ABSTRACT
Background: This report aims to describe the neuromodulation effect on seizure control in a patient with a left hippocampal migrated electrode to the Posterior Sylvian Junction (PSJ) during a follow-up of 17 years. Case Description: We report a case of a female patient with drug-resistant epilepsy who initiated at seven years old and underwent a stereotactic frame-based insertion of a left hippocampal electrode for deep brain stimulation (DBS). Posterior migration of the electrode was identified at PSJ by postoperative magnetic resonance imaging one month after surgery. A consistent seizure reduction (Engel IC) was obtained with 2v-120 uS-145 Hz, contacts 0-3 negative, casing positive DBS parameters and maintained to this day. Patient data were collected from electronic medical records preceded by obtaining an informed consent for research and publication purposes. Stimulation parameter adjustments were confirmed with the digital records of the local device provider (Medtronic). Results: PSJ is a connectivity confluence point of white matter pathways in the posterior quadrant of the hemispheres. White mater DBS could be considered for research as a potential complementary target for neuromodulation of refractory epilepsy.
ABSTRACT
Limbic surgery is one of the most attractive and retaken fields of functional neurosurgery in the last two decades. Psychiatric surgery emerged from the incipient work of Moniz and Lima lesioning the prefrontal cortex in agitated patients. Since the onset of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery with Spiegel and Wycis, the treatment of mental diseases gave attention to refractory illnesses mainly with the use of thalamotomies. Neurosis and some psychotic symptoms were treated by them. Several indications when lesioning the brain were included: obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and aggressiveness among others with a diversity of targets. The indiscriminately use of anatomical sites without enough scientific evidence, and uncertainly defined criteria for selecting patients merged with a deficiency in ethical aspects, brought a lack of procedures for a long time: only select clinics allowed this surgery around the world from 1950 to the 1990s. In 1999, Nuttin et al. began a new chapter in limbic surgery with the use of Deep Brain Stimulation, based on the experience of pain, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. The efforts were focused on different targets to treat depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Nevertheless, other diseases were added to use neuromodulation. The goal of this article is to show the new opportunities to treat neuropsychiatric diseases.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: There are no articles that aim to evaluate the specific role of surgical decompression on the recovery of pain and positive sensory symptoms (PSS) in patients with brachial plexus neuropathy (BPN), as well as the relationship between pain and frequency of sensory manifestations. METHODS: A prospective before and after study was performed, considering the pain intensity through the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the frequency of PSS through a proposed new scale: Sensory Frequency of Symptoms Scale (SFSS). To compare the patients before and after the intervention, a paired T-test, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Cohen's D test were made, coupled with a Spearman analysis in order to establish the relationship between pain and PSS. RESULTS: Sixteen patients were included in the study, the clinical evaluation showed changes in pain according with VAS, going from a mean preoperative state of 8.19 to 1.31 after surgery, showing significant changes (84%, p < 0.00006, Δ = 2.776). Within the PSS, a significant decrease was observed in paresthesias (74%, p < 0.0001, Δ = 1.645), dysesthesias (80%, p < 0.002, Δ = 1.453), and allodynia (70%, p = 0.031, Δ = 0.635). Conversely, the preoperative correlation analysis between pain and dysesthesias/allodynia showed a low and non-significant relationship (R < 0.4, p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical decompression is an effective technique for the relief of pain and sensory manifestations in adult patients with BPN of compressive origin. No relationship was observed between pain and dysesthesias/allodynia. Therefore, during clinical evaluation, they should be considered as independent manifestations, highlighting the need to validate new scales.
Subject(s)
Brachial Plexus Neuropathies , Neuralgia , Adult , Humans , Hyperalgesia , Paresthesia , Prospective Studies , Neuralgia/diagnosis , Neuralgia/etiology , Neuralgia/surgery , Decompression, SurgicalABSTRACT
RESUMEN En Cuba, vacunarse es un acto seguro. Garantizar que siga siendo así, lograr que cada vacuna sea realmente inmunizante, evitar brotes de enfermedades infectocontagiosas y brindar seguridad para vacunarse depende de los conocimientos del profesional de salud. Para evaluar la efectividad de una estrategia educativa sobre vacunación pediátrica, dirigida a profesionales de atención primaria de salud de Bayamo entre 2016 y 2019, se realizó esta investigación. El estudio cuasi experimental incluyó diseño, aplicación en 181 profesionales y evaluación de la estrategia. La variable dependiente fue nivel de conocimiento y la independiente: estrategia educativa, que trató contraindicaciones, falsas contraindicaciones (catarro, concomitancia con antibióticos) y factores que modifican la inmunogenicidad de la vacunación (esteroides, inmunomoduladores, sangre y derivados). Se evaluó nivel de conocimiento sobre los temas antes y después de la intervención, la recuperación de niños no vacunados y de vacunación no inmunizante. Se empleó la prueba de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon con índice de confianza del 95%. Inicialmente predominó el nivel inadecuado de conocimiento alrededor de 70 (%) que disminuyó significativamente. Se recuperaron 12 niños no vacunados y 60 vacunaciones no inmunizantes. Los problemas del conocimiento se detectaron en áreas que no implican peligro para la vida ni comprometen la seguridad o la cobertura vacunal numérica. La investigación tiene enfoque preventivo y aumenta la calidad y efectividad de la vacunación. Se modificó positivamente el nivel cognitivo de los profesionales y disminuyó el número de niños con atraso, contraindicación inadecuada o la vacunación no inmunizante. La estrategia educativa se consideró efectiva.
ABSTRACT In Cuba, getting vaccinated is a safe act. Ensuring that this remains the case, making each vaccine truly immunizing, preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases, and providing safety for vaccination depends on the knowledge of the health professional. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational strategy on pediatric vaccination, aimed at primary health care professionals in Bayamo between 2016 and 2019, this research was carried out. The quasi-experimental study included design, application in 181 professionals and evaluation of the strategy. The dependent variable was level of knowledge and the independent variable was educational strategy, which dealt with contraindications, false contraindications (colds, concomitance with antibiotics) and factors that modify the immunogenicity of vaccination (steroids, immunomodulators, blood and derivatives). The level of knowledge about the topics before and after the intervention, the recovery of unvaccinated children and of non-immunizing vaccination was evaluated. The Wilcoxon signed rank test with a confidence index of 95% was used. Initially, the inadequate level of knowledge predominated around 70 (%), which decreased significantly. Twelve unvaccinated children and 60 non-immunizing vaccinations were recovered. The knowledge problems were detected in areas that do not imply danger to life or compromise safety or numerical vaccination coverage. Research has a preventive focus and increases the quality and effectiveness of vaccination. The cognitive level of the professionals was positively modified and the number of children with delay, inadequate contraindication or non-immunizing vaccination decreased. The educational strategy was considered effective.
RESUMO Em Cuba, ser vacinado é um ato seguro. Garantir que assim seja, tornar cada vacina verdadeiramente imunizante, prevenir surtos de doenças infecciosas e dar segurança à vacinação depende do conhecimento do profissional de saúde. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia de uma estratégia educativa sobre vacinação pediátrica, dirigida a profissionais da atenção básica em Bayamo entre 2016 e 2019, foi realizada esta pesquisa. O estudo quase experimental incluiu desenho, aplicação em 181 profissionais e avaliação da estratégia. A variável dependente foi o nível de conhecimento e a variável independente foi a estratégia educacional, que tratou das contra-indicações, falsas contra-indicações (resfriados, concomitância com antibióticos) e fatores que modificam a imunogenicidade da vacinação (esteróides, imunomoduladores, sangue e derivados). Foi avaliado o nível de conhecimento sobre os temas antes e depois da intervenção, recuperação de crianças não vacinadas e vacinação não imunizante. Foi utilizado o teste dos postos sinalizados de Wilcoxon com índice de confiança de 95%. Inicialmente, o nível de conhecimento inadequado predominava em torno de 70 (%), que diminuiu significativamente. Doze crianças não vacinadas e 60 vacinações não imunizantes foram recuperadas. Foram detectados problemas de conhecimento em áreas que não representam perigo à vida e nem comprometem a segurança ou a cobertura vacinal numérica. A pesquisa tem um enfoque preventivo e aumenta a qualidade e eficácia da vacinação. O nível cognitivo dos profissionais foi modificado positivamente e o número de crianças com atraso, contra-indicação inadequada ou vacinação não imunizante diminuiu. A estratégia educativa foi considerada eficaz.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Neurosurgical treatment, although controversial, is considered a useful resource in the treatment of chronic psychiatric diseases such as refractory aggressiveness. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical results and side effects of posteromedial hypothalamotomy associated with amygdalotomy in patients with refractory aggressiveness. METHOD: A clinical trial was conducted in patients with chronic aggressiveness and refractory to pharmacological treatment. A central amygdalotomy associated with posteromedial hypothalamotomy was performed using thermo-coagulation by radiofrequency. The degree of aggressiveness was quantified by the Yudofsky's global scale of aggression. Postoperative changes in aggressive behavior continued to be evaluated every 6 months for at least 36 months. RESULTS: A statistically significant change in aggressive behavior was observed during 36 months of follow-up. The collateral effects of the association of both procedures are described, the most frequent being drowsiness and some cases of reduction in sexual behavior. CONCLUSION: Symmetric and simultaneous unilateral lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala and the posteromedial hypothalamus contralateral to motor dominance give the same clinical effect in the reduction of the pathological aggression that the bilateral lesions.
Subject(s)
Aggression , Amygdala/surgery , Hypothalamus/surgery , Adult , Amygdala/diagnostic imaging , Electrocoagulation/adverse effects , Electrocoagulation/methods , Female , Humans , Hypothalamus/diagnostic imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Psychosurgery/methods , Radiofrequency Ablation/adverse effects , Radiofrequency Ablation/methods , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Neurosurgical treatment, although controversial, is considered a useful resource in the treatment of chronic psychiatric diseases such as refractory aggressiveness. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical results and side effects of posteromedial hypothalamotomy associated with amygdalotomy in patients with refractory aggressiveness. METHOD: A clinical trial was conducted in patients with chronic aggressiveness and refractory to pharmacological treatment. A central amygdalotomy associated with posteromedial hypothalamotomy was performed using thermo-coagulation by radiofrequency. The degree of aggressiveness was quantified by the Yudofsky's global scale of aggression. Postoperative changes in aggressive behavior continued to be evaluated every 6 months for at least 36 months. RESULTS: A statistically significant change in aggressive behavior was observed during 36 months of follow-up. The collateral effects of the association of both procedures are described, the most frequent being drowsiness and some cases of reduction in sexual behavior. CONCLUSION: Symmetric and simultaneous unilateral lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala and the posteromedial hypothalamus contralateral to motor dominance give the same clinical effect in the reduction of the pathological aggression that the bilateral lesions.
ANTECEDENTES: El tratamiento neuroquirúrgico, aunque polémico, se considera un recurso útil en el tratamiento de enfermedades psiquiátricas crónicas como la agresividad refractaria. OBJETIVO: Evaluar los resultados clínicos y los efectos colaterales de la hipotalamotomía posteromedial (HPM) asociada a amigdalotomía en pacientes con agresividad refractaria. MÉTODO: Se realizó un ensayo clínico en pacientes con agresividad crónica y refractaria a tratamiento farmacológico. Se les realizó amigdalotomía central asociada a HPM mediante termocoagulación por radiofrecuencia. El grado de agresividad se cuantificó mediante la escala global de agresividad de Yudofsky. Los cambios postoperatorios en la conducta agresiva continuaron siendo evaluados cada 6 meses durante al menos 36 meses. RESULTADOS: Se observó un cambio estadísticamente significativo de la conducta agresiva, a lo largo de 36 meses de seguimiento. Se describen los efectos colaterales de la asociación de ambos procedimientos, siendo el de mayor frecuencia la somnolencia y algunos casos de reducción en la conducta sexual. CONCLUSIÓN: Las lesiones unilaterales simétricas y simultáneas del núcleo central de la amígdala y del hipotálamo posteromedial contralaterales a la dominancia motora dan el mismo efecto clínico en la reducción de la agresividad patológica que las lesiones bilaterales.
Subject(s)
Aggression , Amygdala/surgery , Hypothalamus/surgery , Mental Disorders/surgery , Psychosurgery/methods , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
Resumen Antecedentes: El tratamiento neuroquirúrgico, aunque polémico, se considera un recurso útil en el tratamiento de enfermedades psiquiátricas crónicas como la agresividad refractaria. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados clínicos y los efectos colaterales de la hipotalamotomía posteromedial (HPM) asociada a amigdalotomía en pacientes con agresividad refractaria. Método: Se realizó un ensayo clínico en pacientes con agresividad crónica y refractaria a tratamiento farmacológico. Se les realizó amigdalotomía central asociada a HPM mediante termocoagulación por radiofrecuencia. El grado de agresividad se cuantificó mediante la escala global de agresividad de Yudofsky. Los cambios postoperatorios en la conducta agresiva continuaron siendo evaluados cada 6 meses durante al menos 36 meses. Resultados: Se observó un cambio estadísticamente significativo de la conducta agresiva, a lo largo de 36 meses de seguimiento. Se describen los efectos colaterales de la asociación de ambos procedimientos, siendo el de mayor frecuencia la somnolencia y algunos casos de reducción en la conducta sexual. Conclusión: Las lesiones unilaterales simétricas y simultáneas del núcleo central de la amígdala y del hipotálamo posteromedial contralaterales a la dominancia motora dan el mismo efecto clínico en la reducción de la agresividad patológica que las lesiones bilaterales.
Abstract Background: Neurosurgical treatment, although controversial, is considered a useful resource in the treatment of chronic psychiatric diseases such as refractory aggressiveness. Objective: To evaluate the clinical results and side effects of posteromedial hypothalamotomy associated with amygdalotomy in patients with refractory aggressiveness. Method: A clinical trial was conducted in patients with chronic aggressiveness and refractory to pharmacological treatment. A central amygdalotomy associated with posteromedial hypothalamotomy was performed using thermo-coagulation by radiofrequency. The degree of aggressiveness was quantified by the Yudofsky's global scale of aggression. Postoperative changes in aggressive behavior continued to be evaluated every 6 months for at least 36 months. Results: A statistically significant change in aggressive behavior was observed during 36 months of follow-up. The collateral effects of the association of both procedures are described, the most frequent being drowsiness and some cases of reduction in sexual behavior. Conclusion: Symmetric and simultaneous unilateral lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala and the posteromedial hypothalamus contralateral to motor dominance give the same clinical effect in the reduction of the pathological aggression that the bilateral lesions.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Psychosurgery/methods , Aggression , Amygdala/surgery , Hypothalamus/surgery , Mental Disorders/surgeryABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Stereotactic radiosurgery consists of the release and high dose radiation inside the intracraneal, small, well defined and stereotactic localized injury. OBJECTIVE: In this study we describe the technical aspects, clinical results and dose radiation levels used in 100 patients treated with LINAC. METHODS: One hundred patients received treatment with LINAC stereotactic radiosurgery, 34 AVM, 22 meningiomas, 18 astrocytomas, 11 pituitary adenomas, 5 cavernous malformations, 3 acoustic neuromas, 3 craniopharyngiomas, 2 cases of epilepsy, one brain metastasis and one ependymoma. The radiation dose changed in each case. Studied variables: response of the injury, toxicity, in target dose, number of isocenters, number of treatment arcs, number o fcollimators, dose of risk organ, homogeneity of target, margin of error, target, diameter of collimator and location of target. We applied the chi2 test with statistical significance of p < 0.05. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 17.7 months. We had 3 cases of minor toxicity. We confirmed that for a greater target volume, greater number of treatment arcs were necessary, with greater margins of errors and greater number of isocenters. CONCLUSIONS: Radiosurgery is a safe and reliable technique to treat benign and malignant intracraneal lesions.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/surgery , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Radiosurgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hospitals, General , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Radiosurgery/methodsABSTRACT
La radiocirugía estereotáxica consiste en la liberación de una dosis única y grande de radiación a una lesión intracraneal, pequeña, bien definida y localizada estereotáxicamente. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es detallar las consideraciones técnicas y correlacionarlas con los resultados clínicos, así como reportar los márgenes de dosis utilizados. Métodos: Fueron tratados 100 pacientes mediante radiocirugía estereotáxica con LINAC. Treinta y cuatro casos de malformaciones arteriovenosas, 22 meningiomas, 18 astrocitomas, 11 adenomas hipofisiarios, 5 angiomas cavernosos, 3 neurinomas del acústico, 3 craneofaringiomas, 2 casos de epilepsia, una metástasis cerebral y un ependimoma. Las dosis de radiación utilizadas variaron en cada caso. Variables estudiadas: respuesta de la lesión, toxicidad, dosis al volumen blanco, número de isocentros, número de arcos de tratamiento, número de colimadores, dosis a órganos riesgo, homogeneidad volumen blanco, margen de error, volumen blanco, diámetro de colimadores y localización del volumen blanco. Se realizó la prueba x² con significancia estadística p <0.05. La media seguimiento fue de 17.7 meses. Resultados: Se presentaron tres casos de toxicidad menor. Se confirmó que a mayor volumen blanco tratado será necesario mayor número de arcos de tratamiento, con amplio margen de error y mayor número de isocentros. Conclusión: La radiocirugía es un método seguro y confiable para el manejo de entidades patológicas benignas y malignas intracraneales.
Stereotactic radiosurgery consists of the release and high dose radiation inside the intracraneal, small, well defined and stereotactic localized injury. Objective: In this study we describe the technical aspects, clinical results and dose radiation levels used in 100 patients treated with LINAC. Methods: One hundred patients received treatment withe LINAC stereotactic radiosurgery, 34 AVM, 22 meningiomas, 18 astrocytomas, 11 pituitary adenomas, 5 cavernous malformations, 3 acoustic neuromas, 3 craniopharyngiomas, 2 cases of epilepsy, one brain metastases and one ependymoma. The radiation dose changed in each case. Studied variables: response of the injury, toxicity, in target dose, number of isocenters, number of treatment arcs, number of collimators, dose of risk organ, homogeneity of target, margin of error, target, diameter of collimator and location of target. We applied the %2 test with statistical significance of p < 0.05. Results: The median follow up was 17.7 months. We had 3 cases of minor toxicity. We confirmed that for a greater target volume, greater number oftreatment arcs were necessary, with greater margins of errors and greater number of isocenters. Conclusions: Radiosurgery is a safe and reliable technique to treat benign and malignant intracranial lesions.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Brain Diseases/surgery , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Radiosurgery , Hospitals, General , Mexico , Radiosurgery/methodsABSTRACT
Manejo de la espasticidad y diston'a en la PCI con toxina botul'nica tipo A.Introducción.- La toxina botulínica tipo A (NxTx Bo A) se ha usado en la terapia del estrabismo, distonías y espasticidad. Objetivo.- Evaluar la efectividad de la NxTx Bo A en pacientes con parálisis cerebral infantil (PCI) espástica y/o distónica. Material y Métodos.- Se trataron prospectivamente 12 pacientes con al menos 2 dosis de NxTxBoA en los músculos afectados durante 12 meses. Ocho espásticos y cuatro espásticos-distónicos. Las indicaciones fueron: mejorar funcionalidad de las extremidades espásticas o distónicas, evitar cirugía correctora y mejorar la higiene y/o el vestido. La respuesta se evaluó con Escalas de Ashworth (EEA), Sindou-Millet (ESM) y OïBrien (EOB). Análisis estadístico.-Pruebas de rango de Wilcoxon y de signos, con p<0.05. Resultados.- La dosis por sesión fue de 3 a 10 U/kg, con mejoría de 2 grados en 8 pacientes según la EEA y un grado o más en el resto (p=0,004). En la ESM mejor- 60 por ciento en 2 pacientes , y 50 por ciento en los otros (p=0.006). La EOB mostró una buena correlación. La mejoría promedio fue 4.8 meses (4 a 10 m), facilitando la terapia física y ortesis. El efecto se relacionó con la dosis. Los efectos secundarios fueron: debilidad general, desequilibrio y hematoma focal. Conclusiones.- La NoTxBoA demostró efectividad y mínimos efectos colaterales en el tratamiento de espasticidad y distonía en la PCI como un manejo aditivo a las medidas de rehabilitación.