Stroke related sarcopenia in individuals with different physical activity levels: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Individuals after stroke are likely to deal with the possible development of sarcopenia and reduced physical activity levels. The purpose of this study was to compare sarcopenia of individuals with chronic stroke who were stratified according to their physical activity levels, and to evaluate the relationship between sarcopenia and physical activity levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals after chronic stroke recruited from the general community. Individuals were submitted to sarcopenia screening (SARC-F questionnaire) and assessment of physical activity levels (Human Activity Profile questionnaire) to classify the individuals as impaired, moderately active, and active according to their Adjusted Activity Status (AAS). ANOVA was used to investigate the sarcopenia between groups and Pearson's coefficient to investigate the association among variables. RESULTS: Fifty-four individuals with a mean age of 56 ± 17.4 years were included. Twenty-one percent of the individuals were screened for sarcopenia. Inactive individuals had higher mean scores in the SARC-F (3.6 ± 2.1 points), whereas moderately active and active individuals presented lower mean scores in the same questionnaire, being 1.2 ± 1.1 points and 0.5 ± 0.7 points, respectively. A statistically significant inverse and high association was found between sarcopenia and physical activity levels (r = -0.716; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Sarcopenia was found to be higher in individuals after chronic stroke with lower physical activity levels considered inactive when compared to individuals with higher physical activity levels. Furthermore, there was an inverse relationship between sarcopenia and physical activity level in stroke survivors.

Cognitive profile of patients with and without speech impairment in Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive functions have been the subject of studies evaluating the pathophysiological mechanism of speech control. Objective: To compare the groups of patients with and without speech disorders with cognitive assessment, demographic, and clinical data (disease duration, functionality, and motor symptoms). Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Patients were evaluated using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III and neuropsychological tests. The following speech subsystems were analyzed: articulation, phonation, resonance, and prosody, through auditory-perceptual evaluation (based on the Protocol for the Evaluation of Acquired Speech Disorders in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease - PADAF Protocol tests), observing aspects of speech programming and execution. The patients were distributed into three subgroups (normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia). After speech evaluation, they were divided into two subgroups (with and without speech disorders). Results: A total of 150 patients participated in this study, 104 men and 46 women, 63.58 (8.81) years of age, 11.03 (4.00) years of schooling, 6.61 (4.69) years of disease progression, and with the highest proportion of individuals in stage I-II of the Hoehn & Yarh (H&Y) scale (86, or 57.33%). Statistically significant differences were observed between subgroups with and without speech alteration. Worse performance was verified in the Trail Making Test (TMT) TMT-Δ and a tendency of difference in the TMT-B of the subgroup with speech disorders, in addition to worse severity of motor symptoms (H&Y) and cognitive complaints. Conclusion: Individuals with speech disorders brought more frequent cognitive complaints and impairment below expected in tests assessing executive functions. Future studies, with stratification by type of speech disorder, are necessary to contribute to and validate these results.

As funções cognitivas têm sido alvo de estudos que avaliam o mecanismo patofisiológico do controle da fala. Objetivo: Comparar subgrupos de pacientes com e sem alterações de fala quanto à avaliação cognitiva, dados demográficos e clínicos (tempo de evolução da doença, funcionalidade e gravidade dos sintomas motores). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, de corte transversal. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke III e testes neuropsicológicos. Foram analisados os seguintes subsistemas da fala: articulação, fonação, ressonância e prosódia, por meio de avaliação perceptivo-auditiva (baseada em testes do Protocolo de Avaliação dos Distúrbios Adquiridos de Fala em Indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson ­ PADAF), sendo observados aspectos da programação e execução da fala. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em três subgrupos (cognição normal, comprometimento cognitivo leve e demência). Após a avaliação da fala, foram divididos em dois subgrupos (com desordens da fala e sem desordens da fala). Resultados: Participaram deste estudo 150 pacientes, 104 homens e 46 mulheres, com 63,58 (8,81) anos de idade, 11,03 (4,00) anos de escolaridade e 6,61 (4,69) anos de evolução da doença, e maior proporção de indivíduos no estágio I­II da Escala de Hoehn & Yarh ­ H&Y (86, ou 57,33%). Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os subgrupos com e sem alteração da fala. Houve pior desempenho no Trail Making Test (TMT) TMT-Δ e tendência de diferença no TMT-B no subgrupo com desordens da fala, além de pior gravidade dos sintomas motores (H&Y) e queixa cognitiva. Conclusão: Os indivíduos com desordens da fala trouxeram queixas cognitivas com maior frequência e prejuízo abaixo do esperado nos testes que avaliam as funções executivas. Estudos futuros, com estratificação por tipo de distúrbio da fala, são necessários para a contribuição e validação destes resultados.

Validation of the Duke Activity Status Index questionnaire by telephone In individuals after stroke.

Background: Due to social restrictions caused by the pandemic, there was a need to validate outcome measures that could be administered by telephone call. Administration by telephone allows to remotely follow up stroke survivors since most of them have mobility restrictions. This study aims to investigate the validity of the Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) questionnaire administration to chronic stroke survivors through telephone call. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, developed according to COSMIN and GRRAS recommendations. It was recruited chronic stroke survivors, who answered the DASI questionnaire in two different time-points, in person and after a period of 5-7 days through a telephone call. Results: Out of 260 subjects, 50 individuals (52% women) with a mean age of 56 ± 17 years were included. No statistically significant differences were observed (MD = -0.88; SD:4.14; 95% CI, -2.06 to 0.28; p = 0.13) on the total score of DASI administered in person and by telephone call. There was a very high agreement between the administration modes (ICC - 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98; p < 0.05). The Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.390 to 1.000, with the first item showing the best agreement (k = 1.000) and the fourth showing the worst agreement (k = 0.390). Conclusions: The DASI questionnaire is valid to assess functional capacity and can be administered through telephone in chronic stroke survivors. Thus, clinicians and researchers may decide to avoid patient transportations administering DASI through telephone call, as a reliable measure for stroke survivors.

Effects of inspiratory muscle training on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea in individuals after stroke: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing in cerebrovascular diseases, requiring a multidisciplinary approach. There are few studies evaluating the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in individuals with OSA and the findings regarding the possible effect on apnea hypopnea index (AHI) reduction are controversial. OBJECTIVE: This protocol for a randomized clinical trial will assess the effects of IMT on the severity of obstructive sleep apnea, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness in individuals after stroke participating in a rehabilitation program. METHODS: This study will be a randomized controlled trial with blinded assessors. Forty individuals after stroke will randomized to two groups. For 5 weeks, both groups will participate in the rehabilitation program activities, including aerobic exercise, resistance training, and educational class when they will receive guidance on the behavioral management of OSA. The experimental group will also perform high-intensity IMT 5 times a week, for 5 weeks, consisting initially of five sets of five repetitions achieving 75% of the maximal inspiratory pressure, increasing one set each week, totaling nine sets at the end of training. The primary outcome will be the severity of OSA measured as AHI at 5 weeks. Secondary outcomes will include sleep quality measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and daytime sleepiness measured by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Outcomes will be collected by a researcher blinded to group allocation at baseline (week 0), after intervention (week 5), and 1 month beyond intervention (week 9). TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trials Register: NCT05135494.

Cognitive profile of patients with and without speech impairment in Parkinson's disease / Perfil cognitivo de pacientes com e sem alteração de fala na doença de Parkinson

ABSTRACT. Cognitive functions have been the subject of studies evaluating the pathophysiological mechanism of speech control. Objective: To compare the groups of patients with and without speech disorders with cognitive assessment, demographic, and clinical data (disease duration, functionality, and motor symptoms). Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Patients were evaluated using the Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination III and neuropsychological tests. The following speech subsystems were analyzed: articulation, phonation, resonance, and prosody, through auditory-perceptual evaluation (based on the Protocol for the Evaluation of Acquired Speech Disorders in Individuals with Parkinson's Disease — PADAF Protocol tests), observing aspects of speech programming and execution. The patients were distributed into three subgroups (normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia). After speech evaluation, they were divided into two subgroups (with and without speech disorders). Results: A total of 150 patients participated in this study, 104 men and 46 women, 63.58 (8.81) years of age, 11.03 (4.00) years of schooling, 6.61 (4.69) years of disease progression, and with the highest proportion of individuals in stage I-II of the Hoehn & Yarh (H&Y) scale (86, or 57.33%). Statistically significant differences were observed between subgroups with and without speech alteration. Worse performance was verified in the Trail Making Test (TMT) TMT-Δ and a tendency of difference in the TMT-B of the subgroup with speech disorders, in addition to worse severity of motor symptoms (H&Y) and cognitive complaints. Conclusion: Individuals with speech disorders brought more frequent cognitive complaints and impairment below expected in tests assessing executive functions. Future studies, with stratification by type of speech disorder, are necessary to contribute to and validate these results.

RESUMO. As funções cognitivas têm sido alvo de estudos que avaliam o mecanismo patofisiológico do controle da fala. Objetivo: Comparar subgrupos de pacientes com e sem alterações de fala quanto à avaliação cognitiva, dados demográficos e clínicos (tempo de evolução da doença, funcionalidade e gravidade dos sintomas motores). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, de corte transversal. Os pacientes foram avaliados pelo Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke III e testes neuropsicológicos. Foram analisados os seguintes subsistemas da fala: articulação, fonação, ressonância e prosódia, por meio de avaliação perceptivo-auditiva (baseada em testes do Protocolo de Avaliação dos Distúrbios Adquiridos de Fala em Indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson — PADAF), sendo observados aspectos da programação e execução da fala. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em três subgrupos (cognição normal, comprometimento cognitivo leve e demência). Após a avaliação da fala, foram divididos em dois subgrupos (com desordens da fala e sem desordens da fala). Resultados: Participaram deste estudo 150 pacientes, 104 homens e 46 mulheres, com 63,58 (8,81) anos de idade, 11,03 (4,00) anos de escolaridade e 6,61 (4,69) anos de evolução da doença, e maior proporção de indivíduos no estágio I-II da Escala de Hoehn & Yarh — H&Y (86, ou 57,33%). Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os subgrupos com e sem alteração da fala. Houve pior desempenho no Trail Making Test (TMT) TMT-Δ e tendência de diferença no TMT-B no subgrupo com desordens da fala, além de pior gravidade dos sintomas motores (H&Y) e queixa cognitiva. Conclusão: Os indivíduos com desordens da fala trouxeram queixas cognitivas com maior frequência e prejuízo abaixo do esperado nos testes que avaliam as funções executivas. Estudos futuros, com estratificação por tipo de distúrbio da fala, são necessários para a contribuição e validação destes resultados.

Moderators of ayahuasca's biological antidepressant action.

Introduction: The understanding of biological responses to psychedelics with antidepressant potential is imperative. Here we report how a set of acute parameters, namely emotional (depressive symptoms), cognitive (psychedelic experience), and physiological (salivary cortisol), recorded during an ayahuasca dosing session, modulated serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serum cortisol (SC), serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), and salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR). Methods: Results were analyzed 2 days after the psychedelic intervention (ayahuasca) versus placebo in both patients with treatment-resistant depression and healthy volunteers. These measures were assessed as part of a randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial (n = 72). Results: Results revealed that larger reductions of depressive symptoms during the dosing session significantly moderated higher levels of SC in patients. Whereas lesser changes in salivary cortisol levels during the ayahuasca intervention were related to higher BDNF levels in patients with a larger clinical response in the reduction in depressive symptoms. No moderator was found for patient's CAR, IL-6, and CRP responses to ayahuasca and for all biomarker responses to ayahuasca in healthy controls and in the placebo group. Discussion: In summary, some specific emotional and physiological parameters during experimental ayahuasca session were revealed as critical moderators of the improvement of major depression biomarkers, mainly BDNF and SC two days after ayahuasca intake. These findings contribute to paving the way for future studies investigating the biological antidepressant response to psychedelic therapy.

Prevalência de pacientes notificados com hanseníase no município de São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2010-2020 / Prevalencia de pacientes notificados con lepra en el municipio de São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2010-2020 / Prevalence of leprosy patients notified in the municipality of São Luís, Maranhão, from 2010 to 2020

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de pacientes notificados com hanseníase em São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2010-2020. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, retrospectivo, transversal, quantitativo, realizado no Banco de Dados público do DATASUS cuja coleta ocorreu em agosto de 2021. A amostra foi composta por 9.387 pacientes notificados com Hanseníase. Resultados: observa-se prevalência amostral em maio de 2012, sexo masculino, faixa etária entre 30-39 anos, Ensino Médio completo, pardos, casos multibacilares, avaliação de incapacidade física e de cura no estágio Grau 0, apresentaram mais que cinco lesões, baciloscopia negativa, episódios sem reação,sendo abordados como casos novos cuja forma prevalente foi a dimorfa, tendo como esquema terapêutico mais prescrito a poliquimioterapia durante 12 meses e prevalência de cura. Conclusão: houve uma prevalência dos casos de hanseníase em homens jovens com bom grau de instrução escolar. Apesar da alta prevalência de casos novos, o tratamento foi efetivo de modo a levá-los à cura.(AU)

Objective: to identify the prevalence of patients notified with leprosy in São Luís, Maranhão, during 2010-2020. Method: descriptive, exploratory, retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative study, conducted in the public database of the DATASUS whose collection occurred in August 2021. The sample was composed of 9,387 patients notified with Leprosy. Results: sample prevalence was observed in May 2012, male gender, age range 30-39 years, complete High School, brown, multibacillary cases, evaluation of physical disability and cure in Grade 0 stage, presented more than five lesions, negative bacilloscopy, episodes without reaction, being addressed as new cases whose prevalent form was the dimorphic, having as the most prescribed therapeutic scheme the polychemotherapy for 12 months and prevalence of cure. Conclusion: there was a prevalence of leprosy cases in young men with good schooling. Despite the high prevalence of new cases, the treatment was effective in order to lead them to cure(AU)

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de pacientes con lepra notificados en São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2010-2020. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, retrospectivo, transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en la base de datos pública DATASUS, la cual fue recolectada en agosto de 2021. La muestra estuvo conformada por 9.387 pacientes reportados con lepra. Resultados: se tiene una muestra de prevalencia en mayo de 2012, sexo masculino, grupo etario entre 30-39 años, bachillerato completo, pardos, casos multibacilares, valoración de incapacidad física y curación en la etapa Grado 0, presentaba más de cinco lesiones, baciloscopía negativa , episodios sin reacción, siendo abordados como casos nuevos cuya forma prevalente fue borderline, siendo el régimen terapéutico más prescrito la polimedicación durante 12 meses y prevalencia de cura.Conclusión: había una prevalencia de casos de lepra en hombres jóvenes con buena escolaridad. A pesar de la alta prevalencia de casos nuevos, el trataminto fue eficaz de manera que los curará(AU)

Welfare Improvement by Enrichment Programs in Common Marmoset Females Under Social Isolation.

Animal welfare is critical to buffer stress in captive animals and to ensure the reliability of data from studies. The most usual environmental enrichment technique (EE) for social non-human primates is the social enrichment. However, some experimental protocols require keeping individuals isolated, thus demanding other types of EE. We tested in six adult Callithrix jacchus females, single housed for experimental purpose, the stress buffering efficacy of a structural enrichment protocol (SEP) and SEP in combination with a foraging enrichment (FSEP) using  fecal cortisol and behaviors to infer stress levels. Both types of EE improved welfare in different ways, while cortisol levels decreased with both EE as compared to the baseline, autogrooming, and piloerection increased after FSEP probably due to the new foods. Therefore, these findings support alternative practices of EE when social animals are living in isolation and reinforce the positive role of structural and food enrichment for decreasing stress markers. It also encourages studies on welfare with females, since its use as an animal model has increased.

Minimizing the damage: a methodological proposal to remove the brains of anurans and squamates

The brain is one of the most important organs of vertebrates. Over the years, several studies have investigated brain features under different approaches, such as comparative morphology. Although many recent studies use non-invasive methods, such as micro-CT scan, some methods require access to the brain, such as histological analyses and cell count methods. In addition, several researchers do not have access to those expensive devices and rely on the traditional dissection to conduct their studies. Still, for most vertebrates, very few protocols are available for removing the brain, especially those committed to minimizing the damage to the specimen for further examinations. Here we describe in detail a method to dissect the brains of anurans and squamates maintaining the specimen's external morphology as undamaged as possible. This simple method can be performed using few tools and can be achieved in the first trials, representing an incentive for more research on vertebrate's brains. This method contributes to the maximum utilization of each animal collected, a positive practice from both ethical and practical perspectives.(AU)

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire-Brazil in Parkinson's disease.

BACKGROUND: Culturally adapted measures to assess the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To adapt the ADL Questionnaire to the Brazilian culture and to analyze its reproducibility in individuals with PD. METHODS: The ADL Questionnaire was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese language. Reproducibility was analyzed using test-retest reliability and agreement values. The test-retest reliability of the individual items and total scores were calculated. The limits of agreement were verified using the Bland-Altman plot. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated. Patients who were classified on a score of 1-4 on the modified Hoehn and Yahr scale were eligible. RESULTS: No divergence was identified between the original and the adapted version, which demonstrated adequate semantic and conceptual equivalence. The Bland-Altman plot showed no systematic changes in the mean test-retest scores. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.93-0.99), and all individual items showed good levels of reliability (>0.60). The SEM (SEM%) and MDC (MDC%) values were 3.0 (6.75%) and 8.2 (18.7%), respectively. These values are within the recommended values. CONCLUSIONS: The ADL-Brazil Questionnaire is a reliable instrument to be used for clinical and research purposes to assess self-perceptions of ADL performance in individuals with PD.

Análise da prevalência de óbitos maternos em São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2008-2018 / Análisis de la prevalencia de muertes maternas en São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2008-2018 / Analysis of the prevalence of maternal deaths in São Luís, Maranhão, during 2008-2018

Objetivo: investigar a prevalência de óbitos maternos ocorridos entre 2008 e 2018. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no município de São Luís, Maranhão. A amostra foi composta por 161 óbitos maternos cujos dados epidemiológicos foram disponibilizados publicamente por meio do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada no 1º semestre de 2021, entre os meses de abril e maio. O tratamento dos dados se deu por meio de análise uni-variada. Resultados: prevalência de mulheres entre 20-29 anos, solteira, de 8-11 anos de estudos e pardas. Quanto ao mês e ano de notificação, houve prevalência em abril e em 2010. A causa mais prevalente foi a eclampsia. Destaca-se que estes óbitos foram mais recorrentes durante o puerpério, até 42 dias. Conclusão: houve redução significativa dos óbitos maternos em um período de 10 anos, porém aumentaram-se os fatores de risco, principalmente cardiovasculares, em mulheres jovens, sendo necessárias as ações de identificação e controle das complicações.(AU)

Objective: to investigate the prevalence of maternal deaths that occurred between 2008 and 2018. Method: descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted in the municipality of São Luís, Maranhão. The sample was composed of 161 maternal deaths whose epidemiological data were publicly available through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. Data collection was conducted in the 1st half of 2021, between the months of April and May. Data were treated using univariate analysis. Results: prevalence of women aged 20-29 years, single, 8-11 years of schooling, and mixed race. As for the month and year of notification, there was prevalence in April and in 2010. The most prevalent cause was eclampsia. It is noteworthy that these deaths were more recurrent during the puerperium, up to 42 days. Conclusion: there was a significant reduction in maternal deaths over a 10-year period, but risk factors increased, especially cardiovascular factors in young women, requiring actions to identify and control complications(AU)

Objetivo: investigar la prevalencia de las muertes maternas ocurridas entre 2008 y 2018. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en São Luís, Maranhão. La muestra fue compuesta por 161 muertes maternas cuyos datos epidemiológicos fueran disponibles públicamente a través del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo en el primer semestre de 2021, entre los meses de abril y mayo. El tratamiento de los datos se realiza mediante un análisis univariable. Resultados: prevalencia de mujeres entre 20-29 años, soltera, de 8-11 años de estudios y pardas. En cuanto a los meses y años de notificación, la prevalencia fue en abril y en 2010. La causa más frecuente fue la eclampsia. Destaca que estos óbitos fueron más recorridos durante el puerperio, hasta los 42 días. Conclusión: hube reducción significativa de los óbitos maternos en un período de 10 años, pero aumentó los factores de riesgo, principalmente cardiovasculares, en las mujeres jóvenes, siendo necesarias las acciones de identificación y control de las complicaciones.(AU)

Cross-cultural adaptation of the activities of daily living questionnaire-Brazil in parkinson's disease / Adaptação transcultural do questionário de atividades de vida diária-Brasil para doença de parkinson

ABSTRACT Background: Culturally adapted measures to assess the performance of activities of daily living (ADL) in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) are limited in Brazil. Objective: To adapt the ADL Questionnaire to the Brazilian culture and to analyze its reproducibility in individuals with PD. Methods: The ADL Questionnaire was translated and cross-culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese language. Reproducibility was analyzed using test-retest reliability and agreement values. The test-retest reliability of the individual items and total scores were calculated. The limits of agreement were verified using the Bland-Altman plot. The standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) were calculated. Patients who were classified on a score of 1-4 on the modified Hoehn and Yahr scale were eligible. Results: No divergence was identified between the original and the adapted version, which demonstrated adequate semantic and conceptual equivalence. The Bland-Altman plot showed no systematic changes in the mean test-retest scores. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.98 (95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.93-0.99), and all individual items showed good levels of reliability (>0.60). The SEM (SEM%) and MDC (MDC%) values were 3.0 (6.75%) and 8.2 (18.7%), respectively. These values are within the recommended values. Conclusions: The ADL-Brazil Questionnaire is a reliable instrument to be used for clinical and research purposes to assess self-perceptions of ADL performance in individuals with PD.

RESUMO Antecedentes: Medidas adaptadas transculturalmente para avaliar o desempenho nas atividades de vida diária (AVD) em indivíduos com doença de Parkinson (DP) são limitadas no Brasil. Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente o Questionário AVD e analisar sua reprodutibilidade em indivíduos com DP. Métodos: O Questionário AVD foi traduzido e adaptado transculturalmente para o português do Brasil. A reprodutibilidade foi analisada usando a confiabilidade teste-reteste e os valores de concordância. A confiabilidade dos itens individuais e as pontuações totais foram calculadas. Os limites de concordância foram verificados usando o gráfico Bland-Altman. O erro padrão da medida (EPM) e a diferença mínima detectável (DMD) foram calculadas. Pacientes classificados nos estágios 1-4 da escala de Hoehn e Yahr foram elegíveis. Resultados: Não foi identificada divergência entre a versão original e a versão adaptada, que demonstrou equivalência semântica e conceitual adequada. O gráfico Bland-Altman não mostrou mudanças sistemáticas nas pontuações médias do teste-reteste. O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) foi de 0,98 (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] 0,93-0,99) e todos os itens individuais apresentaram bons níveis de confiabilidade (>0,60). Os valores do EPM (EPM%) e DMD (DMD%) foram 3,0 (6,75%) e 8,2 (18,7%), respectivamente. Esses valores estão em conformidade com os valores recomendados. Conclusões: O Questionário AVD-Brasil é um instrumento confiável para uso clínico e de pesquisa para avaliar a autopercepção do desempenho nas AVD em indivíduos com DP.

Estratégia pico para evidências científicas: impacto na qualidade de vida do paciente hemodialítico / Estrategia de pico para la evidencia cientí ca: impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes de hemodiálisis / Pico strategy for scienti c evidence: impact on the quality of life of hemodialysis patients

Objetivo: identificar o impacto científico da Estratégia PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) na qualidade de vida de pacientes hemodialíticos. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada no PubMed, MeSH e Cochrane Library cuja amostra foi composta por 13 artigos. A coleta dos dados foi realizada durante o período de maio a agosto de 2021. Resultados: verificou-se que a qualidade de vida do paciente hemodialítico é prejudicada em diversos segmentos, sendo os principais: redução da capacidade funcional; incapacidade de ser independente, de forma pessoal e profissional; e o impacto na saúde mental, em decorrencia das alterações cotidianas que o tratamento exige em seu dia-a-dia. Conclusão: Em todos os estudos, a qualidade de vida e psíquica do paciente hemodialítico encontra-se prejudicada e associada a fatores negativos.(AU)

Objective: To identify the scientific impact of the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) strategy on the quality of life of hemodialysis patients. Method: this is an integrative review conducted in PubMed, MeSH and Cochrane Library whose sample was composed of 13 articles. Data collection was carried out from May to August 2021. Results: It was found that the quality of life of hemodialysis patients is impaired in several segments, the main ones being: reduced functional capacity; inability to be independent, personally and professionally; and the impact on mental health, due to the daily changes that treatment requires in their daily lives. Conclusion: In all studies, the quality of life and mental health of hemodialysis patients is impaired and associated with negative factors.(AU)

Objetivo: Identificar el impacto científico de la estrategia PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes en hemodiálisis. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora realizada en PubMed, MeSH y Cochrane Library cuya muestra consistió en 13 artículos. La recopilación de datos se realizó durante el período de mayo a agosto de 2021. Resultados: se verificó que la calidad de vida del paciente hemodialitico se ve perjudicada en varios segmentos, siendo los principales: la reducción de la capacidad funcional; la incapacidad de ser independiente, de forma personal y profesional; y el impacto en la salud mental, en decadencia de las alteraciones cotidianas que el tratamiento exige en su día a día. Conclusión: En todos los estudios, la calidad de vida y psíquica del paciente hemodialitico se encuentra perjudicada y asociada a factores negativos.(AU)

Potential biomarkers of major depression diagnosis and chronicity.

BACKGROUND: Molecular biomarkers are promising tools to be routinely used in clinical psychiatry. Among psychiatric diseases, major depression disorder (MDD) has gotten attention due to its growing prevalence and morbidity. METHODS: We tested some peripheral molecular parameters such as serum mature Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (mBDNF), plasma C-Reactive Protein (CRP), serum cortisol (SC), and the salivary Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR), as well as the Pittsburgh sleep quality inventory (PSQI), as part of a multibiomarker panel for potential use in MDD diagnosis and evaluation of disease's chronicity using regression models, and ROC curve. RESULTS: For diagnosis model, two groups were analyzed: patients in the first episode of major depression (MD: n = 30) and a healthy control (CG: n = 32). None of those diagnosis models tested had greater power than Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-6. For MDD chronicity, a group of patients with treatment-resistant major depression (TRD: n = 28) was tested across the MD group. The best chronicity model (p < 0.05) that discriminated between MD and TRD included four parameters, namely PSQI, CAR, SC, and mBDNF (AUC ROC = 0.99), with 96% of sensitivity and 93% of specificity. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that changes in specific biomarkers (CAR, SC, mBDNF and PSQI) have potential on the evaluation of MDD chronicity, but not for its diagnosis. Therefore, these findings can contribute for further studies aiming the development of a stronger model to be commercially available and used in psychiatry clinical practice.

Sí­ndrome da rubéola congênita: análise dos casos notificados no Brasil entre 1990 a 2016 / Congenital rubella syndrome: analysis of cases notified in Brazil from 1990 to 2016

Objetivo: analisar os casos de Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita notificados no Brasil durante o período de 1990 a 2016. Método: estudo transversal realizado no Brasil, cuja amostra foi de 122 casos notificados com Síndrome da Rubéola Congênita. Os dados foram disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada durante os meses de fevereiro e março de 2021. O tratamento dos dados se deu por análise estatística uni-variada. Resultados: observa-se prevalência no Estado de São Paulo cuja capital apresentou o maior número destas notificações. O ano em que houve prevalência do diagnóstico foi em 2008 e o mês de maior notificação foi dezembro. Todos os pacientes apresentavam idade menor que um ano, sexo feminino, com confirmação final para a doença por meio de critérios laboratoriais, e evolução para a cura. Conclusão: a idade apresentou significância no estudo. A terapêutica mostrou-se eficiente para um melhor prognóstico de cura, bem como a vacinação como medida preventiva.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the cases of Congenital Rubella Syndrome notified in Brazil from 1990 to 2016. Method: cross-sectional study conducted in Brazil, whose sample consisted of 122 cases notified with Congenital Rubella Syndrome. Data were made available by the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. Data collection was conducted during February and March 2021. The data were processed using univariate statistical analysis. Results: prevalence was observed in the state of São Paulo, whose capital city had the highest number of these notifications. The year in which there was prevalence of the diagnosis was 2008, and the month of greatest notification was December. All patients were less than one year old, female, with final confirmation of the disease through laboratory criteria, and progression to cure. Conclusion: Age was significant in this study. Therapy proved to be efficient for a better prognosis of cure, as well as vaccination as a preventive measure.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar los casos de Síndrome de Rubéola Congénita notificados en Brasil entre 1990 a 2016. Método: estudio transversal realizado en Brasil, cuya muestra fue 122 casos notificados con Síndrome de Rubéola Congénita. Los datos fueron facilitados por el Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud. La recogida de datos se realizó durante los meses de febrero y marzo de 2021. El tratamiento de los datos se realiza mediante un análisis estadístico univariante. Resultados: se observa una prevalencia en el Estado de São Paulo, cuya capital presenta el mayor número de notificaciones. El año y mes en que se produjo la prevalencia del diagnóstico fue 2008 y diciembre. Todos los pacientes presentaban una edad inferior a un año, sexo femenino, con confirmación final de la enfermedad mediante criterios de laboratorio y evolución para la cura. Conclusión: la edad presentó un significado en el estudio. El tratamiento es eficiente para un mejor pronóstico de curación, así como la vacunación como medida preventiva.(AU)

Pathophysiology of Major Depression by Clinical Stages.

The comprehension of the pathophysiology of the major depressive disorder (MDD) is essential to the strengthening of precision psychiatry. In order to determine the relationship between the pathophysiology of the MDD and its clinical progression, analyzed by severity of the depressive symptoms and sleep quality, we conducted a study assessing different peripheral molecular biomarkers, including the levels of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), serum mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), serum cortisol (SC), and salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR), of patients with MDD (n = 58) and a control group of healthy volunteers (n = 62). Patients with the first episode of MDD (n = 30) had significantly higher levels of CAR and SC than controls (n = 32) and similar levels of mBDNF of controls. Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD, n = 28) presented significantly lower levels of SC and CAR, and higher levels of mBDNF and CRP than controls (n = 30). An increased severity of depressive symptoms and worse sleep quality were correlated with levels low of SC and CAR, and with high levels of mBDNF. These results point out a strong relationship between the stages clinical of MDD and changes in a range of relevant biological markers. This can assist in the development of precision psychiatry and future research on the biological tests for depression.

Fatores associados à masculinidade no diagnóstico precoce do câncer de próstata: revisão narrativa / Factors associated with masculinity in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer: a narrative review

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à masculinidade no diagnóstico precoce do câncer de próstata. Método: trata-se de uma revisão narrativa realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS e PUBMED. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, a amostra do estudo foi composta por 14 artigos publicados entre 2000 e 2021. Resultados: os estudos abordam fortemente a influência dos aspectos socioeconômicos e culturais na busca preventiva dos homens pelo autocuidado. Os padrões estipulados pela sociedade dificultam a adesão masculina fazendo-os diminuir a procurar por serviços de saúde em relação às mulheres dificultando o diagnóstico precoce do câncer de próstata. O exame de toque retal encontra-se atrelado à transgressão de sua masculinidade repercutindo no medo de realizá-lo. Conclusão: concepções socioculturais acerca da masculinidade associam-se negativamente à saúde dos homens impondo dificuldades no diagnóstico precoce do câncer e, conseqüentemente, aumentando a mortalidade masculina.(AU)

Objective: to identify the factors associated with masculinity in the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. Method: this is a narrative review conducted in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS and PUBMED. After applying the eligibility criteria, the study sample was composed of 14 articles published between 2000 and 2021. Results: the studies strongly address the influence of socioeconomic and cultural aspects on men's preventive search for self-care. The standards set by society hinder male adherence, making them less likely to seek health services than women, hindering the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. The rectal examination is linked to the transgression of their masculinity, resulting in the fear of performing it. Conclusion: sociocultural conceptions about masculinity are negatively associated with men's health, imposing difficulties in the early diagnosis of cancer and consequently increasing male mortality.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a la masculinidad en el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de próstata. Método: se trata de una revisión narrativa realizada en las siguientes bases de datos: SCIELO, LILACS y PUBMED. Tras aplicar los criterios de elegibilidad, la muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta por 14 artículos publicados entre 2000 y 2021. Resultados: los estudios abordan la influencia socioeconómica y cultural en la búsqueda preventiva del autocuidado por los hombres. Las normas estipuladas por la sociedad dificultan la adherencia masculina haciendo que reduzcan la búsqueda de servicios sanitarios en relación con las mujeres dificultando el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de próstata. El tacto rectal está vinculado a la transgresión de su masculinidad, lo que provoca miedo a realizarlo. Conclusión: las concepciones socioculturales sobre la masculinidad se asocian negativamente con la salud del hombre imponiendo dificultades en el diagnóstico precoz del cáncer y, en consecuencia, aumentando la mortalidad masculina.(AU)

Experiência em oficinas terapêuticas para portadores de dependência química: percepção do profissional de saúde / Experience in therapeutic workshops to person with chemical dependency: perception of the health professional

Objetivo: identificar a percepção do profissional de saúde quanto à experiência em oficinas terapêuticas para dependentes químicos. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal, qualitativo, realizado com sete profissionais de saúde em três instituições as quais acompanham dependentes químicos em sofrimento psíquico. Utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada cujo tratamento dos dados se deu por meio de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: a prática das oficinas terapêuticas é vista como um instrumento de suma importância para o tratamento do dependente químico, bem como para o portador de transtorno mental, pois proporciona aos pacientes um caminho de interação social propício para realizarem a ressignificação da sua condição de saúde. Percebe-se a existência de preconceito social latente, até mesmo por profissionais de saúde ao abordar a questão do uso de álcool e drogas nas oficinas terapêuticas. Considerações finais: a dependência química protagoniza uma das causas de estigma e preconceito em meio à sociedade e ao profissional de saúde.(AU)

Objective: identify the perception of the health professional regarding the experience in therapeutic workshops for chemical dependents. Method: descriptive, transversal, qualitative study, carried out with seven health professionals in three institutions that accompany chemical dependents in psychic suffering. A semi-structured interview was used, whose data treatment was done through Content Analysis. Results: the practice of therapeutic workshops is seen as an instrument of utmost importance for the treatment of the chemical dependent, as well as for the mentally disturbed, because it provides patients with a path of social interaction propitious to perform the resignification of their health condition. The existence of latent social prejudice is perceived, even by health professionals when addressing the issue of alcohol and drug use in therapeutic workshops. Final considerations: chemical dependence is one of the causes of stigma and prejudice among society and health professionals. (AU)

Objetivo: identificar la percepción del profesional de la salud sobre la experiencia en talleres terapéuticos para dependientes químicos. Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal y cualitativo, realizado con siete profesionales de la salud de tres instituciones que acompañan a dependientes químicos en sufrimiento psíquico. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada cuyo tratamiento de datos se realizó mediante el Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: la práctica de talleres terapéuticos es vista como un instrumento de suma importancia para el tratamiento del dependiente químico, así como para el perturbado mental, porque proporciona a los pacientes una vía de interacción social propicia para realizar la resignificación de su condición de salud. Se percibe la existencia de un prejuicio social latente, incluso por parte de los profesionales de la salud cuando se aborda el tema del consumo de alcohol y drogas en los talleres terapéuticos. Consideraciones finales: la dependencia química es una de las causas de estigmatización y prejuicios en el seno de la sociedad y de profesionales de la salud.(AU)

Análise da incidência de dengue em pacientes notificados em Montes Claros entre 2017 e 2019 / Analysis of the incidence of dengue in patients reported in Montes Claros between 2017 and 2019 / Análisis de la incidencia de dengue en pacientes notificados en Montes Claros entre 2017 y 2019

Objetivo: analisar a incidência de casos notificados de dengue em Montes Claros. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, documental, retrospectivo, transversal, quantitativo, realizado no SINAN online da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. A amostra foi constituída por 10.879 pacientes notificados entre 2017 e 2019. O tratamento dos dados se deu por epidemiologia descritiva simples. Resultados: a incidência de casos em 2017 foi baixa, quando comparada aos anos subseqüentes. Em 2018, o aumento percentual em relação a 2017 foi de 362,3%. Em 2019, houve um aumento exponencial na incidência, de modo a atingir 912,8% em relação a 2018 e 4.592,3% em relação a 2017. Ainda, houve aumento dos casos confirmados laboratorialmente como positivos em 2019 (3,8%). Conclusão: a incidência de casos notificados para a doença da dengue mostrou-se alta em 2019 e progressivo com o tempo. O aumento sintomático dos casos mostrou-se bem altos, devendo-se intensificar o acompanhamento desses pacientes.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the incidence of reported cases of dengue in Montes Claros. Method: descriptive, exploratory, documentary, retrospective, transversal study, quantitative, carried out at SINAN online of the Municipal Health Secretariat. The sample consisted of 10,879 patients notified between 2017 and 2019. The data treatment was done by simple descriptive epidemiology. Results: the incidence of cases in 2017 was low when compared to subsequent years. In 2018, the percentage increase compared to 2017 was 362.3%. In 2019, there was an exponential increase in the incidence, to reach 912.8% in relation to 2018 and 4,592.3% in relation to 2017. In addition, there was an increase in laboratory confirmed cases as positive in 2019 (3.8%). Conclusion: the incidence of reported cases of dengue disease was high in 2019 and progressive over time. The symptomatic increase of cases was very high, and the follow-up of these patients should be intensified. (AU)

Objetivo: analizar la incidencia de los casos reportados de dengue en Montes Claros. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, documental, retrospectivo, transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en el SINAN en línea de la Secretaría Municipal de Salud. La muestra estaba formada por 10.879 pacientes notificados entre 2017 y 2019. El tratamiento de los datos fue mediante epidemiología descriptiva simple. Resultados: la incidencia de casos en 2017 fue baja en comparación con los años siguientes. En 2018, el incremento porcentual respecto a 2017 fue del 362,3%. En 2019 se ha producido un aumento exponencial de la incidencia, de forma que se ha alcanzado el 912,8% respecto a 2018 y el 4.592,3% respecto a 2017. Además, hubo un aumento en el número de casos confirmados en los laboratorios como positivos en 2019 (3,8%). Conclusión: la incidencia de los casos reportados de la enfermedad del dengue fue alta en 2019 y progresiva en el tiempo. El aumento sintomático de los casos fue muy elevado, por lo que se debe intensificar el seguimiento de estos pacientes.(AU)

Impacto do déficit de investimentos para o tratamento da doença de chagas no Brasil: revisão narrativa / Impact of the investment deficit for the treatment of chagas disease in Brazil: narrative review / Impacto del déficit de inversión para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas en Brasil: revisión narrativa

Objetivo: discutir sobre o impacto do déficit de investimentos para o tratamento da Doença de Chagas no Brasil. Método: trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: SCIELO, LILACS, BIREME e MEDLINE. A amostra final foi composta por 27 artigos científicos publicados entre o período de 2000 a 2020. Resultados: o Brasil é um dos países com maior prevalência de pacientes portadores da doença, porém pouco se avançou em pesquisas nessa área, de modo a repercutir em um baixo incentivo e investimento dos governantes e da indústria farmacêutica para a Doença de Chagas, tendo em vista a doença ser de progressão lenta e o diagnóstico e o tratamento serem tardios. Conclusão: fica evidente a falta de investimento e políticas públicas que possibilitem o diagnóstico e o tratamento precoce da doença tendo como conseqüência um déficit na qualidade de vida dos pacientes.(AU)

Objective: to discuss the impact of the investment deficit for the treatment of Chagas Disease in Brazil. Method: This is a narrative review of the literature conducted in the following databases: SCIELO, LILACS, BIREME and MEDLINE. The final sample consisted of 27 scientific articles published between 2000 and 2020. Results: Brazil is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of patients with the disease, but little progress has been made in research in this area, so as to have a low incentive and investment from governments and the pharmaceutical industry for Chagas Disease, in view of the disease being of slow progression and the diagnosis and treatment are late. Conclusion: it is evident the lack of investment and public policies that make possible the diagnosis and early treatment of the disease with the consequence of a deficit in the quality of life of the patients.(AU)

Objetivo: discutir el impacto del déficit de inversión para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Chagas en Brasil. Método: se trata de una revisión narrativa de la literatura realizada en las siguientes bases de datos: SCIELO, LILACS, BIREME y MEDLINE. La muestra final consistió en 27 artículos científicos publicados entre 2000 y 2020. Resultados: el Brasil es uno de los países con mayor prevalencia de pacientes con la enfermedad, pero se ha avanzado poco en la investigación en esta área, para tener un bajo incentivo e inversión de los gobiernos y de la industria farmacéutica para la enfermedad de Chagas, considerando que la enfermedad es de progresión lenta y el diagnóstico y tratamiento son tardíos. Conclusión: es evidente la falta de inversión y de políticas públicas que permitan el diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz de la enfermedad con el consiguiente déficit en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.(AU)