Subject(s)
Nurseries, Infant , Cannula , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , NoseABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in the first year of life and the influence of different neonatal factors on development of FGIDs. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective cohort multicenter study including neonates, consecutively enrolled at birth, and followed up until 1 year. Gestational age, neonatal antibiotic administration, duration of hospitalization, mode of delivery, birth weight, and feeding pattern were recorded. FGIDs were classified according to Rome III criteria and assessed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of life. RESULTS: Among 1152 newborns enrolled, 934 (81.1%) completed the study, 302 (32%) were newborns born preterm, 320 (34%) had neonatal antibiotics, and 718 (76.9%) had at least 1 FGID according to Rome III criteria (443 [47.4%] infantile colic, 374 [40.0%] regurgitation, 297 [31.8%] infant dyschezia, 248 [26.6%] functional constipation, and 34 [3.6%] functional diarrhea) throughout the first year of life. The proportion of infants born preterm presenting with FGIDs (86%) was significantly greater compared with infants born full term (72.5%) (χ2 = 21.3, P = .0001). On multivariate analysis, prematurity and neonatal use of antibiotics was significantly associated with at least 1 FGID. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high rate FGIDs in infants, likely related to the population recruited, the long observation period, the diagnosis based on Rome III criteria, and parental reports. Preterm delivery and neonatal use of antibiotics in the first months of life are associated with an increased incidence of FGIDs, particularly infantile colic and regurgitation. In our population, cesarean delivery and feeding pattern at 1 month of life emerged as additional risk factors for infant dyschezia and functional diarrhea. Other neonatal factors associated with FGIDs need to be further explored.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology , Premature Birth/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Case-Control Studies , Cesarean Section/statistics & numerical data , Female , Gastrointestinal Diseases/etiology , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant , Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology , Infant, Premature, Diseases/etiology , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Male , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
O presente trabalho objetivou estimar alguns parâmetros genotípicos e fenotípicos de onze caracteres agronômicos em cinco populações de soja nas gerações F5 e F6, assim como recomendar o critério de seleção mais promissor. As populações foram conduzidas no esquema experimental de linhas segregantes intercaladas com cultivares-padrão nos anos agrícolas 2003/04 e 2004/05, em áreas de reforma de canavial, em Jaboticabal, SP. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as médias das populações foram superiores ou muito próximas das médias dos cultivares-padrão. Para número de dias para maturação, a seleção para precocidade e a ocorrência da ferrugem asiática nos genótipos F5 mais tardios foram possíveis agentes responsáveis pela redução do ciclo. Quanto aos demais caracteres foram obtidos valores adequados com as exigências para o cultivo em rotação com a cana-de-açúcar. As estimativas de herdabilidade no sentido amplo e restrito foram próximas, indicando que a maior parte da variância genética é de natureza aditiva, principalmente para os caracteres secundários da produção. Recomenda-se a seleção entre famílias preferencialmente, segundo análise dos componentes de variâncias, sendo constatada que a capacidade produtiva das populações pode ainda ser melhorada, mediante imposição de processo seletivo, com eliminação das famílias medíocres.
ABSTRACT
O presente trabalho objetivou estimar alguns parâmetros genotípicos e fenotípicos de onze caracteres agronômicos em cinco populações de soja nas gerações F5 e F6, assim como recomendar o critério de seleção mais promissor. As populações foram conduzidas no esquema experimental de linhas segregantes intercaladas com cultivares-padrão nos anos agrícolas 2003/04 e 2004/05, em áreas de reforma de canavial, em Jaboticabal, SP. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que as médias das populações foram superiores ou muito próximas das médias dos cultivares-padrão. Para número de dias para maturação, a seleção para precocidade e a ocorrência da ferrugem asiática nos genótipos F5 mais tardios foram possíveis agentes responsáveis pela redução do ciclo. Quanto aos demais caracteres foram obtidos valores adequados com as exigências para o cultivo em rotação com a cana-de-açúcar. As estimativas de herdabilidade no sentido amplo e restrito foram próximas, indicando que a maior parte da variância genética é de natureza aditiva, principalmente para os caracteres secundários da produção. Recomenda-se a seleção entre famílias preferencialmente, segundo análise dos componentes de variâncias, sendo constatada que a capacidade produtiva das populações pode ainda ser melhorada, mediante imposição de processo seletivo, com eliminação das famílias medíocres.
ABSTRACT
Asian soybean rust (ASR) is caused by the fungal pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow. It was first identified in Brazil in 2001 and quickly infected soybean areas in several countries in South America. Primary efforts to combat this disease must involve the development of resistant cultivars. Four distinct genes that confer resistance against ASR have been reported: Rpp1, Rpp2, Rpp3, and Rpp4. However, no cultivar carrying any of those resistance loci has been released. The main objective of this study was to genetically map Rpp2 and Rpp4 resistance genes. Two F(2:3) populations, derived from the crosses between the resistant lines PI 230970 (Rpp2), PI 459025 (Rpp4) and the susceptible cultivar BRS 184, were used in this study. The mapping populations and parental lines were inoculated with a field isolate of P. pachyrhizi and evaluated for lesion type as resistant (RB lesions) or susceptible (TAN lesions). The mapping populations were screened with SSR markers, using the bulk segregant analysis (BSA) to expedite the identification of linked markers. Both resistance genes showed an expected segregation ratio for a dominant trait. This study allowed mapping Rpp2 and Rpp4 loci on the linkage groups J and G, respectively. The associated markers will be of great value on marker assisted selection for this trait.
Subject(s)
Basidiomycota , Chromosome Mapping , DNA, Plant/genetics , Genes, Plant , Glycine max/genetics , Plant Diseases/genetics , Crosses, Genetic , Genetic Linkage , Genetic Markers , Minisatellite Repeats , Plant Diseases/immunology , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Glycine max/microbiologyABSTRACT
Crosses between resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars were performed and the F2 populations were obtained to study the inheritance of soybean resistance to powdery mildew and to estimate the number and action of genes related to resistance. The reaction to powdery mildew was studied in a greenhouse and pots carrying plants with symptoms were distributed among the pots carrying the genotypes to be tested as a source of inoculum. Individual plants were scored according to the method of Yorinori (1997), with modifications, and classified as resistant or susceptible. The results showed that adult soybeans plants can present resistance to powdery mildew, which is controlled by one major gene with a dominant effect