Global prevalence of norovirus gastroenteritis after emergence of the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Norovirus is widely recognized as a leading cause of both sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups. The GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant has consistently prevailed since 2012, distinguishing itself from other variants that typically circulate for a period of 2-4 years. Objective: This review aims to systematically summarize the prevalence of norovirus gastroenteritis following emergence of the GII.4 Sydney 2012 variant. Methods: Data were collected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases spanning the period between January 2012 and August 2022. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the global prevalence and distribution patterns of norovirus gastroenteritis from 2012 to 2022. Results: The global pooled prevalence of norovirus gastroenteritis was determined to be 19.04% (16.66-21.42%) based on a comprehensive analysis of 70 studies, which included a total of 85,798 sporadic cases with acute gastroenteritis and identified 15,089 positive cases for norovirus. The prevalence rate is higher in winter than other seasons, and there are great differences among countries and age groups. The pooled attack rate of norovirus infection is estimated to be 36.89% (95% CI, 36.24-37.55%), based on a sample of 6,992 individuals who tested positive for norovirus out of a total population of 17,958 individuals exposed during outbreak events. Conclusion: The global prevalence of norovirus gastroenteritis is always high, necessitating an increased emphasis on prevention and control strategies with vaccine development for this infectious disease, particularly among the children under 5 years old and the geriatric population (individuals over 60 years old).

Review and risk information management of neuropathy induced by emerging anti-tumor drugs / 药物流行病学杂志

As an increasing number of emerging anti-tumor drugs are approved and marketed,the imperative for clinical safety monitoring and risk information management has grown significantly.Drug-induced neuropathy associated with these drugs exhibit characteristics such as insidious onset,rapid progression,and challenging treatment,ultimately leading to treatment failures.Therefore,a comprehensive understanding of the risk of neuropathy induced by emerging anti-tumor drugs,coupled with risk surveillance and early warning,as well as management and reporting,can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of drug-related diseases.This paper provides a review of the neuropathy caused by emerging anti-tumor drugs,introduces the pharmacovigilance system and risk information management measures in clinical usage,aiming to provide a reference for guiding the rational clinical use and minimizing the incidence of drug-induced diseases.

Evaluation of Renal Impairment in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease by Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the factors related to renal impairment in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) from the perspective of integrated Chinese and Western medicine.@*METHODS@#Totally 492 patients with DKD in 8 Chinese hospitals from October 2017 to July 2019 were included. According to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) staging guidelines, patients were divided into a chronic kidney disease (CKD) 1-3 group and a CKD 4-5 group. Clinical data were collected, and logistic regression was used to analyze the factors related to different CKD stages in DKD patients.@*RESULTS@#Demographically, male was a factor related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD (OR=3.100, P=0.002). In clinical characteristics, course of diabetes >60 months (OR=3.562, P=0.010), anemia (OR=4.176, P<0.001), hyperuricemia (OR=3.352, P<0.001), massive albuminuria (OR=4.058, P=0.002), atherosclerosis (OR=2.153, P=0.007) and blood deficiency syndrome (OR=1.945, P=0.020) were factors related to increased CKD staging in patients with DKD.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Male, course of diabetes >60 months, anemia, hyperuricemia, massive proteinuria, atherosclerosis, and blood deficiency syndrome might indicate more severe degree of renal function damage in patients with DKD. (Registration No. NCT03865914).

Construction of the intelligence scenario for the safe and rational drug use based on massive prescription and medical advice in hospitals / 中国药师

Objective To discuss how to utilize intelligence application scenarios to promote the quality of hospital pharmaceutical care.Methods The literature was consulted and the needs of intelligence application scenarios in hospital pharmacy were systematically sorted out.The construction and practice of intelligence application scenarios in hospitals were introduced combining the pharmaceutical work practice of Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University.Results Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University has gradually established intelligence systems covering the aspects of drug supplies,maintenance,dispensing,prescription checking,clinical pharmacy services and pharmacy management.Intelligent prescription checking and review,intelligent generation of drug procurement and supply plans,acceptance,maintenance,sorting and dispensing has realized.Informatization of the management of intensive monitoring drugs,antibiotics and anesthetic drugs were focused.In the context of scarce human resources,the supplies of drug in hospitals has been ensured,the rational rate of drug use has gradually increased,the utilization rate of antibiotics and the amount of intensive monitoring drugs have gradually decreased.Conclusion Intelligence technology saves human resources,improves the efficiency and quality of pharmaceutical management.The application of intelligence scenarios should be promoted and expanded in hospital pharmacy,and provide innovative human-computer integration pharmacy services.

Research progress of multi-source information fusion technology in quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

The quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine is one of the key issues related to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. The quality evaluation technology system of traditional Chinese medicine mainly includes traditional evaluation (traits, microscopic and physicochemical identification), chemical evaluation and biological evaluation. Due to the complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine, the single detection method in the above evaluation technology system usually cannot obtain sufficient quality information. The multi-source information fusion strategy can organically integrate data from multiple analysis and detection technologies to obtain more comprehensive information of samples and improve the quality evaluation effect. At present, multi-source information fusion strategy has been widely used in the fields of military, industrial and food, and it is still in its infancy in the field of quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine. This research introduces the definition, structure, method (algorithm) and fusion level of multi-source information fusion, summarizes its research progress in the origin traceability, variety identification and pharmaceutical analysis of traditional Chinese medicine, and sorts out the specific methods of data fusion in each literature. Finally, we summarized, prospected and discussed the application, development and existing problems of information fusion technology and its application in the quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine, in order to provide reference for broadening the application of this technology in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.

Analysis on "the essence of tuina, arrival of qi ensuring curative effect" / 中国针灸

In reference with the systematic review of the thought of deqi (arrival of qi) put forward in Huangdi Neijing (Internal Classic of Yellow Emperor) and other classic books of traditional Chinese medicine, in view of detecting qi and identifying qi before treatment, as well as the prerequisites of deqi in tuina, meaning the accurate syndrome differentiation and manipulations, the importance of deqi in treatment with tuina is expounded. In association with clinical experience, the specific manifestations of deqi in patients during tuina are summarized, e.g. soreness, distention, pain, numbness, warm feeling and slight sweating, local changes in intestinal sound and skin color, as well as mind regulation. It is anticipated that deqi of tuina may be drawn the attention in clinical practice, and the relevant study be expanded.

Chinese medicine dispensing granules: history, status quo, and development prospect in "post-pilot era" / 中国中药杂志

Chinese medicine dispensing granules, the result of the efforts to transform Chinese medicinal decoction pieces in China, features portability and ease of storage. Thus, it is destined to be an indispensible dosage form in the modernization drive of Chinese medicine. The Announcement on Ending the Pilot Project of Chinese Medicine Dispensing Granules was released in February 2021 and relevant regulations went into force in November 2021, which marks the a new journey for the development of Chinese medicine dispensing granules and the beginning of the "post-pilot era". However, it faces the challenges in quality and standard. This study reviewed the history of Chinese medicine dispensing granules, analyzed the technical progress, market, and main problems in development, and proposed suggestions and prospects for its development in the "post-pilot era", which is expected to serve as a reference for its industry development and rational use.

Review of Development of Emerging Clinical Antitumor Therapeutics / 肿瘤防治研究

With the continuous progress of tumor treatment methods in recent years, more and more emerging antitumor drugs have been approved to market and put into clinical use. In addition, some treatments that are in clinical trials such as gene therapy are also continuously making new breakthroughs. In this review, we mainly give a brief introduction to the novel antineoplastic therapies that have been clinically used in recent years, as well as the ones with remarkable efficacy and are expected to be approved for marketing.

The Effect of Trunk Motion Control on Biomechanical Parameters of Knee During Landing / 医用生物力学

Objective To determine the effect of trunk motion control on knee biomechanics during single-leg landing. Methods Twenty male healthy basketball players were recruited. The kinematics, kinetics parameters and surface electromyogram (EMG) of knee joints under trunk motion control during single-leg landing were studied by using Vicon motion Analysis system, Kistler force platform and Noraxon surface EMG system. Results Compared with natural landing, there were significant differences in flexion angle at initial contact moment, peak flexion angle and peak flexion moment during deeply inspiratory landing and landing with a stick, and a significantly larger flexion angle at initial contact moment, a larger peak flexion angle and smaller peak flexion moment were also found. Compared with natural landing, there was no statistical difference in peak valgus angle and peak valgus moment, as well as EMG activity of hamstrings, quadriceps muscles of the knee during deeply inspiratory landing and landing with a stick. Conclusions Deeply inspiratory landing or landing with a stick reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, and the results provide the theoretical basis for prevention of ACL injuries in basketball players during landing.

Attenuation of anti-measles antibody in the healthy population aged 1-14 years old in an urban district， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

Objective:To determine the level of anti-measles antibody in healthy population aged 1-14 years old in Shanghai， and project the risk of measles incidence in adult population in the future， which may provide evidence for enhancing the measles immunization strategy. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted to collect the serum of healthy people aged 1-14 years old in an urban district hospital in Shanghai. Serum concentration of anti-measles IgG antibody was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and dynamics of IgG antibody was compared. Results:The prevalence of anti-measles antibody in healthy people aged 1-14 years old was determined to be 95.29%， and the antibody protection rate was 61.86%. There was no significant difference in the distribution of antibody between men and women （P>0.05）. However， there was statistical difference in the distribution of antibody among different age groups （P<0.05）， in which the antibody showed a decreasing trend with age， especially after the age of 10 years. The lowest prevalence of anti-measles antibody and protection rate were observed in the population aged 13-14 years old， which were 87.41% and 22.96%， respectively. The GMT was 2.667 1 （equal to the concentration of anti-measles IgG antibody being 464.62 mIU/mL）. According to the fitting model Ŷ =3.217-0.04X（R2=0.943，P<0.05）， the antibody protection rate was projected to decrease to zero in the population aged 19-20 years old， whereas the anti-measles antibody was to zero in the population aged 29-30 years old . Conclusion:As there is almost no natural infection of measles，the anti-measles antibody after measles vaccine immunization showed a linearly decreasing trend with age after measles immunization．It is recommended that people aged 10-15 years should be administered intensive immunization for prevention of adults measles，which could be incorporated into current measles immunization strategies.

Effects of Ankle Taping on Knee Biomechanics during Dominant-Legged Drop Landing / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the effect of ankle taping (restriction of ankle varus and plantar flexion) on biomechanical characteristics of the knee during drop landing on the dominant leg. Methods Eighteen amateur athletes performed the dominant-legged drop landing under two different ankle conditions (with or without taping). Vicon three-dimensional (3D) motion capture system, Kistler force plate and Noraxon surface electromyography (sEMG) system were used to collect kinetic, kinematic and sEMG data for statistical analysis. Results Compared with control group, ankle taping significantly increased flexion angle at initial contact and maximum flexion angle, while significantly decreased the maximum valgus angle. Conclusions The restriction of varus and plantar flexion might reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The intervention with ankle taping could modify biomechanical parameters of the knee during drop landing. The ankle taping by restriction of ankle varus and plantar flexion may be an effective measure to prevent ACL injury for collegiate athletes.

Change laws of water absorption in Chinese herbal pieces and prediction model of relative density for Chinese medicine decoction / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the change laws of water absorption in Chinese herbal pieces and establish the prediction model of relative density for Chinese medicine compound decoction. Firstly, fitted equations of water absorption and decocting time was established by observing the change laws of water absorption in 36 kinds of Chinese herbal pieces in 12 groups(according to the drug-parts) with decocting time. The r value of the mineral group and other type group was 0.691 2 and 0.663 3, respectively. The r value of the remaining 10 groups was 0.802 2-0.925 4. All P values were less than 0.05(n=21). The formula of the amount of water added was optimized by combining the fitted equations with determined water absorption, and the liquid yield could be controlled in a range of 100%±10%. Secondly, it was determined that the liquid density tester could be used for the rapid determination of relative density of Chinese medicine decoction after methodological study and comparison with the pycnometer method. The linear regression equation between the corrected relative density(y) and extraction ratio(%, x) was built by measuring and analyzing the related parameters such as liquid yield, relative density and extraction ratio in 46 kinds of Chinese herbal pieces. The established equation was y=0.041 3x+1.003 7, r=0.930 9(P <0.01, n=46), with linear range of 1.94%-65.75%. Based on this, the prototype model for predicting relative density of Chinese medicine decoction was established, and the relative densities of 8 Chinese medicine decoctions were within the prediction interval of this model in verification. This study lays a foundation for database construction of Chinese medicine decoction, implementation of personalized decocting mode and rapid quality control of Chinese medicine decoction.

Alcohol consumption analysis among patients with liver disease in China / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Alcohol consumption has been observed to be a contributing factor in liver damage. However, very few studies have tried to decipher the correlation between patients with liver disease and alcohol consumption. Therefore, this study was planned to determine the prevalence of alcohol consumption among patients with liver disease, and to evaluate the risk factors, liver diseases, and chronic medical conditions associated with alcohol drinking.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with liver disease in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities across China. All participants answered the questionnaire, which led to the calculation of Alcohol Use Disorders Inventory Test (AUDIT) score for each patient. Based on this score, low-risk drinkers, hazardous drinkers, and harmful drinkers were defined as having AUDIT score of <8, between 8 and 15, and ≥16, respectively.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1489 participants completed the questionnaire. Based on this information, 900 (60.44%) participants were classified as alcohol drinkers. Among these, 8.66% were ex-drinkers, 22.10% were low-risk drinkers, 17.13% were hazardous drinkers, and 12.56% were harmful drinkers. Further investigation of the association between alcohol consumption and other baseline characteristics of patients with liver disease revealed that usually men <40 years old, participants having higher family annual income, having college degree or higher education, living alone, having higher body mass index (BMI), current smokers, and ex-smokers had significant association with higher risk of alcohol consumption. In addition, among the 18.07% of the participants with cirrhosis, it was observed that risk of cirrhosis increased with higher alcohol consumption. Furthermore, harmful drinkers showed greater odds of hypertension and heart diseases, while hazardous drinkers and harmful drinkers, both had greater odds of hyperlipidemia.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Overall our analyses indicated that among the patients with liver disease in China, there was high rate of alcohol consumption and dependence. Alcohol consumption usually associated with men <40 years old, higher family income, education level, living alone, high BMI, and smoking. Increased alcohol consumption not only increased the risk of cirrhosis, but also enhanced the risk of hypertension, heart diseases, and hyperlipidemia.

Detection and segmentation of multi-class artifacts in endoscopy / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Endoscopy may be used for early screening of various cancers, such as nasopharyngeal cancer, esophageal adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and bladder cancer, and performing minimal invasive surgical procedures, such as laparoscopy surgery. During this procedure, an endoscope is used; it is a long, thin, rigid, or flexible tube having a light source and a camera at the tip, which facilitates visualization inside the affected organs on a screen and helps doctors in diagnosis.

Establishment and evaluation of a rabbit model of premature ovarian failure induced by cyclophosphamide / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To compare different regimens of intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX) to establish a rabbit model of premature ovarian failure (POF), and provide a useful experimental tool for further research of premature ovarian failure. Methods A total of twenty-one 5-6 months old rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups. The group A (normal control group) included 3 rabbits without any treatment. The group B (the first model group) included 6 rabbits, received a single intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. Six rabbits in the group C (the second model group) were injected with 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide once daily for 2 days. The group D (the third model group, also n=6) was injected with 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide on the first day and then followed by 8 mg/ (kg·d) injection q.d. in the 14 consecutive days. Body weight and ovary weight of the rabbits in each group were measured, and the changes of body weight and the ovary index were analyzed. Morphological changes of the ovarian follicles were observed by HE staining and the numbers of normal and abnormal follicles at different developmental stages were counted and analyzed. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining and changes in the serum levels of estradiol (E2) were detected by ELISA. Results The body weight of rabbits in both groups B and group C was not significantly changed during the experimental period (P＞ 0. 05). Rabbits in the group D showed a slight growth (P ＜ 0. 05) and high mortality. The ovary index in group C was significantly lower than that in the group A (P ＜ 0. 05). The ratios of abnormal primordial and primary follicles in groups B and C were significantly increased (P ＜ 0. 017), and the ratio of abnormal primordial follicles in the group C was increased more significantly (P ＜ 0. 017). However, there was no significant difference in the ratios of abnormal primary follicles between groups B and C (P＞ 0. 017). Among the groups A, B and C, there was no significant difference in the ratios of abnormal secondary and antral follicles (P＞ 0. 05). Apoptosis mainly occurred in granulosa cells of the ovarian follicles. The apoptosis rate of groups B and C was significantly higher than that in the group A (P ＜ 0. 05), and the apoptosis rate of group C was higher than that in the group B (P ＜ 0. 05). In the group B, the serum E2 level reached the peak value on the 7th day, significantly higher than that on the 35th day (P ＜ 0. 05), and then the level was decreased gradually. In the group C, the E2 level was continuously decreased and the level on the last day before drug injection was significantly higher than that at the 35th day (P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusions Intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg cyclophosphamide once daily for 2 days is a most suitable method for the establishment of rabbit model of premature ovarian failure (POF).

Artificial Cycle with or without a Depot Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist for Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer: An Assessment of Infertility Type that Is Most Suitable / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The clinical outcomes of five groups of infertility patients receiving frozenthawed,cleavage-stage embryo transfers with exogenous hormone protocols with or without a depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist were assessed.A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 1003 cycles undergoing frozen-thawed,cleavage-stage embryo transfers from January 1,2012 to June 31,2015 in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region.Based on the infertility etiologies of the patients,the 1003 cycles were divided into five groups:tubal infertility,polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),endometriosis,male infertility,and unexplained infertility.The main outcome was the live birth rate.Two groups were set up based on the intervention:group A was given a GnRH agonist with exogenous estrogen and progesterone,and group B (control group) was given exogenous estrogen and progesterone only.The results showed that the baseline serum hormone levels and basic characteristics of the patients were not significantly different between groups A and B.The live birth rates in groups A and B were 41.67％ and 29.29％,respectively (P＜0.05).The live birth rates in patients with PCOS in groups A and B were 56.25％ and 30.61％,respectively (P＜0.05).The clinical pregnancy,implantation and on-going pregnancy rates showed the same trends as the live birth rates between groups A and B.The ectopic pregnancy rate was significantly lower in group A than in group B.We concluded that the live birth rate was higher and other clinical outcomes were more satisfactory with GnRH agonist cotreatment than without GnRH agonist co-treatment for frozen-thawed embryo transfer.The GnRH agonist combined with exogenous estrogen and progesterone worked for all types of infertility tested,especially for women with PCOS.

Artificial Cycle with or without a Depot Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist for Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer: An Assessment of Infertility Type that Is Most Suitable / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The clinical outcomes of five groups of infertility patients receiving frozenthawed,cleavage-stage embryo transfers with exogenous hormone protocols with or without a depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist were assessed.A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on 1003 cycles undergoing frozen-thawed,cleavage-stage embryo transfers from January 1,2012 to June 31,2015 in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region.Based on the infertility etiologies of the patients,the 1003 cycles were divided into five groups:tubal infertility,polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS),endometriosis,male infertility,and unexplained infertility.The main outcome was the live birth rate.Two groups were set up based on the intervention:group A was given a GnRH agonist with exogenous estrogen and progesterone,and group B (control group) was given exogenous estrogen and progesterone only.The results showed that the baseline serum hormone levels and basic characteristics of the patients were not significantly different between groups A and B.The live birth rates in groups A and B were 41.67％ and 29.29％,respectively (P＜0.05).The live birth rates in patients with PCOS in groups A and B were 56.25％ and 30.61％,respectively (P＜0.05).The clinical pregnancy,implantation and on-going pregnancy rates showed the same trends as the live birth rates between groups A and B.The ectopic pregnancy rate was significantly lower in group A than in group B.We concluded that the live birth rate was higher and other clinical outcomes were more satisfactory with GnRH agonist cotreatment than without GnRH agonist co-treatment for frozen-thawed embryo transfer.The GnRH agonist combined with exogenous estrogen and progesterone worked for all types of infertility tested,especially for women with PCOS.

MACF1 knockdown in glioblastoma multiforme cells increases temozolomide-induced cytotoxicity / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of microtubule-actin crosslinking factor 1 (MACF1) in the response of glioma cells to temozolomide (TMZ).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>TMZ was applied to a human gliomablastoma cell line (U87) and changes in the protein expression and cellular localization were determined with Western blot, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. The responses of the cells with MACF1 expression knockdown by RNA interference to TMZ were assessed. TMZ-induced effects on MACF1 expression were also assessed by immunohistochemistry in a nude mouse model bearing human glioblastoma xenografts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TMZ resulted in significantly increased MACF1 expression (by about 2 folds) and changes in its localization in the gliomablastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo (P<0.01). Knockdown of MACF1 reduced the proliferation (by 45%) of human glioma cell lines treated with TMZ (P<0.01). TMZ-induced changes in MACF1 expression was accompanied by cytoskeletal rearrangement.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MACF1 may be a potential therapeutic target for glioblastoma.</p>

Efficacy of Real-world Entecavir Therapy in Treatment-naïve Chronic Hepatitis B Patients / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background:</b>Entecavir (ETV) has been shown to be effective in randomized controlled trials in highly selected patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ETV in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in the real-world setting.</p><p><b>Methods:</b>A total of 233 treatment-naïve, CHB patients who received at least 12 months of ETV treatment were included in this retrospective study. Rates of virological response (VR), hepatitis B s antigen (HBsAg) loss, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) clearance/seroconversion, virological breakthrough, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma were evaluated.</p><p><b>Results:</b>Of 233 patients, 175 patients were male, with mean age of 43 years old, and 135 patients were HBeAg positive. The mean baseline levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and HBV DNA in all patients were 230 U/L and 6.6 log 10 IU/ml, respectively. The mean follow-up period was 28 months. The cumulative rates of achieving VR increased from 3.4% at 3 months to 94.4% at 60 months. Primary nonresponse occurred in 3 (1.3%) patients. Partial VR (PVR) occurred in 61 (26.2%) patients at 12 months. The baseline serum HBV DNA level (hazard ratio [HR], 2.054; P < 0.001) was an independent risk factor for PVR. HBsAg loss did not occur. The cumulative rates of HBeAg clearance increased from 2.2% at 3 months to 28.2% at 60 months. PVR was the significant determinant of HBeAg clearance (HR, 0.341; P = 0.026). Age (HR, 1.072; P = 0.013) and PVR (HR, 5.131; P = 0.017) were the significant determinants of cirrhosis.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b>ETV treatment was effective for HBV DNA suppression in this study, but HBsAg loss and HBeAg clearance/seroconversion rates were lower compared with previous clinical trials. PVR was associated with HBeAg clearance and cirrhosis.</p>

Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome distribution and neuroendocrine mechanisms of irritable bowel syndrome: cross-sectional study / 中国中药杂志

In order to clarify the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome distribution and pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), the patients in the first affiliated hospital of Guangzhou university of Chinese medicine were enrolled for the cross-sectional study. The data of 12 sociological variables, 13 risk factors, 84 symptoms and signs variables(in 9 aspects), and 19 neuroendocrine indices were extracted for group-between analysis with one-way ANOVA, chi-square test and nonparametric test, and the relationship analysis between clinical symptoms and diseases sub-types was done with binary Logistic regression. In addition, the patterns of TCM syndromes were divided by several syndrome factors to analyze the difference in neuroendocrine indices between various patterns and syndrome factors. A total of 383 IBS patients were enrolled, including 353(92.2%) cases of diarrhea, 14(3.7%) cases of constipation and 16(4.1%) cases of mixed types. In IBS-diarrhea patients, there were 291(76.0%), 18(4.7%), 48(12.5%) and 26(6.8%)cases of syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency (sLDSD), syndrome of liver depression and qi stagnation (sLDQS), syndrome of dampness-heat in the spleen and stomach (sDHSS), and syndrome of spleen deficiency with dampness encumbrance (sSDDE) respectively. There was significant differences in blood groups between IBS-diarrhea patients, IBS-constipation patients and IBS-mixed types patients; their disease classification was significantly correlated with the allergies, drinking, irregular meals habits, no or less vacations, and other causes of morbidity (P<0.05, f<0.3). A total of 15 symptoms and signs variables (e.g., chills, facial abnormalities, epigastric fullness, etc.) had significant differences between different groups (P<0.05), and 5, 8, 5 variables were respective independent factors for IBS-diarrhea, constipation and mixed type. There was no significant difference in neuroendocrine indices between various groups. The sLDSD, sLDQS, sDHSS, sSDDE patients had significant differences in genders, living conditions and occupations, and the TCM syndrome type was significantly correlated with the drinking, smoking, no or less breakfast, less than 8 sleeping hours(P<0.05, f<0.3). Meanwhile, a total of 14 symptoms and signs variables (e.g., dysphoria heat, fatigue, stretching, etc.) had significant differences between various groups(P<0.05) and 3, 4, 6, 3 variables were respective independent factors for sLDSD, sLDQS, sDHSS, and sSDDE. There were significant differences in acetylcholine(Ach) and angiotensin Ⅱ(AT-Ⅱ) between the sLDSD group and sSDDE group. There were significant difference in Ach, AT-Ⅱ, adrenotrophin(ACTH) and estradiol (E2) in comparison between several pattern factors. This study preliminary identified the sociological characters, risk factors, syndromes distribution, diseases and subgroup mechanisms of this disease. More samples and multi-centers are required for future study to improve the scientificity and representativeness.