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Introducción La respuesta serológica a Helicobacter pylori (HP) se ha reconocido como un factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Sin embargo, su utilidad pronóstica en síndromes coronarios agudos (SCA) fue escasamente evaluada. Objetivos Identificar prevalencia y pronóstico a largo plazo de anormalidades en niveles de anticuerpos IgG contra HP (HP-IgG) en pacientes con SCA. Material y métodos La población estuvo constituida por 67 sujetos consecutivos hospitalizados por SCA (angina inestable [AI]/infarto agudo de miocardio [IAM]) dentro de las 24 horas del inicio de los síntomas, entre abril de 2003 y diciembre de 2003, quienes fueron evaluados mediante un kit inmunoenzimático comercial (Meridian Diagnostics, USA). Resultados Durante el seguimiento (12 ± 3 meses) se registraron 10 (14,6%) eventos (muerte/infarto/ rehospitalización por AI). El área bajo la curva ROC de HP-IgG para predecir eventos fue de 0,85 ± 0,06 (IC 95% 0,74-0,96); el punto de corte de 185 UI mostró una sensibilidad del 70% y una especificidad del 82%. Según el nivel de HP-IgG por encima o por debajo de 185 UI, los pacientes se dividieron en grupo 1 (25,4%) y grupo 2. Ambos fueron comparables. La supervivencia anual libre de eventos fue del 67% versus el 90% en los grupos 1 y 2, respectivamente (prueba de rangos logarítmicos, p = 0,01). Al ingreso, un nivel de HP-IgG > 185 UI (hazard ratio [HR] = 5,588; p = 0,039), la hipotensión arterial (HR = 1,109; p = 0,035) y niveles elevados de creatinina (HR = 1,997; p = 0,019) fueron predictores independientes de eventos. Conclusiones En uno de cada cuatro pacientes con SCA se detectaron tempranamente niveles elevados de HP-IgG. Títulos mayores de 185 UI se asociaron con peor evolución a largo plazo.
Background The serological response to Helicobacter pylori (HP) has been recognized as a cardiovascular risk factor. Yet, its prognostic usefulness in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) has not been extensively evaluated. Objectives To identify the prevalence and long-term prognosis of abnormalities in the level of IgG antibodies against HP (HP-IgG) in patients with ACS. Material and Methods From April 2003 to December 2003, a total of 67 consecutive patients hospitalized due to ACS (unstable angina [UA], acute myocardial infarction [AMI]) within 24 hours from symptoms onset were evaluated using a commercial immunoassay kit (Meridian Diagnostics, USA). Results During follow-up (12±3 months) 10 (14.6%) events were reported (death/AMI/rehospitalization due to UA). The area under the ROC curve using HP-IgG to predict events was 0.85±0.06 (95% CI, 0.74-0.96); the cut-off point of 185 IU had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 82%. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (HP-IgG >185 IU, 25.4%) and group 2 (HP-IgG <185 IU). Both groups were comparable. Annual survival free from events was 67% versus 90% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (log-rank test, p=0.01). The variables identified at admission as independent predictors of events were HP-IgG >185 UI (hazard ratio [HR]=5.588; p=0.039), hypotension (HR=1.109; p=0.035) and elevated oreatinine levéis (HR=1.997; p=0.019). Conclusions Early elevation of HP-IgG levéis was present in 25% of patients with ACS and levéis > 185 IU were associated with poor long-term outcomes.
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INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Hyperglycemia can increase the risk of death or a poor outcome following myocardial infarction. Our objective was to investigate the value of the admission glucose level in predicting long-term outcome in patients with acute coronary syndrome. METHODS: The study population comprised 565 patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome within 24 hours of the start of symptoms. The final diagnosis was myocardial infarction in 56% and unstable angina in 44%. RESULTS: The patients' mean glucose level was 143 (77) mg/dL. During follow-up (42 [6] months), 55 (9.7%) patients died. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the optimum cut point for predicting death from the glucose level was 0.67; the cut point was 128 mg/dL, with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 62%. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to blood glucose level: in group 1 (36.8%), it was > or = 128 mg/dL; in group 2, <128 mg/dL. There were differences between the groups in the incidence of diabetes (47.2% vs 12.6%; P< .001), systolic blood pressure (138 [33] mm Hg vs 133 [33] mm Hg; P< .001), and ejection fraction (48.3 [0.9]% vs 55.2 [12.4]%; P=.004). At 4 years, the survival rates were 40% and 77% in groups 1 and 2, respectively (log rank test P< .001). The following were independent predictors of mortality: admission glucose level > or =128 mg/dL (hazard ratio [HR= 2.41; P=.021), admission systolic blood pressure (HR= 0.97; P< .001), admission troponin-T level (HR=4.88; P< .001), and the development of heart failure (HR=1.04; P=.001). A rise of 10 mg/dL in glucose level was associated with a 2.56-fold increase in the risk of death (P=.012). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with acute coronary syndrome, hyperglycemia at admission (cut point > or =128 mg/dL) was associated with increased long-term risk and, in addition, was a strong independent predictor of mortality.
Subject(s)
Angina, Unstable/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Hyperglycemia/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/blood , Angina, Unstable/mortality , Area Under Curve , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , SyndromeABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Markers of myocardial necrosis and natriuretic peptides are risk predictors in decompensated heart failure (DHF). We prospectively studied the optimal timing of combined cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) measurements for long-term risk stratification. METHODS: cTnT and NT-proBNP were measured upon admission, and before discharge in 76 patients hospitalized for DHF (mean age 62.3 +/- 15 years; 71% men). RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 252 +/- 120 days, 39.5% of patients died or were re-hospitalized for DHF. From receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC) curves, the selected cut-off values for cTnT and NT-proBNP were 0.026 ng/ml and 3,700 pg/ml on admission, and 0.030 ng/ml and 3,200 pg/ml, respectively, at discharge. Depending upon measurements above vs below cut-off, the population was distributed on admission and before discharge for three groups: both negative (24% and 30% of patients); one positive (43% and 42%); and both positive (33% and 28%). For the admission groups, the 1-year DHF-free re-hospitalization survival rates were 85%, 60% and 34%, respectively (p = 0.0047). One-year survival rates for DHF-free re-hospitalization were 63%, 71% and 26% (p = 0.0029), respectively, for the discharge groups. In the Cox proportional hazards model, systolic blood pressure (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.96 to 0.99), heart rate (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.98), one positive biomarker on admission (HR: 10.5; 95% CI: 1.3 to 83.7) and two positive biomarkers on admission (HR: 13.9; 95% CI: 1.8 to 98.5) were independent predictors of long-term outcomes. However, NT-proBNP on admission was the most important predictor of long-term prognosis (HR: 5.1; 95% CI: 2.3 to 12.2). CONCLUSIONS: The combined measurements of cTnT and NT-proBNP on hospital admission were more reliable than their measurements before discharge in the long-term risk stratification of DHF. A single positive measurement on admission predicted a poor long-term outcome.
Subject(s)
Heart Failure/physiopathology , Myocardium/metabolism , Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/blood , Peptide Fragments/blood , Troponin T/blood , Aged , Biomarkers/blood , Female , Heart Failure/metabolism , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Osmolar Concentration , Patient Admission , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Risk Assessment/methods , Time Factors , Troponin T/metabolismABSTRACT
Introducción y objetivos: La elevación de la creatinina es un marcador de riesgo en la insuficiencia cardíaca descompensada (ICD). Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el rol pronóstico a largo plazo de la detección temprana de deterioro renal (DR), definido por elevación en los niveles de urea y/o creatinina, en pacientes con ICD. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron en forma prospectiva 241 individuos admitidos por ICD. Se seleccionaron los puntos de corte para urea y creatinina al ingreso a través de curva ROC, para la detección de eventos combinados (muerte o rehospitalización por ICD). El seguimiento medio fue de 366 ± 482 días. Resultados: La edad media fue 65,4 ± 11,6 años (63,8% hombres, 42,3% etiología isquémica) y la incidencia de eventos fue de 107. El área bajo curva ROC de urea y creatinina para la predicción de eventos fue de 0,59 y 0,57. Los puntos de corte, sensibilidad y especificidad fueron: urea 55 mg/dL, 57% y 63%; y creatinina 1,17 mg/dL, 58% y 62%, respectivamente. El DR se identificó en 144 (60,4%) sujetos, 82 con ambos marcadores elevados, 29 sólo con creatinina elevada y 33 sólo con urea elevada. En el grupo con DR fue más frecuente el diagnóstico previo de ICD (89 vs 78%, p=0,041) y la hipoperfusión periférica (12,5 y 4,1%, p=0,020), tuvieron menor fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) (36,4±17,2% y 41,1±19,6%, p=0,05) y mayor nivel de pro-BNP (8681±9010 pg/l y 2943±269 pg/l, p<0,001). La supervivencia libre de rehospitalización por ICD a 18 meses en aquellos con y sin DR fue 35 y 60% (p=0,0086), y las variables asociadas con evolución adversa fueron DR (HR=1,8; IC 95% 1,1-2,7) y diagnóstico previo de ICD (HR=1,9; p<0,001; IC 95% 1,1-3,5). Conclusión: El uso combinado de urea y creatinina permite incrementar la detección temprana de DR en pacientes con ICD. Este hallazgo fue un fuerte predictor de eventos a largo plazo.
Background: Increased level of creatinine is a powerful risk marker in decompensated heart failure (DHF). Our objective was to evaluate the long-term prognostic role of early detection of renal dysfunction (RD), defined by abnormal levels of urea and/or creatinine, in patients with DHF. Patients and methods: Two hundred and forty-one patients admitted for DHF were prospectively included. The cut-off of urea and creatinine were selected using ROC curves for predicting combined events (death or rehospitalization for DHF). The mean follow-up was 366±482 days. Results: The mean age were 65.4±11.6 years (64% male, 42.3% ischemic etiology), and 44.4% had events. The area under ROC curves to predicting events for urea and creatinine was 0.59 and 0.57, respectively. The cut-off, sensitivity and specificity were: urea 55 mg/dL, 57% and 63%; creatinine 117 mg/dL, 58% and 62%, respectively. RD was identified in 144 (60.4%) subjects, 82 had elevated both markers, 29 with only increased levels of creatinine, and 33 with only abnormal levels of urea. RD groups had more frequently a previous diagnosis of HF (89 vs 78%, p=0.041) and peripheral hypoperfusion (12.5 vs 4.1%, p=0.020), and they showed lower LVEF (36.4±17.2% vs 41.1±19.6%, p=0.05) and higher pro-BNP (8.681±9010 pg/mL vs 2943±2690 pg/ mL, p<0.001) than those without RD. Eighteen-month free-DHF rehospitalization survival in patients with and without RD was 35% and 60% (p=0.0086). The variables significantly associated with events were RD (1.8, p<0.001; CI 95%=1.1-2.7) and previous diagnosis of HF (HR=1.9, CI 95%=1.1-3.5). Conclusion: The combined use of urea and creatinine improve the early detection of RD in patients with DHF. This finding was a strong long-term prognostic predictor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Failure , Prognosis , Renal InsufficiencyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are associated with cardiovascular risk. We assessed the hypothesis that atorvastatin might have anti-inflammatory effects in acute coronary syndromes (ACS) as shown by CRP reduction. METHODS: This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 90 consecutive patients admitted within 48 hours of onset of ACS with CRP levels > or =1.4 mg/dL. Patients were assigned to atorvastatin 40 mg daily or placebo over 30 days. C-reactive protein levels, lipid profiles, serum fibrinogen, white cell count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were measured at entry, hospital discharge, and 1 month later. RESULTS: Baseline clinical characteristics did not differ between atorvastatin and placebo groups (mean age 59.3 +/- 13.4 vs 61.1 +/- 11.5, P = ns); myocardial infarction 52.3% versus 67.4% ( P = ns). In both groups, median baseline CRP levels were comparable (5.97 +/- 6.2 vs 4.64 +/- 4.2 mg/dL, P = ns). C-reactive protein levels were lower in the atorvastatin group versus control group at discharge (1.68 +/- 1.65 vs 4.12 +/- 4.18 mg/dL) and at 30 days (0.50 +/- 0.71 vs 2.91 +/- 2.68 mg/dL, both P < .0001). C-reactive protein levels significantly decreased from baseline to discharge and 1 month later in placebo and atorvastatin groups (both P < .0001); however, the reduction was greater in the atorvastatin group (62% vs 11% at discharge [P < .0001]; 84% vs 30% at 1 month [P < .0001]). In addition, atorvastatin was associated with a reduction in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and erythrocyte sedimentation rate at discharge and at 30 days (P < .0001 for all comparisons). No correlation was found between changes in CRP and cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS: C-reactive protein levels in ACS were rapidly reduced with atorvastatin. These data provide evidence that statins have fast and early anti-inflammatory effects in addition to lipid-lowering effects in ACS.