Erratum: TUG1 promotes the expression of IFITM3 in hepatocellular carcinoma by competitively binding to miR-29a: Erratum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/jca.57477.].

Preparation and properties of PCL coaxial electrospinning films with shell loaded with CEO and core coated LEO nanoemulsions.

During storage and transportation, the reduction of microbial contamination and management of the exudation of fluids from the fish can effectively mitigate spoilage and degradation of fish fillets. In this work, the coaxial electrospinning films loaded with natural plant preservatives, namely laurel essential oil (LEO) and clove essential oil (CEO), were prepared by the coaxial electrospinning method synergistic with nanoemulsion techniques, and the hydrophilic preservation pads were prepared. The morphology of the film fiber is clear, without beads or damage, with fiber diameters falling within the 230-260 nm range. It has a distinct core-shell structure, exceptional thermal stability, and strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The core-shell structure of the fiber subtly regulates the release of preservatives and significantly improves the utilization efficiency. At the same time, the synergistic use of two essential oils can reduce the amount while amplifying their effectiveness. The pads significantly slowed down the increase of key indicators of spoilage, such as total viable count (TVC), pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBA), and total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), during the storage of the fish fillets. Furthermore, the pads effectively slowed down the decline in water-holding capacity, the deterioration of textural qualities, and the negative changes in the microstructure of the fish muscle. Ultimately, the pads notably delayed the spoilage of fish fillets, extending their shelf life from 5 d to 9 d. The efficient utilization of biological preservatives in this film can provide technical support for the development of food preservation materials.

Nanoarchitecture-Integrated Hydrogel Boosts Angiogenesis-Osteogenesis-Neurogenesis Tripling for Infected Bone Fracture Healing.

Infected fracture healing is a complicated process that includes intricate interactions at the cellular and molecular levels. In addition to angiogenesis and osteogenesis, the significance of neurogenesis in fracture healing has also been recognized in recent years. Here, a nanocomposite hydrogel containing pH-responsive zinc-gallium-humic acids (HAs) nanoparticles is developed. Through the timed release of Zn2+, Ga3+, and HAs, the hydrogel exhibits potent antibacterial effects and promotes angiogenesis, osteogenesis, and neurogenesis. The enhanced neurogenesis further promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis, forming a mutually supportive angiogenesis-osteogenesis-neurogenesis cycle at the fracture site. The hydrogel achieves rapid infected fracture healing and improves tissue regeneration in mice. This study proposes a comprehensive treatment approach that combines antibacterial effects with the regulation of tissue regeneration to improve infected fracture healing.

Novel insights into post-marketing AEs associated with leuprorelin: A comprehensive analysis utilizing the FAERS database.

Purpose: This research focused on meticulously tracking and identifying adverse reactions associated with leuprorelin, a drug prescribed for conditions such as prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and early-onset puberty. The main objective was to enhance patient safety and offer informed guidance on the appropriate use of this treatment. Methods: From the first quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2023, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on a significant number of adverse event reports (AERs) from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Data mining with dismutation analysis was conducted to quantify signals associated with adverse events (AEs) related to leuprorelin, utilizing powerful algorithms such as ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and EBGM. Results: A total of 102 positive reaction terms (PT) spanning 24 System Organ Classes (SOCs) were identified from an analysis of 60,709 reports associated with leuprorelin use. Notably, several previously unrecognized adverse reactions were uncovered, including Artificial Menopause, Ovarian Adhesion, Follicular Cystitis, Intercepted product preparation error, among others. These findings underscore the importance of exercising additional vigilance regarding the potential adverse effects of leuprorelin, such as Abscess Sterile, Injection site granuloma, Intercepted medication error, and Bulbospinal muscular atrophy congenital. Conclusions: This research has successfully uncovered new and unforeseen signals associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) following leuprorelin administration. The study provides valuable insights into the intricate connection between ADRs and leuprorelin usage. The results underscore the crucial significance of continuous surveillance and meticulous monitoring to promptly identify and manage AEs, ultimately enhancing patient safety and well-being while undergoing leuprorelin therapy.

Jejunal sarcomatoid carcinoma: A case report and review of literature.

BACKGROUND: Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SCA) of the jejunum is a rare and aggressive neoplasm affecting the smooth muscle cells of the jejunum. This study presents a recent case of jejunal SCA, detailing its diagnosis and treatment, thereby providing a reference for clinical practice. CASE SUMMARY: A 65-year-old male presented to Yichang Central People's Hospital with a chief complaint of hemorrhoids. A computed tomography (CT) scan incidentally revealed multiple abnormal signals in the liver. Subsequent positron emission tomography/CT at Wuhan Union Hospital indicated malignant tumor progression, with a primary duodenal tumor and multiple metastases in the upper left abdomen. Intraoperatively, a large tumor was identified on the omentum. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of jejunal SCA. The patient received a combination therapy of sintilimab, nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel, and anlotinib. Follow-up imaging demonstrated significant reduction of hepatic and peritoneal lesions. The patient has remained stable for over one year postoperatively. CONCLUSION: This case suggests that chemotherapy, immunotherapy, plus targeted therapy may represent an optimal treatment for intestinal SCA, meriting further investigation.

The computational and neural substrates of individual differences in impulsivity under loss framework.

Numerous neuroimaging studies have identified significant individual variability in intertemporal choice, often attributed to three neural mechanisms: (1) increased reward circuit activity, (2) decreased cognitive control, and (3) prospection ability. These mechanisms that explain impulsivity, however, have been primarily studied in the gain domain. This study extends this investigation to the loss domain. We employed a hierarchical Bayesian drift-diffusion model (DDM) and the inter-subject representational similarity approach (IS-RSA) to investigate the potential computational neural substrates underlying impulsivity in loss domain across two experiments (n = 155). These experiments utilized a revised intertemporal task that independently manipulated the amounts of immediate and delayed-loss options. Behavioral results demonstrated positive correlations between the drift rate, measured by the DDM, and the impulsivity index K in Exp. 1 (n = 97) and were replicated in Exp. 2 (n = 58). Imaging analyses further revealed that the drift rate significantly mediated the relations between brain properties (e.g., prefrontal cortex activations and gray matter volume in the orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus) and K in Exp. 1. IS-RSA analyses indicated that variability in the drift rate also mediated the associations between inter-subject variations in activation patterns and individual differences in K. These findings suggest that individuals with similar impulsivity levels are likely to exhibit similar value processing patterns, providing a potential explanation for individual differences in impulsivity within a loss framework.

Efficient solar-driven crude oil cleanup via graphene/cellulose aerogel with radial and centrosymmetric design.

Frequent oil spills pose significant threats to ecosystems; therefore, strict requirements are needed for prompt remediation and reclamation of spilled oil. Influenced by the structure of coniferous trees and their water transport, this experiment used cellulose nanofiber (CNF), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) to prepare radially centrosymmetric aerogels. By utilizing the in-situ polycondensation reaction of MTMS, CNF, and PVA were connected, and the hydrophobicity and mechanical properties of the aerogel were greatly enhanced. Furthermore, the introduction of graphene oxide (GO), enshrouded within the cross-linked network, engenders heightened photo-thermal effects. The resultant composite aerogel exhibits expeditious oil absorption under solar irradiation and radial layered channel architecture, significantly curtailing the crude oil absorption timeframe (achieving a maximum absorption capacity of 51.7 g/g). Moreover, it demonstrates superior performance in rapidly and repeatedly adsorbing highly viscous crude oil, surpassing existing literature. Notably, continuous absorption of high-viscosity crude oil is achieved by integrating the composite aerogel with a peristaltic pump. This study offers a novel approach to the absorption and retrieval of high-viscosity crude oil, broadening the potential application horizons of CNF-based aerogels within environmental remediation.

Photoredox-catalyzed C(sp2)-H trifluoromethylation of 3-methylene-isoindolin-1-ones under metal-free conditions.

A facile synthetic method for direct C(sp2)-H bond trifluoromethylation of 3-methylene-isoindolin-1-ones under visible-light-induced metal-free conditions is presented. This protocol features mild reaction conditions, broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance, resulting in a range of structurally diverse trifluoromethylated products in good to excellent yields.

Injectable and self-healing sulfated hyaluronic acid/gelatin hydrogel as dual drug delivery system for circumferential tracheal repair.

Stem cell-based therapies show promise for clinically addressing circumferential tracheal defects (CTD) through tissue engineering. However, creating a tissue-engineered tracheal tube possesses a healthy cartilage matrix and intact tube structure remains a challenge. A solution lies in the use of an injectable hydrogel with shape adaptability and chondrogenic capacity, serving as a practical and dependable platform for tubular tracheal cartilage regeneration. In this study, we developed an injectable hydrogel using modified natural polymers-hydrazide-grafted gelatin (Gelatin-ADH) and aldehyde-modified hyaluronic acid with sulfated groups (HA-CHO-SO3) via Schiff Base interaction. Additionally, aldehyde-modified ß-cyclodextrin (ß-CD-CHO) was introduced into the network during hydrogel formation. The negative sulfated groups and hydrophobic cavities of ß-cyclodextrin facilitated the efficient encapsulation and sustained release of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) and kartogenin (KGN) within our hydrogel. This synergistically promoted the chondrogenesis of loaded bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). Subsequently, we employed this TGF-ß1, KGN, and BMSCs loaded hydrogel to form a cartilage ring. This ring was then assembled into an engineered tracheal cartilage tube using our previously reported ring-to-tube strategy. Our results demonstrated that the engineered tracheal cartilage tube effectively repaired CTD in a rabbit model. Hence, this study introduces a novel hydrogel with significant clinical application potential for tracheal tissue engineering.

AC099850.3 promotes HBV-HCC cell proliferation and invasion through regulating CD276: a novel strategy for sorafenib and immune checkpoint combination therapy.

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the molecular mechanisms of CC@AC&SF@PP NPs loaded with AC099850.3 siRNA and sorafenib (SF) for improving hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). METHODS: A dataset of 44 HBV-HCC patients and their survival information was selected from the TCGA database. Immune genes related to survival status were identified using the ImmPort database and WGCNA analysis. A prognostic risk model was constructed and analyzed using Lasso regression. Differential analysis was performed to screen key genes, and their significance and predictive accuracy for HBV-HCC were validated using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, ROC analysis, CIBERSORT analysis, and correlation analysis. The correlation between AC099850.3 and the gene expression matrix was calculated, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis using AC099850.3 and its co-expressed genes. HepG2.2.15 cells were selected for in vitro validation, and lentivirus interference, cell cycle determination, CCK-8 experiments, colony formation assays, Transwell experiments, scratch experiments, and flow cytometry were performed to investigate the effects of key genes on HepG2.2.15 cells. A subcutaneous transplanted tumor model in mice was constructed to verify the inhibitory effect of key genes on HBV-HCC tumors. Subsequently, pH-triggered drug release NPs (CC@AC&SF@PP) were prepared, and their therapeutic effects on HBV-HCC in situ tumor mice were studied. RESULTS: A prognostic risk model (AC012313.9, MIR210HG, AC099850.3, AL645933.2, C6orf223, GDF10) was constructed through bioinformatics analysis, showing good sensitivity and specificity in diagnostic prediction. AC099850.3 was identified as a key gene, and enrichment analysis revealed its impact on cell cycle pathways. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that AC099850.3 promotes HepG2.2.15 cell proliferation and invasion by regulating immune checkpoint CD276 expression and cell cycle progression. In vivo, subcutaneously transplanted tumor experiments showed that AC099850.3 promotes the growth of HBV-HCC tumors in nude mice. Furthermore, pH-triggered drug release NPs (CC@AC&SF@PP) loaded with AC099850.3 siRNA and SF were successfully prepared and delivered to the in situ HBV-HCC, enhancing the effectiveness of combined therapy for HBV-HCC. CONCLUSIONS: AC099850.3 accelerates the cell cycle progression and promotes the occurrence and development of HBV-HCC by upregulating immune checkpoint CD276 expression. CC@AC&SF@PP NPs loaded with AC099850.3 siRNA and SF improve the effectiveness of combined therapy for HBV-HCC.

Research Progress of Hydrogel Microneedles in Wound Management.

Microneedles are a novel drug delivery system that offers advantages such as safety, painlessness, minimally invasive administration, simplicity of use, and controllable drug delivery. As a type of polymer microneedle with a three-dimensional network structure, hydrogel microneedles (HMNs) possess excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability and encapsulate various therapeutic drugs while maintaining drug activity, thus attracting significant attention. Recently, they have been widely employed to promote wound healing and have demonstrated favorable therapeutic effects. Although there are reviews about HMNs, few of them focus on wound management. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the design and preparation methods of HMNs, with a particular emphasis on their application status in wound healing, including acute wound healing, infected wound healing, diabetic wound healing, and scarless wound healing. Finally, we examine the advantages and limitations of HMNs in wound management and provide suggestions for future research directions.

Elevated basophil count is associated with increased risk of endometriosis.

Immunological dysregulation plays a fundamental role in the inflammatory aspects of endometriosis. Circulating blood leukocytes, one of the most abundant immune cell populations in the human body, have been shown diagnostic significance in some diseases. Nevertheless, the association between peripheral blood leukocyte counts and endometriosis remains unexplored to date. We analysed two targeted study cohorts: a tertiary centre cohort (Endometriosis at Oxford University [ENDOX] study, 325 cases/177 controls) and a large-scale population study (UK Biobank [UKBB], 1537 cases/6331 controls). In both datasets, peripheral venous blood sample results were retrieved and counts of leukocyte subpopulations, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils analysed. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association of leukocyte subtype alterations with endometriosis status, adjusting for confounding factors. We demonstrate that higher blood basophil level is associated with increased odds of endometriosis. This association was first discovered in the ENDOX cohort (basophils >0.04 x10^9/L: OR 1.65 [95%CI:1.06-2.57], P trend = 0.025) and replicated in the UKBB dataset (basophils >0.04 x10^9/L: OR 1.26 [95%CI:1.09-1.45], P trend = 0.001). Notably, women with basophil counts in the upper tercile had significantly increased odds of having stage III/IV endometriosis (ENDOX study: OR = 2.30, 95% CI [1.25 to 4.22], P trend = 0.007; UKBB study (OR = 1.40, 95% CI [1.07 to 1.85], P trend = 0.015). None of the other leukocyte subtypes showed an association. Our findings suggest an association between inflammatory responses and the pathogenesis of endometriosis; future studies are warranted to investigate whether the association is causal.

Comprehensive analysis of gene mutations and mismatch repair in Chinese colorectal cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: RAS, BRAF, and mismatch repair (MMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) are crucial biomarkers recommended by clinical practice guidelines for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, their characteristics and influencing factors in Chinese patients have not been thoroughly described. AIM: To analyze the clinicopathological features of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations and the DNA MMR status in CRC. METHODS: We enrolled 2271 Chinese CRC patients at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital. MMR proteins were tested using immunohistochemical analysis, and the KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA mutations were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Microsatellite status was determined using an MSI detection kit. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software and logistic regression. RESULTS: The KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 44.6%, 3.4%, 3.7%, and 3.9% of CRC patients, respectively. KRAS mutations were more likely to occur in patients with moderate-to-high differentiation. BRAF mutations were more likely to occur in patients with right-sided CRC, poorly differentiated, or no perineural invasion. Deficient MMR (dMMR) was detected in 7.9% of all patients and 16.8% of those with mucinous adenocarcinomas. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations were detected in 29.6%, 1.1%, 8.1%, and 22.3% of patients with dMMR, respectively. The dMMR was more likely to occur in patients with a family history of CRC, aged < 50 years, right-sided CRC, poorly differentiated histology, no perineural invasion, and with carcinoma in situ, stage I, or stage II tumors. CONCLUSION: This study analyzed the molecular profiles of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and MMR/MSI in CRC, identifying key influencing factors, with implications for clinical management of CRC.

Enhancing the Photosensitivity of Hypocrellin A by Perylene Diimide Metallacage-Based Host-Guest Complexation for Photodynamic Therapy.

The development of supramolecular hosts which can efficiently encapsulate photosensitizers to improve the photodynamic efficacy holds great promise for cancer therapy. Here, we report two perylene diimide-based metallacages that can form stable host-guest complexes with planar conjugated molecules including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and photosensitizers (hypocrellin A). Such host-guest complexation not only prevents the aggregation of photosensitizers in aqueous environments, but also offers fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the metallacage to the photosensitizers to further improve the singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ = 0.66). The complexes are further assembled with amphiphilic polymers, forming nanoparticles with improved stability for anticancer study. Both in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that the nanoparticles display excellent anticancer activities upon light irradiation, showing great potential for cancer photodynamic therapy. This study provides a straightforward and effective approach for enhancing the photosensitivity of conventional photosensitizers via host-guest complexation-based FRET, which will open a new avenue for host-guest chemistry-based supramolecular theranostics.

Heat stroke with significantly elevated troponin and dynamic ECG changes: Myocardial infarction or myocardial injury?

We described an 82-year-old man who was taken to our emergency department after being found unconscious. His electrocardiogram (ECG) showed ST-segment elevation in leads V4-V6 and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was abnormally elevated. In addition to ECG and cTnI changes, this patient was combined with unconsciousness, high fever, abnormal liver function, acute renal failure, and rhabdomyolysis. The initial diagnosis was heat stroke, so cooling measures were initiated immediately, but a concurrent myocardial infarction was suspected. Meanwhile, emergency coronary angiography was performed, but no severe coronary stenosis or thrombosis was found. We first evaluated quantitative flow ratio (QFR) and coronary angiography-derived index of microvascular resistance (ca-IMR) in patients with heat stroke. Ca-IMR was 260 mmHg*s/m in the left circumflex artery, indicating the presence of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). After several days of treatment, the patient recovered from multiple organ damage. Therefore, ECG and troponin results should be interpreted carefully in patients with high fever and coma during high temperature seasons.

Using individualized structural covariance networks to analyze the heterogeneity of cerebral small vessel disease with cognitive impairment.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) includes vascular disorders characterized by heterogeneous pathomechanisms and different neuropathological clinical manifestations. Cognitive dysfunction in CSVD is associated with reductions in structural covariance networks (SCNs). A majority of research conducted on SCNs focused on group-level analysis. However, it is crucial to investigate the individualized variations in order to gain a better understanding of heterogeneous disorders such as CSVD. Therefore, this study aimed to utilize individualized differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) analysis to detect individualized structural covariance aberration. METHODS: A total of 35 healthy controls and 33 CSVD patients with cognitive impairment participated in this investigation. Using the regional gray matter volume in their T1 images, the IDSCN was constructed for each participant. Finally, the differential structural covariance edges between the two groups were determined by comparing their IDSCN using paired-sample t-tests. On the basis of these differential edges, the two subtypes of cognitively impaired CSVD patients were identified. RESULTS: The findings revealed that the differential structural covariance edges in CSVD patients with cognitive impairment showed a highly heterogeneous distribution, with the edges primarily cross-distributed between the occipital lobe (specifically inferior occipital gyrus and cuneus), temporal lobe (specifically superior temporal gyrus), and the cerebellum. To varying degrees, the inferior frontal gyrus and the superior parietal gyrus were also distributed. Subsequently, a correlation analysis was performed between the resulting differential edges and the cognitive scale scores. A significant negative association was observed between the cognitive scores and the differential edges distributed in the inferior frontal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus, the superior temporal gyrus and inferior occipital gyrus, and within the temporal lobe. Particularly in the cognitive domain of attention, the two subtypes separated by differential edges exhibited differences in cognitive scale scores [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)]. The differential edges of the subtype 1, characterized by lower cognitive level, were mainly cross-distributed in the limbic lobe (specifically the cingulate gyrus and hippocampus), the parietal lobe (including the superior parietal gyrus and precuneus), and the cerebellum. In contrast, the differential edges of the subtype 2 with a relatively high level of cognition were distributed between the cuneus and the cerebellum. CONCLUSIONS: The differential structural covariance was investigated between the healthy controls and the CSVD patients with cognitive impairment, showing that differential structural covariance existed between the two groups. The edge distributions in certain parts of the brain, such as cerebellum and occipital and temporal lobes, verified this. Significant associations were seen between cognitive scale scores and some of those differential edges .The two subtypes that differed in both differential edges and cognitive levels were also identified. The differential edges of subtype 1 with relatively lower cognitive levels were more distributed in the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, superior parietal gyrus, and precuneus. This could potentially offer significant benefits in terms of accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment of heterogeneous disorders such as CSVD.

Untangling the interplay of dissolved organic matters variation with microbial symbiotic network in sludge anaerobic fermentation triggered by various pretreatments.

Various pretreatments are commonly adopted to facilitate dissolved organic matter (DOM) release from waste activated sludge (WAS) for high-valued volatile fatty acids (VFAs) promotion, while the interplay impact of DOM dynamics transformation on microbial population and metabolic function traits is poorly understood. This work constructed "DOM-microorganisms-metabolism-VFAs" symbiotic ecologic networks to disclose how DOM dynamics variation intricately interacts with bacterial community networks, assembly processes, and microbial traits during WAS fermentation. The distribution of DOM was altered by different pretreatments, triggering the release of easily biodegradable compounds (O/C ratio > 0.3) and protein-like substance. This alteration greatly improved the substrates biodegradability (higher biological index) and upregulated microbial metabolism capacity (e.g., hydrolysis and fatty acid synthesis). In turn, microbial activity modifications augment substance metabolism level and expedite the conversion of highly reactive compounds (proteins-like DOM) to VFAs, leading to 1.6-4.2 fold rise in VFAs generation. Strong correlations were found between proteins-like DOM and topological properties of DOM-bacteria associations, suggesting that high DOM availability leads to more intricate ecological networks. A change in the way communities assemble, shifting from stronger uniform selection in pH10 and USp reactors to increased randomness in heat reactor, was linked to DOM composition alterations. The ecologic networks further revealed metabolic synergy between hydrolytic-acidogenic bacteria (e.g., Bacteroidota and Firmicutes) and biodegradable DOM (e.g., proteins and amino sugars) leading to higher VFAs generation. This study provides a deeper knowledge of the inherent connections between DOM and microbial traits for efficient VFAs biosynthesis during WAS anaerobic fermentation, offering valuable insights for effective WAS pretreatment strategies.

Nonswellable Hydrogel Patch with Tissue-Mimetic Mechanical Characteristics Remodeling In Vivo Microenvironment for Effective Adhesion Prevention.

Postoperative adhesion is a common complication after abdominal surgery, but current clinical products have unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. Here, we present a hydrogel patch formed in a single step through dialysis. The exchange of DMSO into water facilitates hydrophobic aggregate in situ formation and the formation of hydrogen bonds within the hydrogel. Thanks to the optimized component ratio and precise structural design. The hydrogel patch has soft-tissue-like mechanical characteristics, including high strength, high toughness, low modulus similar to the abdominal wall, good fatigue resistance, and fast self-recovery properties. The nonswellable hydrogel patch retains over 80% of its original mechanical properties after 7 days of immersion in physiological saline, with a maximum swelling ratio of 5.6%. Moreover, the hydrophobic biomultifunctionality of benzyl isothiocyanate can self-assemble onto the hydrogel patch during the sol-gel transition process, enabling it to remodel the inflammatory microenvironment through synergistic antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The hydrogel patch prevents postsurgical adhesion in a rat sidewall defect-cecum abrasion model and outperforms the leading commercial Interceed. It holds promising potential for clinical translation, considering that FDA-approved raw materials (PVA and gelatin) form the backbone of this effective hydrogel patch.

Time-dependent interference of surfactants and CeO2/Fe2O3 nanoparticles co-occurrence on the volatile fatty acids biosynthesis during semi-continuous sludge fermentation.

Various exogenous contaminants typically coexist in waste activated sludge (WAS), and the long-term impacts of these co-occurring contaminants on WAS anaerobic fermentation and associated mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study reveals that the co-occurrence of surfactants and nanoparticles (NPs, i.e., Fe2O3 and CeO2, frequently detected in sludge) exhibited time-dependent impacts on the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) biosynthesis. Surfactants triggered WAS decomposition and enhanced NPs dispersion, leading to increased exposure of functional anaerobes to NPs toxicity, negatively affecting them. Consequently, key fermentation processes, acidogenic bacterial abundance, and metabolic functions were inhibited in co-occurrence reactors compared to those containing only surfactants in the early stage (before 56 d). Surprisingly, the fermentation systems containing surfactants collapsed subsequently, with VFAs yield at 72 d decreasing by 48.59-71.27 % compared to 56 d. The keystone microbes (i.e., Acidobacteria (16 d) vs Patescibacteria (56 d)) were reshaped, and metabolic traits (i.e., proB involved in intracellular metabolism) were downregulated by 0.05-78.02 % due to reduced microbial adaptive capacity (i.e., quorum sensing (QS)). Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis suggests that the microbial community was the predominant factor influencing VFAs generation. This study provides new insights into the long-term effects of co-contaminants on the biological treatment of WAS.