ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Hydrocephalus is defined as complex conditions influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Excluding hydrocephalus acquired from infection or brain tumors, congenital hydrocephalus with a genetic cause may occur isolated (hydrocephalus isolated, pure or non-syndromatic) or as a component of a genetic syndrome (syndromic hydrocephalus). OBJECTIVE: To present a syndromic congenital hydrocephalus with a known diagnosis, in order to be considered in the study of this pathology and to perform a review of hydrocephaly with a genetic cause. CLINICAL CASE: Preschool with a prenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus and rhombencephalosynapsis, karyotype and study of TORCH was normal. At the moment of birth, the prenatal diagnoses were confirmed and a malformation of cerebral cortical development was excluded. During the first week of life, perito neal ventricle shunt was performed. A reevaluation at age 4, the absence of corneal reflexes bilate ral parietal and congenital focal alopecia associated with rhombencephalosynapsis, meet definitive criteria for cerebello-trigeminal-dermal displasia or Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome (GLHS). CONCLUSIONS: GLHS is an uncommon neurocutaneous syndrome, possibly a sporadic condition that is underdiagnosed. Due to the new imaging and genetic technologies pre and post-natal, today it is possible to achieve a better and more accurate diagnosis of hydrocephalus with a genetic origin, in which the high suspicion of teams of clinical specialists is essential. Without accurate diagnosis, we can not access to a long-term prognosis, prevention of aggregate morbidity or an adequate genetic counseling, which are required in today's pediatrics.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Alopecia/diagnosis , Cerebellum/abnormalities , Craniofacial Abnormalities/diagnosis , Growth Disorders/diagnosis , Hydrocephalus/congenital , Neurocutaneous Syndromes/diagnosis , Child, Preschool , Humans , Hydrocephalus/diagnosis , Infant, Newborn , Male , RhombencephalonABSTRACT
Resumen: Introducción: Las hidrocefalias son condiciones complejas influenciadas por factores genéticos y ambientales. Excluyendo las hidrocefalias adquiridas por infección o tumores encefálicos, las hidrocefalias congénitas de causa genética pueden ocurrir de forma aislada (hidrocefalia aislada, pura o no sindromática) o como componente de un síndrome genético definido (hidrocefalia sindromática). Objetivo: Presentar una hidrocefalia congénita sindromática con un diagnóstico co nocido, y realizar una revisión de la literatura. Caso clínico: Preescolar con diagnóstico prenatal de hidrocefalia y romboencefalosinapsis, cariotipo y estudio de TORCH normales. Al nacer se confirmaron los diagnósticos prenatales y se excluyó malformación del desarrollo cortical cerebral. En la primera semana de vida se realizó derivación ventrículo peritoneal. En una reevaluación a la edad de 4 años, la ausencia de reflejos corneales y alopecia parietal bilateral asociado a romboencefalosinapsis reunieron los criterios diagnósticos definitivos de una displasia cerebelo-trigémino dermal (Síndrome de Gómez, López-Hernández (SGLH)). Conclusiones: El SGLH es un síndro me neurocutáneo infrecuente, posiblemente una condición esporádica que está subdiagnostica da. Con las nuevas tecnologías imageneológicas y genéticas pre y post natales podemos acceder a un diagnóstico de precisión de las hidrocefalias de origen genético, en el cual la alta sospecha de equipos de especialistas clínicos es esencial. Sin el diagnóstico preciso no podemos acceder a un pronóstico a largo plazo, prevención de morbilidad agregada y un consejo genético adecuado, que son requeridos en la pediatría actual.
Abstract: Introduction: Hydrocephalus is defined as complex conditions influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Excluding hydrocephalus acquired from infection or brain tumors, congenital hydrocephalus with a genetic cause may occur isolated (hydrocephalus isolated, pure or non-syndromatic) or as a component of a genetic syndrome (syndromic hydrocephalus). Objective: To present a syndromic congenital hydrocephalus with a known diagnosis, in order to be considered in the study of this pathology and to perform a review of hydrocephaly with a genetic cause. Clinical case: Preschool with a prenatal diagnosis of hydrocephalus and rhombencephalosynapsis, karyotype and study of TORCH was normal. At the moment of birth, the prenatal diagnoses were confirmed and a malformation of cerebral cortical development was excluded. During the first week of life, perito neal ventricle shunt was performed. A reevaluation at age 4, the absence of corneal reflexes bilate ral parietal and congenital focal alopecia associated with rhombencephalosynapsis, meet definitive criteria for cerebello-trigeminal-dermal displasia or Gómez-López-Hernández syndrome (GLHS). Conclusions: GLHS is an uncommon neurocutaneous syndrome, possibly a sporadic condition that is underdiagnosed. Due to the new imaging and genetic technologies pre and post-natal, today it is possible to achieve a better and more accurate diagnosis of hydrocephalus with a genetic origin, in which the high suspicion of teams of clinical specialists is essential. Without accurate diagnosis, we can not access to a long-term prognosis, prevention of aggregate morbidity or an adequate genetic counseling, which are required in today's pediatrics.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child, Preschool , Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Cerebellum/abnormalities , Craniofacial Abnormalities/diagnosis , Neurocutaneous Syndromes/diagnosis , Alopecia/diagnosis , Growth Disorders/diagnosis , Hydrocephalus/congenital , Rhombencephalon , Hydrocephalus/diagnosisABSTRACT
PurposeTo analyze the relation between ophthalmologic and motor changes in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7).Patients and methodsThis was a case series study. Sixteen SCA7 patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including ocular extrinsic motility testing, color vision test, and optical coherence tomography of the optic nerve and macula. Changes in the corneal endothelium, electroretinographic patterns, and a complete neurologic evaluation using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) were evaluated. Correlations of endothelial cell density (ECD) with number of CAG repetitions and the SARA scores were estimated.ResultsAll patients showed various degrees of visual impairment mainly due to macular deterioration. Notably, they also presented decreased ECD. Pairwise correlations of ECD with number of CAG repeats and severity of motor symptoms quantified with the SARA scores were inverse (r=-0.46, P=0.083 and r=-0.64, P=0.009, respectively). Further analyses indicated an average ECD decrease of 48 cells/mm2 (P=0.006) per unit of change on the number of CAG repeats, and of 75 cells/mm2 (P=0.001) per unit of change on the SARA scores.ConclusionsThe results agree with previous ophthalmological findings regarding the widespread effect of SCA7 mutation on the patient's visual system. However, the results also show a significant negative correlation of decreased ECD with both CAG repetitions and SARA scores. This suggests that motor systems could degenerate in parallel with visual systems, although more research is needed to determine whether the degeneration is caused by the same mechanisms.
Subject(s)
Anterior Eye Segment/diagnostic imaging , Color Vision , Eye Diseases/diagnosis , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/complications , Visual Acuity , Adult , Aged , Corneal Topography , Electroretinography , Eye Diseases/etiology , Eye Diseases/genetics , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Severity of Illness Index , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/diagnosis , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/genetics , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Young AdultABSTRACT
Existe escasa información sobre la calidad de vida en madres de lactantes con sibilancias recurrentes. En este estudio aplicamos una encuesta de medición de calidad de vida a dos grupos de madres de lactantes con episodios recurrentes de obstrucción bronquial controlados uno por especialistas (MRI) y otro en Atención Primaria (AP). Doscientas madres respondieron la encuesta PACQLQ de Juniper. También 42 madres de lactantes sanos respondieron el cuestionario. Los puntajes, promedios ± DS, para MRI y AP respectivamente, fueron: 4,7 ± 1,7 y 3,9 ± 1,7 en área actividad; 4,7 ± 1,4 y 3,8 ± 1,2 en área emocional y 4,6 ± 1,4 y 3,9 ± 1,2 en puntaje total. Las diferencias fueron significativas (p < 0,05) en favor de MRI. Se concluye que las madres de pacientes portadores de sibilancias recurrentes atendidos por especialistas presentan menor compromiso de índices de calidad de vida que aquellas madres atendidas por médicos generales...