Compliance with Dietary Recommendations and Sociodemographic Factors in a Cross-Sectional Study of Natives and Immigrants in Spain.

To analyze compliance with dietary recommendations (DR) based on the Mediterranean Diet among natives and immigrants in Spain. A cross-sectional study was carried out using the Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families comparing immigrant workers from Colombia, Ecuador and Morocco with Spanish workers. Adjusted odds ratios (ORa) of sufficient compliance with DR were obtained by sociodemographic variables. We also obtained the adjusted difference in means (DMa) for foods for which there was compliance with DR. Moroccans had greater compliance for meat (ORa = 7.22), eggs (ORa = 5.03) and cured-meats (ORa = 89.78). Ecuadorians for sweets (ORa = 4.03) and Spaniards for natural-juices and dairy-products. Moroccans had the greatest compliance in terms of the number of foods (DMa = 1.53), while Colombians had the least (DMa = - 0.95). Men (DMa = - 0.98), those with primary or incomplete primary education (DMa = - 0.83) and single-parent families (DMa = - 0.58) showed lower compliance. Compliance with DR was low among both Spaniards and immigrants, despite differences in levels of compliance, especially between Moroccans and Colombians.

Factores que influyen en la dieta y los hábitos alimentarios de la población inmigrante china en Cataluña / Factors that influence the diet and eating habits of Chinese immigrant population in Catalonia (Spain)

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar la dieta y los hábitos alimentarios de las personas adultas inmigrantes de origen chino residentes en Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona), e identificar los factores que influyen en los posibles cambios en la dieta y en los hábitos alimentarios. MÉTODO: Estudio cualitativo realizado en 2017 mediante un grupo de discusión con ocho personas adultas de origen chino (un hombre y siete mujeres). Se complementó la información con cinco entrevistas a informantes clave (tres hombres y dos mujeres) y observación no participante en talleres monográficos de promoción de la salud realizados a población china en un centro sanitario en Santa Coloma de Gramenet. RESULTADOS: Las personas adultas chinas realizaban tres comidas al día y tendían a picar entre horas. Su dieta se basaba en el consumo de arroz, soja y proteínas de origen vegetal. Raramente consumían leche y derivados, y destacó el consumo de aperitivos, bebidas azucaradas y bollería, así como la incorporación de alimentos del país de acogida, nuevos platos y técnicas de cocción. Intentaban mantener su dieta de origen, pero se identificaron barreras para lograrlo, como la preferencia de la dieta local por parte de los/las hijos/as, los horarios laborales y la falta de tiempo. CONCLUSIONES: Se observa una tendencia hacia la aculturación dietética. Es necesario realizar actividades de promoción de la salud dirigidas a las familias chinas para mejorar los aspectos más deficientes de su dieta y de sus hábitos alimentarios, y alentarles a reducir el consumo de aperitivos y productos azucarados

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the diet and eating habits of adult immigrants of Chinese origin residing in Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona, Spain), and to identify the factors that influence the changes in diet and eating habits. METHOD: Qualitative study conducted in 2017 through a discussion group with eight adults of Chinese origin (one man and seven women). The information was complemented by five interviews with key informants (three men and two women) and non-participant observation in health promotion workshops aimed at Chinese patients of a health center in Santa Coloma de Gramenet. RESULTS: Chinese adults made three meals a day and tended to snack between meals. Their diet was based on rice, soy and proteins of vegetable origin. Participants rarely consumed milk and milk derivatives but highlighted their consumption of snacks, sugary drinks and pastries, as well as the incorporation of foods, new dishes and cooking techniques from the host country. The Chinese immigrants tried to maintain their diet of origin, however there were various barriers to this, such as the preference of the local diet by the children, work schedules and lack of time. CONCLUSIONS: A tendency towards dietary acculturation is observed among the participants. Health promotion activities aimed at Chinese families are needed to improve aspects of their diet and eating habits, aiming to reduce the consumption of snacks and sugary products

[Factors that influence the diet and eating habits of Chinese immigrant population in Catalonia (Spain)]. / Factores que influyen en la dieta y los hábitos alimentarios de la población inmigrante china en Cataluña.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the diet and eating habits of adult immigrants of Chinese origin residing in Santa Coloma de Gramenet (Barcelona, Spain), and to identify the factors that influence the changes in diet and eating habits. METHOD: Qualitative study conducted in 2017 through a discussion group with eight adults of Chinese origin (one man and seven women). The information was complemented by five interviews with key informants (three men and two women) and non-participant observation in health promotion workshops aimed at Chinese patients of a health center in Santa Coloma de Gramenet. RESULTS: Chinese adults made three meals a day and tended to snack between meals. Their diet was based on rice, soy and proteins of vegetable origin. Participants rarely consumed milk and milk derivatives but highlighted their consumption of snacks, sugary drinks and pastries, as well as the incorporation of foods, new dishes and cooking techniques from the host country. The Chinese immigrants tried to maintain their diet of origin, however there were various barriers to this, such as the preference of the local diet by the children, work schedules and lack of time. CONCLUSIONS: A tendency towards dietary acculturation is observed among the participants. Health promotion activities aimed at Chinese families are needed to improve aspects of their diet and eating habits, aiming to reduce the consumption of snacks and sugary products.

[Monitoring and evaluation of hiv in catalonia, getting closer to the 90-90-90 objectives]. / Monitorización y evaluación del VIH en Cataluña, cada vez más cerca de los objetivos 90-90-90.

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection allows monitoring its incidence as well as possible epidemiological changes, allowing specific interventions to be planned and their impact monitored. The objective of this article is to describe the results of the monitoring and evaluation of the response to the HIV epidemic in Catalonia, based on data included in the Integrated System of Epidemiological Surveillance of AIDS/HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections of Catalonia (SIVES). METHODS: A descriptive analysis of the data from the different sources of information of the SIVES was performed. The time period was defined based on the availability of data from each of the sources of information included in the analysis. The information was structured according to the conceptual representation of the cascade of HIV care, as described in the World Health Organization consolidated strategic information guidelines for HIV. RESULTS: Of the total of 4,849 new diagnoses notified (2012-2018), 86% were men, of these; the most frequently reported transmission group was men having sex with men with 65%. The trend in the number of new diagnoses decreased in all transmission groups. It is estimated that in 2018 there were 32,429 people living with HIV in Catalonia, of which 89% were diagnosed, of these, 83% were under follow-up in a specialized unit and 78% of them were under treatment. 73% of people in treatment had suppressed the viral load. CONCLUSIONS: SIVES as an integrated system of different sources of strategic information allows monitoring the HIV epidemic in Catalonia and evaluating the response to it, identifying key populations and determinants to acquire HIV, as well as the barriers to which people living with HIV they face to achieve viral suppression.

OBJETIVO: La vigilancia epidemiológica de la infección por el VIH permite monitorizar su incidencia así como eventuales cambios epidemiológicos, permitiendo planificar intervenciones específicas y monitorizar su impacto. El objetivo de este artículo fue describir los resultados de la monitorización y evaluación de la respuesta a la epidemia del VIH en Cataluña, a partir de los datos incluidos en el Sistema Integrado de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Sida/VIH e Infecciones de transmisión sexual de Cataluña (SIVES). METODOS: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos de las diferentes fuentes de información del SIVES. El periodo de tiempo se definió a partir de la disponibilidad de los datos de cada una de las fuentes de información incluidas en el análisis. La información se estructuró de acuerdo a la representación conceptual de la cascada de diagnóstico y tratamiento de VIH, tal y como se describe en las directrices de información estratégica consolidada de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el VIH. RESULTADOS: Del total de 4.849 nuevos diagnósticos notificados (2012-2018), el 86% eran hombres. De estos, el grupo de transmisión informado más frecuente fueron los hombres que tiene sexo con hombres con un 65%. La tendencia del número de nuevos diagnósticos descendió en todos los grupos de transmisión. Se estima que en 2018 había 32.429 personas viviendo con el VIH en Cataluña, de las cuales el 89% estaban diagnosticadas. De estas, el 83% estaban en seguimiento en una unidad especializada, y el 78% de ellas estaban en tratamiento. El 73% de las personas en tratamiento tenían la carga viral suprimida. CONCLUSIONES: El SIVES, como sistema integrado de diferentes fuentes de información estratégica, permite monitorizar la epidemia del VIH en Cataluña y evaluar la respuesta a la misma, identificando poblaciones claves y determinantes para adquirir el VIH, así como las barreras a las que se enfrentan las personas que viven con VIH para lograr a supresión viral.

Facilitadores de la participación e implementación de la subcohorte PELFI de familias inmigrantes / Facilitators of participation and implementation of the immigrant families' PELFI Sub-Cohort

Objetivo: PELFI es un estudio multicéntrico de cohortes de familias inmigradas en España. Los objetivos de este manuscrito son: 1) describir el reclutamiento, la recogida de información y las características sociodemográficas según origen y sexo de los participantes de las familias; y 2) valorar las estrategias de reclutamiento y recogida de información que facilitaron la participación en la subcohorte PELFI Badalona/SC. Método: Estudio descriptivo con una muestra de conveniencia de familias inmigrantes y autóctonas residentes en Badalona y Santa Coloma de Gramanet. Se encuestaron los padres, madres e hijos >16 años, y se realizaron exámenes médicos. Resultados: Participaron 115 familias. Entre las estrategias de reclutamiento, la bola de nieve logró el 69% de cooperación. La tasa de cooperación del estudio fue del 57,5% y de los exámenes médicos del 66,6%. La cooperación de las familias chinas fue del 38,5% y no se reclutaron hijos >16 años. El 28% de las encuestas se realizaron en fin de semana o por la noche. Las familias tenían un tiempo medio de residencia de 12,2 años. El 71,2% de los hijos >16 años tenían estudios secundarios finalizados. Los inmigrantes tenían una clase social más baja que los autóctonos (p<0,05) y las mujeres inmigradas menor nivel de estudios (p<0,05). Conclusiones: Interaccionar frecuentemente con la comunidad, utilizar simultáneamente distintas estrategias de reclutamiento, incorporar investigadores del mismo origen geográfico que los participantes, minimizar las barreras idiomáticas y ofrecer flexibilidad de tiempo y lugar facilitó la participación. Las familias chinas presentaron mayores dificultades. Las conclusiones facilitarán la implementación de futuras cohortes de características similares

Objective: PELFI is a multicentre cohort study of migrant families in Spain. The objectives of this manuscript were: 1) to describe the recruitment strategies, data collection and the main socio-demographic characteristics according to geographical origin and sex of participants of the families; and 2) to assess the recruitment and data collection strategies that facilitated participation in the basal assessment of the Badalona and Santa Coloma de Gramanet cohort. Method: Descriptive study on a convenience sample of migrant and native families residing in Badalona and Santa Coloma de Gramanet. Health interviews were conducted on fathers, mothers and children>16 years; and medical examinations were performed. Results: There were 115 participating families. Within the recruitment strategies, snow ball achieved 69% cooperation. The cooperation rate of the study was 57.5% and that of the clinical sub-sample was 66.6%. Cooperation rate of the Chinese families was 38.5% and Chinese children >16 years old were not recruited. Twenty-eight percent of the interviews were conducted at weekends or during the evening. Families had a mean of 12.2 years of residence. Seventy-one point two percent of the children >16 years had completed secondary studies. The migrants had lower social class than natives (p < 0.05) and the migrant women had lower levels of education (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Interacting frequently with the community, using different recruitment strategies simultaneously, incorporating researchers from the same geographical origin as participants, minimising language barriers and offering flexibility in conducting data collection facilitated the participation of the migrant families. The Chinese families presented greater difficulties. The study findings will facilitate the implementation of future cohort studies with similar characteristics

[Facilitators of participation and implementation of the immigrant families' PELFI Sub-Cohort]. / Facilitadores de la participación e implementación de la subcohorte PELFI de familias inmigrantes.

OBJECTIVE: PELFI is a multicentre cohort study of migrant families in Spain. The objectives of this manuscript were: 1) to describe the recruitment strategies, data collection and the main socio-demographic characteristics according to geographical origin and sex of participants of the families; and 2) to assess the recruitment and data collection strategies that facilitated participation in the basal assessment of the Badalona and Santa Coloma de Gramanet cohort. METHOD: Descriptive study on a convenience sample of migrant and native families residing in Badalona and Santa Coloma de Gramanet. Health interviews were conducted on fathers, mothers and children>16 years; and medical examinations were performed. RESULTS: There were 115 participating families. Within the recruitment strategies, snow ball achieved 69% cooperation. The cooperation rate of the study was 57.5% and that of the clinical sub-sample was 66.6%. Cooperation rate of the Chinese families was 38.5% and Chinese children >16 years old were not recruited. Twenty-eight percent of the interviews were conducted at weekends or during the evening. Families had a mean of 12.2 years of residence. Seventy-one point two percent of the children >16 years had completed secondary studies. The migrants had lower social class than natives (p < 0.05) and the migrant women had lower levels of education (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Interacting frequently with the community, using different recruitment strategies simultaneously, incorporating researchers from the same geographical origin as participants, minimising language barriers and offering flexibility in conducting data collection facilitated the participation of the migrant families. The Chinese families presented greater difficulties. The study findings will facilitate the implementation of future cohort studies with similar characteristics.

Monitorización y evaluación del VIH en Cataluña, cada vez más cerca de los objetivos 90-90-90 / Monitoring and evaluation of hiv in catalonia, getting closer to the 90-90-90 objectives

OBJETIVO: La vigilancia epidemiológica de la infección por el VIH permite monitorizar su incidencia así como eventuales cambios epidemiológicos, permitiendo planificar intervenciones específicas y monitorizar su impacto. El objetivo de este artículo fue describir los resultados de la monitorización y evaluación de la respuesta a la epidemia del VIH en Cataluña, a partir de los datos incluidos en el Sistema Integrado de Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Sida/VIH e Infecciones de transmisión sexual de Cataluña (SIVES). MÉTODOS: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos de las diferentes fuentes de información del SIVES. El periodo de tiempo se definió a partir de la disponibilidad de los datos de cada una de las fuentes de información incluidas en el análisis. La información se estructuró de acuerdo a la representación conceptual de la cascada de diagnóstico y tratamiento de VIH, tal y como se describe en las directrices de información estratégica consolidada de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el VIH. RESULTADOS: Del total de 4.849 nuevos diagnósticos notificados (2012-2018), el 86% eran hombres. De estos, el grupo de transmisión informado más frecuente fueron los hombres que tiene sexo con hombres con un 65%. La tendencia del número de nuevos diagnósticos descendió en todos los grupos de transmisión. Se estima que en 2018 había 32.429 personas viviendo con el VIH en Cataluña, de las cuales el 89% estaban diagnosticadas. De estas, el 83% estaban en seguimiento en una unidad especializada, y el 78% de ellas estaban en tratamiento. El 73% de las personas en tratamiento tenían la carga viral suprimida. CONCLUSIONES: El SIVES, como sistema integrado de diferentes fuentes de información estratégica, permite monitorizar la epidemia del VIH en Cataluña y evaluar la respuesta a la misma, identificando poblaciones claves y determinantes para adquirir el VIH, así como las barreras a las que se enfrentan las personas que viven con VIH para lograr a supresión viral

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological surveillance of HIV infection allows monitoring its incidence as well as possible epidemiological changes, allowing specific interventions to be planned and their impact monitored. The objective of this article is to describe the results of the monitoring and evaluation of the response to the HIV epidemic in Catalonia, based on data included in the Integrated System of Epidemiological Surveillance of AIDS/HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections of Catalonia (SIVES). METHODS: A descriptive analysis of the data from the different sources of information of the SIVES was performed. The time period was defined based on the availability of data from each of the sources of information included in the analysis. The information was structured according to the conceptual representation of the cascade of HIV care, as described in the World Health Organization consolidated strategic information guidelines for HIV. RESULTS: Of the total of 4,849 new diagnoses notified (2012-2018), 86% were men, of these; the most frequently reported transmission group was men having sex with men with 65%. The trend in the number of new diagnoses decreased in all transmission groups. It is estimated that in 2018 there were 32,429 people living with HIV in Catalonia, of which 89% were diagnosed, of these, 83% were under follow-up in a specialized unit and 78% of them were under treatment. 73% of people in treatment had suppressed the viral load. CONCLUSIONS: SIVES as an integrated system of different sources of strategic information allows monitoring the HIV epidemic in Catalonia and evaluating the response to it, identifying key populations and determinants to acquire HIV, as well as the barriers to which people living with HIV they face to achieve viral suppression

The place of abortion in the pregnancy decision-making process in young adult women in Catalonia, Spain.

Induced abortion is one option to control fertility in Spain. Young adult women (25-34 years old) show a different abortion pattern compared to women in other age groups, being less likely to seek abortions than younger women and having one of the lowest proportions of unintended pregnancies. We aimed to analyse the factors involved in the pregnancy decision-making process to better understand why young adult women seek abortions in Catalonia, Spain. In-depth semi-structured interviews with 25 nulliparous pregnant young adult women and one focus group discussion with healthcare providers were conducted in 2008/2010. We found that inconsistent contraceptive use prior to an unintended pregnancy was due to ambivalence and weighing of priorities during sex. The quality of the relationship was paramount to the abortion decision whereas other reasons (financial/employment status, fulfilling aspirations, support networks) were less important. We conclude that the motivations for the abortion decision are interrelated and based on the current life stage of women and that there is pressure on young adult women in Spain to become mothers. Induced abortion is perceived as the last resort to postpone motherhood. Our findings reinforce the unequal societal burden placed on women to take responsibility for prevention of unintended pregnancy.

[PELFI Project: Recruitment and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Immigrant and Autochthonous Families from Alicante and Barcelona City Subcohorts]. / Proyecto PELFI: reclutamiento y características sociodemográficas de las familias inmigradas y autóctonas de las sub-cohortes de Alicante y Barcelona.

This study is a part of the multi-centre project "Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families (PELFI)" of the Immigration and Health Subprogram of the CIBER-ESP. It describes the field work and data collection of two sub-cohorts of immigrant and native families, and their main socio-demographic characteristics. Prospective observational cohort study in carried out in Barcelona and Alicante, Spain. The study population is a a non-probabilistic sample of 180 families of Colombian, Ecuadorian and Moroccan origin and 50 families of Spanish origin. We interviewed adults aged 18-65 years and adolescents aged 12-17 years in each family, through two questionnaires (adolescent/adult). The cooperation rate was 82.0% with an average recruitment rate of 1.3 families per day. In total, 250 families have been recruited, 82 from Ecuador, 82 from Colombia, 29 from Morocco and 57 from Spain. A total of 473 adults (59.8% women and 68.5% employed) were surveyed. Immigrant adults have an average of 13 years living in Spain. A total of 304 adolescents (53.9% female, 27.1% born in Spain but with immigrant parents) were surveyed. The combination of non-probabilistic techniques promoted access and improved recruitment speed. This study provides key information for the design and improvement of cohort studies with immigrant families.

Este artículo corresponde al "Proyecto de Estudios Longitudinales de Familias Inmigradas (PELFI)" del Subprograma de Inmigración y Salud del CIBERESP y describe el trabajo de campo basal y principales características socio-demográficas de dos sub-cohortes de familias inmigrantes y autóctonas. El diseño es observacional prospectivo. La población de estudio se definió como una muestra no probabilística de 180 familias de origen colombiano, ecuatoriano y marroquí y 50 españolas. Se entrevistó a a 473 personas adultas entre 18 y 65 años (59,8% mujeres, 68,5% ocupados/as) y a 304 adolescentes entre 12 y17 años (53,9% mujeres, 27,1% nacidos en España pero de padres inmigrados) de cada familia, mediante dos cuestionarios diseñados ad hoc. La tasa de cooperación fue del 82,0% con una velocidad media de reclutamiento de 1,3 familias diarias. En total, se reclutó a 250 familias, 82 procedentes de Ecuador, 82 de Colombia, 29 de Marruecos y 57 españolas. Los adultos inmigrados llevaban una media de 13 años en España. Las combinación de técnicas no probabilísticas permitió el acceso y velocidad de reclutamiento. Este estudio aporta información clave para el diseño y mejora de este tipo de cohortes en familias inmigradas.

Proyecto PELFI: reclutamiento y características sociodemográficas de las familias inmigradas y autóctonas de las subcohortes de Alicante y Barcelona / PELFI proyect: recruiment and sociodemographic characteristics of immigrant and autochthonous families from Alicante and Barcelona city subcohorts

Este artículo corresponde al 'Proyecto de Estudios Longitudinales de Familias Inmigradas (PELFI)' del Subprograma de Inmigración y Salud del CIBERESP y describe el trabajo de campo basal y principales características socio-demográficas de dos sub-cohortes de familias inmigrantes y autóctonas. El diseño es observacional prospectivo. La población de estudio se definió como una muestra no probabilística de 180 familias de origen colombiano, ecuatoriano y marroquí y 50 españolas. Se entrevistó a a 473 personas adultas entre 18 y 65 años (59,8% mujeres, 68,5% ocupados/ as) y a 304 adolescentes entre 12 y17 años (53,9% mujeres, 27,1% nacidos en España pero de padres inmigrados) de cada familia, mediante dos cuestionarios diseñados ad hoc. La tasa de cooperación fue del 82,0% con una velocidad media de reclutamiento de 1,3 familias diarias. En total, se reclutó a 250 familias, 82 procedentes de Ecuador, 82 de Colombia, 29 de Marruecos y 57 españolas. Los adultos inmigrados llevaban una media de 13 años en España. Las combinación de técnicas no probabilísticas permitió el acceso y velocidad de reclutamiento. Este estudio aporta información clave para el diseño y mejora de este tipo de cohortes en familias inmigradas (AU)

This study is a part of the multi-centre project 'Platform of Longitudinal Studies of Immigrant Families (PELFI)' of the Immigration and Health Subprogram of the CIBER-ESP. It describes the field work and data collection of two sub-cohorts of immigrant and native families, and their main socio-demographic characteristics. Prospective observational cohort study in carried out in Barcelona and Alicante, Spain. The study population is a a non-probabilistic sample of 180 families of Colombian, Ecuadorian and Moroccan origin and 50 families of Spanish origin. We interviewed adults aged 18-65 years and adolescents aged 12-17 years in each family, through two questionnaires (adolescent/ adult). The cooperation rate was 82.0% with an average recruitment rate of 1.3 families per day. In total, 250 families have been recruited, 82 from Ecuador, 82 from Colombia, 29 from Morocco and 57 from Spain. A total of 473 adults (59.8% women and 68.5% employed) were surveyed. Immigrant adults have an average of 13 years living in Spain. A total of 304 adolescents (53.9% female, 27.1% born in Spain but with immigrant parents) were surveyed. The combination of non-probabilistic techniques promoted access and improved recruitment speed. This study provides key information for the design and improvement of cohort studies with immigrant families (AU)