The application value of quantitative parameters MRFDGmax and SUVmax in the stages of hepatitis,liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in rats by whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT Patlak imaging / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the application value of quantitative parameters MRFDGmax and SUVmax in the stages of hepatitis,liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in rats by whole-body dynamic 18 F-FDG PET/CT Patlak imaging.Methods Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into four groups of six rats each,which were the normal group,hepatitis group,liver fibrosis group and cirrhosis group.According to the experimental grouping,rats in each group were induced by the CC14 oil solution complex method.Whole-body dynamic 18 F-FDG PET/CT patlak imaging was performed on each group of rats separately at the completion of induction.After the imaging was com-pleted,the MRFDGmax,SUVmax and CT values of the livers of each group were analyzed;subsequently,the serum of rats in each group was extracted for the detection of liver function indexes(AST,ALT and ALP),and HE staining was performed on the livers of rats in the normal,hepatitis and cirrhosis groups,and Masson staining was performed on those in the liver fibrosis group;the α-SMA expression in the liver tissues of each group was analyzed by immu-nohistochemical method.The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA,two independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation analysis.Results MRFDGmax,SUVmax values were statistically significant differences among normal,hep-atitis,liver fibrosis and cirrhosis groups(F=84.54,38.35,P＜0.001).The difference in CT values between liver fibrosis and cirrhosis groups was not statistically significant(t=-0.407,P=0.693),and the difference was statistically significant when compared between the rest of the groups(F=112.25,P＜0.001).Compared with the normal group,AST,ALT and ALP of the experimental group showed a staged increase,and the differences were statistically significant(F=93.32,64.63,145.03,P＜0.001).HE staining showed that hepatocytes of the normal group were neatly arranged and structurally intact;a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated the hepa-titis group with steatosis;pseudo lobe formation was observed in the cirrhosis group.Masson staining of the liver fi-brosis group showed collagen fiber proliferation and thickening of the peritoneum.Immunohistochemistry test results showed that α-SMA expression increased in hepatitis group,liver fibrosis group and cirrhosis group,with a staged increase,and the difference was statistically significant(F=80.57,P＜0.001).Correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between SUVmax and MRFDGmax(r=0.967,P＜0.01).α-SMA was positively correlated with AST,ALT and ALP in the hepatitis,liver fibrosis and cirrhosis groups,respectively(r=0.924,0.756,0.934,P＜0.01).Conclusion Whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT Patlak imaging has application value in monitoring hepatitis,liver fibrosis and cirrhosis stages through quantitative parameters MRFDGmax and SUVmax changes.

Effect of different input functions of whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging reconstruction on quantitative parameters of lung cancer / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of using two different input functions to reconstruct 18F-FDG PET/CT Patlak multi-parameter images on the quantitative parameters of lung cancer lesions. Methods:The original whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT scan data of lung cancer patients in the Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The total scan time was 75 min. Two input functions were used for Patlak multi-parameter reconstruction: ① Image-derived input function(IDIF)using the Time-activity curve(TAC)of descending aorta from 0 min to 75 min. ② Population-based input function (PBIF) developed by Yale University. Metabolic rate of FDG (MR FDG) and Distribution volume (DV) images were obtained by Patlak multi-parameter analysis software using the above input functions. The region of interest (ROI) method was used to delineate the lesions to obtain multi-parameter quantitative information, including the max, peak and mean value of MR FDG and DV. Paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The original data of 27 lung cancer patients who received whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging were reconstructed by Patlak with two different input functions. The max, peak and mean values of MR FDG-IDIF and MR FDG-PBIF in lung cancer lesions were as follows: (0.26 ± 0.15), (0.19 ± 0.12), (0.14 ± 0.08)μmol·min -1·ml -1 and (0.26 ± 0.15), ( 0.20 ± 0.13), (0.15 ± 0.09)μmol·min -1·ml -1, with no statistically significant difference between two functions( P > 0.05). The max, peak and mean values of DV IDIF and DV PBIF were (165.56 ± 99.89)%, (117.66 ± 72.24)%, (62.16 ± 33.65)% and(170.04 ± 103.93)%, (121.91 ± 73.71)%, (65.05 ± 37.17)%, with no statistically significant difference between two functions ( P > 0.05). Conclusions:The population-based input function may be an alternative for patients who could not lie supine for long time during whole-body dynamic 18F-FDG PET/CT Patlak multi-parameter imaging.

Fine particulate matter aggravates allergic airway inflammation through thymic stromal lymphopoietin activation in mice.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been linked to exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation in mice. However, the mechanism underlying exposure to PM2.5 and subsequent and adverse effects remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of PM2.5 by different levels on airway inflammation in mouse models of in allergic and steroid­resistant asthma. BALB/c mice were nasally instilled with PBS (control) or 10, 31.6 or 100 µg PM2.5, and randomly assigned into nine groups. The acute asthma model was previously induced to investigate the change of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Histopathological changes of the lung were assessed, in addition to levels of interleukin (IL)­4 and IL­13 in BALF and immunoglobulin Ein serum. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) proteinexpression levels were assessed by western blotting. The present study demonstrated that medium­ and high­dose PM2.5 is linked to acute exacerbation of allergic airway inflammation in mice. In conclusion, the pathological mechanisms of PM2.5 may be associated with allergic/steroid­resistant airway inflammation, T­cell helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokine production and upregulation of TSLP expression in a murine model of allergic and steroid-resistant asthma.

Effects on facet joint force and stability of lumbar spine following asymmetric lumbar discectomy / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effect of asymmetric lumbar discectomy on facet joint force and stability of lumbar spine. Methods Seven human cadaver specimens (L2-3 segment) were selected to make intact, 1/4 discectomy and 1/2 discectomy status and applied with pure moment of 7.5 N•m. The range of motion (ROM) and facet joint force of L2-3 segment during flexion/extension, lateral bending and axial rotation were recorded, respectively. Results During extension, a significant increase in facet joint force was found under 1/4 discectomy status at the remained side. During lateral bending, the facet joint force at both sides under 1/2 discectomy status increased significantly than that under intact status. During axial rotation, facet joint force increased significantly only at the side without discectomy under 1/2 discectomy status. Except flexion, ROM under 1/4 discectomy and 1/2 discectomy status were larger than that under intact status in all the other motion directions (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in ROM between both sides during lateral bending and axial rotation direction. Conclusions The asymmetric lumbar discectomy can increase the ROM in all motion directions except flexion, and can enlarge the facet joint force asymmetrically, which indicate that instability of lumbar spine and facet joint force increasing resulted from asymmetric degeneration of the disc might lead to backache.

Chrysin inhibits human airway smooth muscle cells proliferation through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway.

Asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease characterized by an increased mass of airway smooth muscle (ASM). Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), a natural flavonoid, has been shown to exert multiple biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and anti-oxidant effects, as well as the potency to ameliorate asthma in animal models. The objective of the present study was to identify the underlying mechanism of the therapeutic effects of chrysin. The impact of chrysin on basal and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation and apoptosis of human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) was investigated. Furthermore, the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway was evaluated in HASMCs. The results revealed that chrysin significantly inhibited basal as well as PDGF-induced HASMC proliferation, most likely through the suppression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. However, chrysin did not significantly reduce PDGF-induced apoptosis of HASMCs. The present study indicated that chrysin may be a promising medication for controlling airway remodeling and clinical manifestations of asthma.

Case-control study on shoulder pain caused by hook palte for the treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore causes of shoulder pain and propose prevention measures in treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2005 to January 2013, 86 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) were treated with hook plate fixation, and were divided into two groups. Bsaed on recovery of shoulder function mostly, the patients who suffered from rest pain, motion pain were named as shoulder pain group, while the patients without pain were named as painless group. In shoulder pain group, there were 21 cases including 15 males and and 6 females ranging the age from 22 to 62 years old with an average of (40.6±11.2) years old. There were 8 cases were on the left side and 13 cases were on the right side. In painless group, there were 65 cases including 36 males and and 29 females ranging the age from 19 to 65 years old with an average of (40.0±11.3) years old. There were 33 cases were on the left side and 32 cases were on the right side. The time from injury to operation ranged from 3 h to 8 d with an average of 34.6 h. Shoulder function of all patients were normal before injuried. Postoperative pain, activity of daily living (ADL), range of motion, deltoid muscle strength were compared. Anteflexion,rear protraction, abduction and upthrow of shoulder joint were also compared. Postoperative complications between two groups were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up from 12 to 48 months with an average of 18.5 months. Constant-Murley score were used to evaluate clinical efficacy at the least following up, and 13 cases got an excellent results, 5 moderate, 2 good and 1 poor in shoulder pain group ; while 61 cases were obtained excellent results, 3 moderate and 1 good in painless group. There were significantly differences between two groups in Constant-Murley score and activity of shoulder joint (P<0.05). In shoulder pain group, 3 cases were disconnected, 1 case occurred stress fracture, 9 cases were subacromial impingement syndrome, 5 cases occurred subluxation, 1 case occurred plate breakage and 11 cases were acromioclavicular arthritis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chosing individual clavicular hook plate, fulfilling anatomic reset, paying attention to the repair of articular capsule ligament, and reducing hook and bone antagonism between stress is the key point of preventing and decreasing postoperative shoulder pain.</p>

[Effects of astragaloside IV on the expressions of transforming growth factor-ß1 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in a murine model of asthma].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of astragaloside IV on the airway remodeling and the expressions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß1 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in a murine model of asthma. METHODS: Forty-eight BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups, i.e. control group, asthma group, astragaloside IV group and budesonide group (n = 12 each). The BALB/c mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) were chronically challenged with aerosolized OVA for 8 weeks while the mice in the astragaloside IV group were intragastrically administered with astragaloside IV (50 mg/kg) daily for 8 consecutive weeks. Pulmonary functions were measured to evaluate the resistance of expiration. And pulmonary histopathological analysis was performed to observe the infiltration of inflammatory cells, the hyperplasia of airway global cells and the deposition of collagen. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). The pulmonary expression of α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-ß1 and TSLP were measured by real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and Western blot respectively. RESULTS: The treatment of astragaloside IV or budesonide led to a sharp decrease in airway resistance compared with the asthma group at a concentration of acetylcholine in 30 µg/kg (P < 0.05). The PAS(+) epithelial/bronchial epithelial cells, the area of collagen staining and α-SMA staining area were significantly elevated in the asthma group compared with the control group (all P < 0.01) while those in the astragaloside and budesonide groups were obviously inhibited compared with the asthma group (all P < 0.05). The BALF levels of IL-4 and IL-13 were markedly elevated in the asthma group versus the control group (P < 0.01) while those markedly decreased in the astragaloside and budesonide groups versus the asthma group (all P < 0.05). The relative expressions of TGF-ß1 and TSLP mRNA (5.23 ± 1.44, 5.70 ± 1.65) were significantly up-regulated in the asthma group versus the control group (1.02 ± 0.21, 1.02 ± 0.25) (P < 0.01) while those in the astragaloside (2.27 ± 0.65, 2.97 ± 1.03) and budesonide groups (2.10 ± 0.57, 3.32 ± 1.11) were obviously down-regulated versus the asthma group (all P < 0.05). The protein levels of TGF-ß1 and TSLP in the asthma group (0.89 ± 0.11, 0.74 ± 0.10) were markedly elevated versus the control (0.39 ± 0.04, 0.44 ± 0.05), the astragaloside (0.51 ± 0.08, 0.59 ± 0.12) and the budesonide groups (0.55 ± 0.08, 0.60 ± 0.08) (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Astragaloside IV can suppress the progression of airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in a murine model of asthma. The above effects may be partially due to the inhibited expressions of TGF-ß1 and TSLP.

A neuron-specific marker in the cerebral cortex / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To study the characteristics of a new neuron-specific marker in the cerebral cortex and its application method.Methods According to immunofluorescence principles,the neurons in the cerebral cortex cultured in vitro were stained by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled Tet1; and FITC-Tet1 with NSE or GFAP was employed to determine whether the neurons can be marked and whether they can be distinguished from astrocytes; the conditions of application of FITC-Tet1 were quantified.The HEK and C6 cell lines were performed the above experiments as controls.Results The final concentration was the key factor,which indicated that when the FITC-Tet1 was about 30 μg/mL,the neuron marking ability was the best,and the astrocytes,HEK and C6 were not stained.Neither high (100μg/mL) or low (10μg/mL) levels of FITC-Tet1 were suitableforstainingneurons.Conclusion Tet1 can specifically combine with the neuron in the cerebral cortex,which may make it to be a new staining method or a targeting molecule to neurons in the central nervous system.

Radiofrequency thermocoagulation rhizotomy for recurrent trigeminal neuralgia after microvascular decompression / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a well accepted surgical treatment strategy for trigeminal neuralgia (TN) with satisfying long-term outcome. However, considerable recurrent patients need more effective management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency thermocoagulation rhizotomy (RTR) on patients with recurrent TN after MVD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 62 cases of recurrent TN after MVD undergoing RTR from January 2000 to January 2010 were retrospectively evaluated. Based on surgical procedures undertaken, these 62 cases were classified into two subgroups: group A consisted of 23 cases that underwent traditional RTR by free-hand; group B consisted of 39 cases that underwent RTR under the guidance of virtual reality imaging technique or neuronavigation system. The patients in group A were followed up for 14 to 70 months (mean, 40 ± 4), and those in group B were followed up for 13 to 65 months (mean, 46 ± 7). Kaplan-Meier analyses of the pain-free survival curves were used for the censored survival data, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival curves of the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients in both groups A and B attained immediate pain relief after RTR. Both groups attained good pain relief rate within the first two years of follow-up: 92.3%, 84.6% and 82.6%, 69.6% respectively (P > 0.05). After 2 years, the virtual reality or neuronavigation assisted RTR group (group B) demonstrated higher pain relief rates of 82.5%, 76.2% and 68.8% at 3, 4 and 5 years after operation respectively, while those in group A was 57.2%, 49.6%, and 36.4% (P < 0.05). Low levels of minor complications were recorded, while neither mortalities nor significant morbidity was documented.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RTR was effective in alleviating the pain of TN cases suffering from unsuccessful MVD management. With the help of virtual reality imaging technique or neuronavigation system, the patients could attain better long-term pain relief.</p>

Paeonol attenuates airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced asthma.

Paeonol, the main active component isolated from Moutan Cortex, possesses extensive pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immunoregulatory effects. In the present study, we examined the effects of paeonol on airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse model of allergic asthma. BALB/c mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin were administered paeonol intragastrically at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily. Paeonol significantly suppressed ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to acetylcholine chloride. Paeonol administration significantly inhibited the total inflammatory cell and eosinophil count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Treatment with paeonol significantly enhanced IFN-γ levels and decreased interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and total immunoglobulin E levels in serum. Histological examination of lung tissue demonstrated that paeonol significantly attenuated allergen-induced lung eosinophilic inflammation and mucus-producing goblet cells in the airway. These data suggest that paeonol exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in allergic mice and may possess new therapeutic potential for the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.

Intranasal administration of nerve growth factor produces antidepressant-like effects in animals.

Many works showed that nerve growth factor (NGF) injected into the brain of animal model emerges potential antidepressant effects. However, this route of administration significantly restricts the application of NGF clinically. Here, we reported that intranasal NGF could provide an alternative to intraventricular injection. The behavioral analysis showed that intranasal administration of NGF reduced the immobility time in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) in mice. Likewise, intranasal NGF increased the sucrose intake and the locomotor activity in rats after unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Furthermore, intranasal NGF increased the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters (norepinephrine, dopamine) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus and affected the number of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), c-fos and caspase-3 positive neurons in dentate gyrus of hippocampus in rats after UCMS. In summary, intranasal NGF had significant antidepressant effects on animal models of depression and this route of administration may provide a promising way to deliver NGF to brain in a therapeutic perspective.

Clinicopathologic characteristics and microsurgical treatment of glioma of limbic and paralimbic system / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the features of the clinical manifestations, imaging, pathology and microsurgery on the patients with gliomas of limbic and paralimbic system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 28 patients with gliomas of limbic and paralimbic system were analyzed respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seizure was the most common symptom, presented in 24 cases. CT scans showed hypodensity in 19 cases and isodensity in 9 cases. MRI scans were achieved in 23 cases, showing hypointense signal on T(1)WI and hyperintense signal on T(2)WI. Total resection was achieved in 19 cases, subtotal in 6 cases and partial in 3 cases. All patients had excellent postoperative recovery, except 5 patients who developed temporary frontal aphasia and 6 patients who developed contralateral hemiplegia. The patients had a postoperative follow-up ranging from 6 months to 5 years, and 23 cases still survived.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High-resolution CT and MRI may reveal the size, location, confines and sharp demarcation of the tumors. Gliomas can be microsurgically removed with considerable results.</p>

Multiple meningiomas: report of 32 cases / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the genesis and classification and diagnosis as well as the treatment of multiple meningiomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective study of the materials of 32 cases of multiple meningiomas, simultaneously review of the related articles.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were divided into 5 groups, primary 18 cases, postoperative 7 cases, accompanied by neurofibromatosis (NF) 4 cases, meningiomatosis 1 case, accompanied with other intracranial tumor 2 cases, one with pituitary adenoma and the other with glioma. All the patients accepted operation, cured 25 cases, improved 7 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The cytogenesis of different type of multiple meningiomas probably varied. Estrogen may play an important role in the genesis of multiple meningiomas. One stage resection of all the tumors was feasible to most cases and advocated. Most cases had strong tolerance to several times of operation, staging operation was permitted. The prognosis and principle of treatment of different group varied.</p>

Traumatic subdural hydroma developing into chronic subdural hematoma / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe the incidence, pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of traumatic subdural hydroma (TSH) developing into chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 32 patients with TSH developing into CSDH and reviewed related literature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>16.7% of TSH developed into CSDH in this study. The time of evolution was from 22 to 100 days after head injury. All the patients were cured with hematoma drainage.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TSH is one of the origins of CSDH. The clinical characteristics of TSH developing into CSDH follow that the ages of the patients are polarized, that the evolution often happens in the patients with small chronic hydromas and being treated conservatively, that the patients are usually injured deceleratedly and that the accompanying cerebral damage is often very mild.</p>

Type and its clinical characteristics of traumatic subdural hydroma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the types and clinical characteristics of traumatic subdural hydroma (TSH).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>One hundred and ninety-two cases of TSH were classified into four types: The types of resolution, steadiness, development and evolution on the basis of their clinical characteristics and dynamic observation of CT scanning.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients in the resolution type often occurred in the prime of life. They had normal intracranial pressure and good prognoses using the conservative therapy. The majority of the elderly patients was in the steadiness type. Their main clinical manifestations included headache, dizziness, nausea, vomit, abnormal mentality and so on. Generally, there was no positive nervous systemic sign related to TSH. The prognoses of patients with the steadiness type treated by conservative therapy were satisfactory. The development type was common in the babies and children. This was mainly manifested as progressive increased intracranial pressure, mild hemiplegia, aphasia and abnormal mentality. The patients with development type often needed surgical treatment and might die once in a while due to accompanying cerebral parenchymal damage or postoperative complications. The evolution type was characterized by the polarized age, chronic increased intracranial pressure, often happening between 22 and 100 days after TSH and in the cases of small hydromas treated conservatively and mild accompanying cerebral damage, which always have a good prognosis by the treatment of surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The mechanism, clinical characteristics, treatment methods and prognoses varied with different types of TSH.</p>

Diagnosis and treatment of cystic acoustic neuroma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical features and treatment of cystic acoustic neuroma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-two patients with cystic acoustic neuromas were diagnosed by CT and MRI preoperatively, and the tumors were resected by retrosigmoid approach, and verified by pathological studies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 22 patients, 18 had tumors totally resected (postoperative house Brackman facial nerve grading: grade II in 4 patients, III in 7, IV in 3, V in 2, VI in 2) and 4 had tumors subtotally resected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Because of its specific clinical features and poor operative results, cystic acoustic neuroma should be regarded as a specific subtype.</p>