main flora in the maxillary sinus of the patients. There was good correlation between the microbiological results obtained by using a catheter attached to a syringe and the "suction trap" nasal collector.
Atualmente existe controvérsia sobre qual a melhor forma de se coletar secreção do meato médio ou seio maxilar em pacientes com rinossinusite crônica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de bactérias em pacientes com rinossinusite crônica e comparar o método de aspiração direta com seringa e coletor estéril como forma de análise microbiológica desses pacientes. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo em 31 pacientes submetidos à coleta de secreção do seio maxilar sob visão endoscópica por dois métodos diferentes (aspiração com coletor estéril de secreção nasal "suction trap" e aspiração usando cateter com seringa acoplada), para determinação do diagnóstico microbiológico e comparação dos métodos utilizados. RESULTADOS: Dos 31 pacientes estudados, o crescimento de microrganismos foi observado em apenas 55 por cento das amostras cultivadas. Os microorganismos mais frequentes foram Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e outras bactérias aeróbicas Gram-negativas. Os resultados das culturas foram coincidentes entre os dois métodos em 71 por cento dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e outras bactérias aeróbicas Gram-negativas constituem a flora predominante em pacientes com rinossinusite crônica. Houve correlação satisfatória entre os achados microbiológicos obtidos pelo uso de cateter acoplado à seringa com o do coletor nasal do tipo "suction trap".
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Gram-Negative Bacteria/isolation & purification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/isolation & purification , Maxillary Sinusitis/microbiology , Rhinitis/microbiology , Specimen Handling/methods , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Gram-Negative Bacteria/classification , Gram-Positive Bacteria/classification , Prospective Studies , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Specimen Handling/instrumentation , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Young AdultABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Epistaxis is the main otorhinolaryngology emergency and, in severe cases, it can lead to hemodynamic instability and be life threatening. AIM: To evaluate factors involved in epistaxis resistant to nasal packing that needed surgical treatment, as well as post-surgical results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study from January 2002 to August 2007. 40 consecutive patients that underwent surgical treatment for refractory epistaxis were analyzed. Predisposing factors, procedures performed, need of blood transfusion, and recurrence were evaluated. RESULTS: Otorhinolaryngology post operative complications (37.5%), high blood pressure (30%), and coagulopathy (15%) were the main factors related to epistaxis. 50% of the patients (n=20) presented with hemodynamic instability and 90% of them (n=18) needed blood transfusion. Eletrocauterization of the bleeding site was enough in 35% of these patients (n=14), while in 65% (n=26) was necessary cauterization and/or arterial ligation. Five patients (12.5%) had bleeding recurrence, which needed re-operation. CONCLUSION: Earlier indications of surgical treatment to control severe and refractory epistaxis to conventional treatment, especially in a population with high risk such as post operative bleeding and coagulopathies, may decrease the need of blood transfusion.
Subject(s)
Epistaxis/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cautery , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Ligation , Male , Middle Aged , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Epistaxis is the main otorhinolaryngology emergency and, in severe cases, it can lead to hemodynamic instability and be life threatening. AIM: To evaluate factors involved in epistaxis resistant to nasal packing that needed surgical treatment, as well as post-surgical results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study from January 2002 to August 2007. 40 consecutive patients that underwent surgical treatment for refractory epistaxis were analyzed. Predisposing factors, procedures performed, need of blood transfusion, and recurrence were evaluated. RESULTS: Otorhinolaryngology post operative complications (37.5 percent), high blood pressure (30 percent), and coagulopathy (15 percent) were the main factors related to epistaxis. 50 percent of the patients (n=20) presented with hemodynamic instability and 90 percent of them (n=18) needed blood transfusion. Eletrocauterization of the bleeding site was enough in 35 percent of these patients (n=14), while in 65 percent (n=26) was necessary cauterization and/or arterial ligation. Five patients (12.5 percent) had bleeding recurrence, which needed re-operation. CONCLUSION: Earlier indications of surgical treatment to control severe and refractory epistaxis to conventional treatment, especially in a population with high risk such as post operative bleeding and coagulopathies, may decrease the need of blood transfusion.
A epistaxe é a principal emergência otorrinolaringológica e, em casos graves, pode comprometer a estabilidade hemodinâmica colocando em risco a vida do paciente. OBJETIVO: Avaliar fatores envolvidos na epistaxe e a evolução de pacientes que necessitaram de tratamento cirúrgico em casos refratários a tratamento com tamponamento nasal. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo transversal, sendo avaliados 40 pacientes consecutivos com epistaxe refratária a tratamento clínico convencional que necessitaram de tratamento cirúrgico, entre o período de janeiro de 2002 a agosto de 2007. Foram avaliados fatores relacionados à epistaxe, bem como os resultados pós-operatórios. RESULTADOS: Os principais fatores relacionados foram complicações pós-operatórias de cirurgia otorrinolaringológica (37,5 por cento), hipertensão arterial sistêmica (30 por cento) e coagulopatia (15 por cento). Como complicação da epistaxe, 50 por cento (n=20) apresentaram instabilidade hemodinâmica e 90 por cento desses (n=18) necessitaram de transfusão sanguínea. Em 35 por cento dos pacientes (n=14) foi necessária apenas a cauterização elétrica do sítio sangrante, enquanto que 65 por cento (n=26) necessitaram de cauterização e/ou ligadura vascular. Em cinco casos (12,5 por cento) houve recorrência da epistaxe necessitando de reintervenção cirúrgica. CONCLUSÕES: Em pacientes sob risco de epistaxe grave, como sangramento pós-operatório e coagulopatia, indicações cirúrgicas mais precoces poderiam diminuir a necessidade de transfusões sanguíneas.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Epistaxis/surgery , Cautery , Cross-Sectional Studies , Ligation , Reoperation , Retrospective Studies , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Rhinosinusitis is a severe sickness and may have serious complications. Orbital complications happen more often, due to anatomical particularities and are lethal in 5% of patients. They vary from inflammatory signs to proptosis, loss of ocular motility and blindness. AIM: We propose a new classification of acute rhinosinusitis complications. METHODS: A review of 83 patients with CT scan and clinical reports. Patients were evaluated at HCFMRP-USP between 1995 and 2005 and were diagnosed with complicated rhinosinusitis. RESULTS: In sixty-six patients, were identified three types of orbital complications: orbital cellulitis (46.9%), subperiosteal abscess (40.9%) and orbital abscess (12.1%). Seventeen were considered as eyelid infections and excluded from this new classification system. CONCLUSIONS: The existing classifications of orbital complications, as Chandlers, do not consider the orbits anatomical characteristics and became obsolete after the development of the CT scan. This study proposes a new, more objective classification to guide the physician in establishing lines of conduct for each case.
Subject(s)
Abscess/etiology , Cellulitis/etiology , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Rhinitis/complications , Sinusitis/complications , Abscess/diagnostic imaging , Acute Disease , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cellulitis/diagnostic imaging , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Orbital Diseases/classification , Orbital Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Retrospective Studies , Rhinitis/diagnostic imaging , Sinusitis/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A rinossinusite é uma doença potencialmente grave, e pode apresentar sérias complicações. As orbitárias são as mais freqüentes, graças às peculiaridades anatômicas desta região, podendo levar à morte em 5 por cento dos casos. Os sintomas variam desde sinais flogísticos periorbitários até proptose do globo ocular, oftalmoplegia e amaurose. OBJETIVOS: Proposição de uma nova classificação para as complicações orbitárias das rinossinusites agudas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Revisão de TC e prontuários de 83 pacientes atendidos no Hospital das Clínicas da FMRP-USP, entre os anos de 1995 a 2005, com rinossinusites agudas complicadas. RESULTADOS: Após a revisão das TC e história clínica, foram identificadas em sessenta e seis pacientes, três tipos de complicações orbitárias: celulite orbitária (46,9 por cento), abscesso subperiosteal (40,9 por cento) e abscesso orbitário (12,1 por cento). Dezessete foram considerados como infecções palpebrais, ficando excluídos da nova classificação. CONCLUSÃO: As classificações das complicações orbitárias existentes na atualidade, como a de Chandler, não levam em conta os parâmetros anatômicos da órbita e tornaram-se obsoletas com o advento da TC. Este estudo propõe uma classificação mais concisa e objetiva que ajude a guiar a conduta terapêutica de forma mais linear.
Rhinosinusitis is a severe sickness and may have serious complications. Orbital complications happen more often, due to anatomical particularities and are lethal in 5 percent of patients. They vary from inflammatory signs to proptosis, loss of ocular motility and blindness. AIM: We propose a new classification of acute rhinosinusitis complications. METHODS: A review of 83 patients with CT scan and clinical reports. Patients were evaluated at HCFMRP-USP between 1995 and 2005 and were diagnosed with complicated rhinosinusitis. RESULTS: In sixty-six patients, were identified three types of orbital complications: orbital cellulitis (46. 9 percent), subperiosteal abscess (40. 9 percent) and orbital abscess (12.1 percent). Seventeen were considered as eyelid infections and excluded from this new classification system. CONCLUSIONS: The existing classifications of orbital complications, as Chandlers, do not consider the orbits anatomical characteristics and became obsolete after the development of the CT scan. This study proposes a new, more objective classification to guide the physician in establishing lines of conduct for each case.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Abscess/etiology , Cellulite/etiology , Orbital Diseases/etiology , Rhinitis/complications , Sinusitis/complications , Acute Disease , Abscess , Cellulite , Orbital Diseases/classification , Orbital Diseases , Retrospective Studies , Rhinitis , Sinusitis , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hypodense fluorescein solution can be used intrathecally to facilitate and accelerate the identification of the fistulous site. METHODS: Eighteen patients were submitted for nasal endoscopic correction of rhinogenic cerebrospinal fluid fistulas after their identification with a hypodense sodium fluorescein solution. RESULTS: Intrathecal injection of hypodense fluorescein permitted a rapid and safe identification of the leak and did not present significant side effects. The fistulous site was identified in all patients, and the time needed for staining was <30 minutes in all cases. Surgery was successful in 88% of the patients after only one intervention, with the rate reaching 100% after a secondary intervention in cases of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal injection of a hypodense sodium fluorescein solution permits a more precise, rapid, and safe endoscopic approach, with no need to place the patient in the Trendelenburg position or to wait for a long period of time before starting the surgical procedure.
Subject(s)
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/surgery , Endoscopy/methods , Fistula/diagnosis , Fistula/surgery , Fluoresceins , Fluorescent Dyes , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/diagnosis , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/diagnostic imaging , Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Ethmoid Bone/diagnostic imaging , Ethmoid Bone/surgery , Female , Fistula/complications , Humans , Injections, Spinal , Male , Middle Aged , Paranasal Sinus Diseases/complications , Retrospective Studies , Solutions , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the histological changes of the maxillary sinus mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). METHODS: In a cohort study, biopsy specimens were collected from the maxillary sinus of patients submitted for FESS. One year after surgery, patients were clinically reassessed. Patients showing recurrence of disease (group 1) required a revision surgery, through which a second biopsy specimen was collected. Patients showing a favorable clinical response (group 2) were submitted to an outpatient maxillary biopsy through the previous opened middle meatus antrostomy. Biopsy material from four cadavers was used as control. The histological and electron microscope findings were analyzed. RESULTS: At the initial surgery, patients presented many histopathological alterations, such as an inflammatory process infiltrating the submucosa, atypical respiratory epithelium with an important increase in goblet cells, metaplasia, or mixed epithelium. Group 1 patients persisted with the same alterations 1 year later, but ciliary dysmorphy was more accentuated. Group 2 patients presented a predominantly pseudostratified epithelium, but some areas contained an increased number of goblet cells and a reduction in the number of ciliated cells. CONCLUSION: Recovery of the maxillary sinus mucosa of patients with CRS, observed by electron and light microscopy, was incomplete 1 year after endoscopic surgery, even in nonsymptomatic patients; nevertheless, these alterations were more important in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients.
Subject(s)
Maxillary Sinus/pathology , Mucous Membrane/pathology , Nasal Polyps/surgery , Rhinitis/pathology , Sinusitis/pathology , Chronic Disease , Epithelium/ultrastructure , Humans , Maxillary Sinus/ultrastructure , Mucous Membrane/ultrastructure , Recurrence , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Graves disease may lead to exophthalmos that is cosmetically unacceptable or causes visual loss. This has been managed surgically by external orbital decompression. However, a new minimally invasive endoscopic orbital decompression technique is now possible, with resection of the medial and posterior portion of the orbital limits requiring no cutaneous or gingival incisions. This technique produces decompression comparable to that obtained by external techniques. Endoscopic orbital decompression is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of thyroid orbitopathy.
Subject(s)
Decompression, Surgical/methods , Graves Ophthalmopathy/surgery , Endoscopy/methods , Humans , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A orbitopatia de Graves pode levar à exoftalmia significativa com alterações cosméticas até à própria perda visual. O tratamento cirúrgico desta doença era então realizado através de descompressão orbitária por via externa. Entretanto, técnicas minimamente invasivas através da descompressão orbitária por via endoscópica agora são possíveis, possibilitando a remoção da parede medial e inferior da órbita sem a realização de incisões cutâneas ou gengivais, permitindo a redução média da proptose comparável com as técnicas externas. Este artigo de revisão tem por objetivo descrever os passos técnicos em detalhe, enfocando suas vantagens e desvantagens. A descompressão orbitária por via endoscópica é um procedimento seguro e efetivo para o tratamento da exoftalmia tireoideana.
Subject(s)
Humans , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Graves Ophthalmopathy/surgery , Endoscopy/methods , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
A Dacriocistorrinostomia (DCR) consiste em criar uma via de drenagem lacrimal para a cavidade nasal, tendo como objetivo restabelecer a drenagem permanente deste sistema excretor previamente obstruído. OBJETIVO: Relatar nossos resultados com a técnica de DCR endoscópica, expondo vantagens e desvantagens em relação à técnica externa. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Coorte histórica. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram analisadas retrospectivamente trinta e duas dacriocistorrinostomias realizadas pela Disciplina de Otorrinolaringologia de março de 2002 a janeiro de 2004 em pacientes com obstrução pós-saco lacrimal comprovada por dacriocistografia (DCG). Todos foram submetidos à sondagem com sonda de Crawford. RESULTADOS: Dos vinte e dois pacientes analisados, a cirurgia foi bilateral em dez totalizando trinta e dois procedimentos, sendo vinte e nove cirurgias primárias e três casos revisionais de insucessos com DCR externa. Nossa taxa de sucesso foi de 79,12 por cento. CONCLUSÕES: A DCR endoscópica mostrou ser uma técnica segura, com baixa morbidade, além de evitar cicatrizes faciais e manter o mecanismo de bomba lacrimal, com resultados semelhantes à DCR externa.
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Dacryocystorhinostomy/methods , Endoscopy/methods , Lacrimal Duct Obstruction/surgery , Nasolacrimal Duct/surgery , Dacryocystorhinostomy/standards , Epidemiologic Methods , Endoscopy/standards , Fluorescein , Lacrimal Duct Obstruction/diagnosis , Reoperation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a procedure used to create a lachrymal drainage pathway into the nasal cavity in order to reestablish the permanent drainage of a previously obstructed excretory system. AIM: to report our results obtained with endoscopic DCR technique, describing its advantages and disadvantages STUDY DESIGN: Historic cohort. MATERIAL AND METHOD: we retrospectively analyzed thirty-two dacryocystorhinostomies performed at the Otorhinolaryngology Discipline from March 2002 to January 2004 on patients with post-lachrymal sac obstruction confirmed by dacryocystorhinography (DCG). In all cases, the patients were submitted to probing with Crawford probe. RESULTS: surgery was bilateral in ten of the twenty-two analyzed patients, totaling thirty-two procedures, twenty-nine of which were primary surgeries and three revision procedures after unsuccessful external DCR. Our success rate was 79.12%. CONCLUSIONS: endoscopic DCR proved to be a safe and low morbidity technique, which also avoids facial scars and maintains the mechanism of the lachrymal pump, with results similar to those obtained with external DCR.