Corrigendum to "To Investigate the Effect of Colchicine in Prevention of Adhesions Caused by Serosal Damage in Rats".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2015/315325.].

To Investigate the Effect of Colchicine in Prevention of Adhesions Caused by Serosal Damage in Rats.

Introduction and Aim. Adhesion formation is a process which starts with an inflammation caused by a number of factors and eventually results in fibrosis. Colchicine prevents adhesion formation which is antifibrous process. The effectivity of colchicine in the prevention of adhesions was investigated. Materials and Methods. A total of 36 rats were equally divided into three groups: (I) control group 1 (n = 12), (II) abrasion group 2 (n = 12), and (III) abrasion + colchicine group 3 (n = 12). Group 1 underwent laparotomy and was orally given physiological serum 2 cc/day for 10 days. In Group 2, injury was created in the cecum serosa following laparotomy and they were orally given physiological serum 2 cc/day for 10 days. In Group 3, injury was created in the cecum serosa following laparotomy and the rats were orally given colchicine 50 mcg kg/day mixed with physiological serum 2 cc/day for 10 days. Laparotomy was performed and adhesions were examined both macroscopically and microscopically. Both macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed using Zühlke's score. Results. A significant difference was observed among the adhesion scores of the groups both macroscopically and microscopically. Macroscopic score was lower in group 3 than group 2. Microscopic score was lower in group 3 than group 2. Conclusion. Oral administration of colchicine is effective in the prevention of adhesions.

Multidirectional and simultaneous evaluation of gastroschisis-related intestinal damage in chick embryos.

PURPOSE: In a chick model of gastroschisis, we aimed to investigate the morphological/cellular, molecular, and ultrastructural changes taking place in gastroschisis-related intestinal damage (GRID). METHODS: 13-Day fertilized eggs were divided into two groups. CONTROL GROUP: chorio-amnio-allontoic membranes opened and abdominal wall exposed. Gastroschisis group: an anterior abdominal wall defect created after opening membranes. Embryos from both groups were surgically removed on post-fertilization day 19. Intestinal samples were obtained for histopathology, immunohistochemistry, molecular biology, and electron microscopy. RESULTS: The histopathological grade of intestinal damage which primarily involved mucosal structures was significantly higher in the gastroschisis group when compared to the control group (p<0.001). Immunohistochemically, E-cadherin and synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the gastroschisis group was significantly lower than control group (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in laminin and type-4 collagen immunoreactivity between the groups (p>0.05). Molecular analyses indicated a significant decrease in NFκB and IκB expression in the gastroschisis group (p<0.05 and p=0.001, respectively). Electron microscopy showed that the gastroschisis group had considerable ultrastructural damage, manifested by apoptosis in all layers. CONCLUSIONS: GRID affected all layers but was more prominent in mucosa. The damage may depend on E-cadherin and synaptophysin downregulation. Increased apoptotic activity, associated with decreased NFκB and IκB expression, may be an important component of this multifactorial damaging process.

Gastric collision tumor: Case report of a rare adenocarcinoma and a typical carcinoid tumor.

We report a case with features of gastric adenocarcinoma colliding with a typical carcinoid component. A 51-year-old female was admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine with complaints of epigastric pain. On physical examination of the patient there was significant epigastric tenderness and the CA19-9 level was higher than the normal titer value. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed an ulcerated polypoid mass located on the cardiac region of the stomach. Pathological and immunohistochemical findings diagnosed as a collision tumor comprising both adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumor. Metastasis of adenocarcinoma was found in 7 perigastric lymph nodes, while metastasis of the carcinoid was not detected. The admixture of neoplastic endocrine and nonendocrine cells, have been found infrequently in gastric tumors. The mixed tumors can be further classified into composite tumors that show an admixture of two histological components with histological transitions and collision tumors where the two components are not intermixed In general it is not easy to morphologically distinguish a collision tumor, from composite tumor. Microscopically, hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections from two different areas of the mass revealed two different types of tumor; an intestinal type adenocarcinoma and a carcinoid tumor. We report a case with features of adenocarcinoma colliding with a typical carcinoid component, along with a review of the literature.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester modulates aflatoxin B1-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most potent of the mycotoxins and is widely observed in nutrition abnormalities. There are some studies suggesting oxidative stress-induced toxic changes on liver related to AFB1 toxicity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether antioxidant caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) relieves oxidative stress in AFB1-induced liver injury in rat. Twenty-four male rats were equally divided into three groups. The first group was used as a control. The second group received three doses of AFB1. The three doses of CAPE were given to constitute the third group with doses of AFB1. After 10 days of experiment, liver and serum samples were taken from all animals. Serum gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glutathione s-transferase (GST), nitric oxide (NO) and sulfhydryl values were higher in the AFB1 group than in control, whereas serum GGT, ALP, GST and NO values were decreased by in the AFB1 + CAPE group than in AFB1 group. Liver GST, total oxidant capacity, sulfhydryl, apoptosis index and ischemia-modified albumin values were higher in the AFB1 group than in control, whereas the GST activity and apoptosis index were lower in the AFB1 + CAPE group than in the AFB1 group. There were histopathological degeneration and apoptosis in hepatocytes of AFB1 group. The findings were totally recovered by CAPE administration. In conclusion, we observed that AFB1 caused oxidative and nitrosative hepatoxicity to hepatocytes in the rat. However, CAPE induced protective effects on the AFB1-induced hepatoxicity by modulating free radical production, biochemical values and histopathological alterations.

Familial adenomatous polyposis associated with gastrointestinal stromal tumor: report of a case.

Desmoid tumors are one of the most common extracolonic manifestations of the familial adenomatous polyposis. However, other soft tissue tumors are seen rarely in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis, including gastrointestinal stromal tumor. There is only one case reported in the literature. We describe a 29-year-old female who developed ileal malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor 15 months after proctocolectomy for familial adenomatous polyposis, with a review of the literature focusing on sarcomas arising in this inherited disease. We suggest that the rare occurrence of gastrointestinal stromal tumor in familial adenomatous polyposis does not exclude their consideration in the differential diagnosis of extracolonic manifestations of the disease.

Bilateral tonsillar and esophageal Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV-negative patient.

Tonsillar involvement in Kaposi sarcoma is extremely rare, as only a few such cases have been reported; all but 1 of these previously reported cases occurred in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We describe what to the best of our knowledge is the first reported case of concurrent bilateral tonsillar and esophageal Kaposi sarcoma in an HIV-negative patient. A 68-year-old man presented with sore throat and dysphagia. Clinical examination revealed the presence of bilateral and asymmetrical tonsillar masses, as well as generalized lymphadenopathy in the cervical chain. The masses were resected, and findings on histopathologic analysis were consistent with Kaposi sarcoma. In addition, human herpesvirus 8 was demonstrated on a tonsil specimen by polymerase chain reaction, and microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma was also detected. Later, another Kaposi sarcoma lesion was detected in the lower third of the esophagus. We recommend that clinicians not discount the possibility of oral classic Kaposi sarcoma in the workup of an immunocompetent patient with oral vascular lesions.

Comparison of intraperitoneal antithrombin III and heparin in experimental peritonitis.

The antifibrotic effect of heparin, an anticoagulant used routinely in the treatment of peritonitis, is unknown, whereas antithrombin III (AT-III) has both anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory actions. The aim of this study was to compare the antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects of AT-III and heparin in rats with experimentally developed peritonitis while on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Sixty-four Wistar albino rats (in four groups of 16) were used in the study. Group 1 received PD solution only, group 2 had experimentally developed peritonitis in addition to PD solution; group 3 received heparin intraperitoneally for 3 days, in addition to group 2; and group 4 received AT-III intraperitoneally for 3 days, in addition to group 2. Plasma and dialysate levels of tissue-plasminogen activator were similar in heparin and AT-III groups on both day 3 and day 14. The inflammation scores of heparin and AT-III groups were also similar in both early and late phases. The fibrosis score of the AT-III group was low compared with both peritonitis and heparin groups in the early phase (p = 0.03), though it was similar in the late phase. The effects of AT-III are comparable with that of heparin in PD peritonitis in rats with experimentally developed peritonitis while on PD.

Long-term aspects of nodular gastritis in children.

BACKGROUND: Close association of nodular gastritis and Helicobacter pylori infection has been initially proved by various studies. There have been some studies reporting microscopic and histologic recovery in a short time after eradication therapy. But there is not enough data about the long-term course of this condition. The aim of this study is to document current clinical conditions, presence of H. pylori and results of endoscopic and histologic examination, after a long-term period, in children with endoscopically diagnosed antral nodularity. METHODS: A total of 35 patients diagnosed as nodular antral gastritis by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy during a 2 year period, were invited for re-evaluation and re-endoscopy after 3 years. Histopathologically, H. pylori detected ones had been treated with standard triple eradication therapy. In total, 27 patients were accepted for enrollment in the study. Repeated endoscopy could be performed in all 27 patients. RESULTS: The persistence of antral nodularity was detected in 18 of 27 patients. Decrease in symptoms, absence of symptoms and presence of H. pylori infection were detected in 6, 8 and 16 (89%) of them, respectively. There was no statistical significance between the first and last endoscopic biopsies when activity, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and presence of follicles were regarded. Malt lymphoma could not be detected in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: There is a strong association between nodular gastritis and H. pylori. Presence of antral nodularity in the long-term period may be related to H. pylori re-infection. New therapeutic approaches are required for treatment and management of the patients diagnosed as nodular gastritis and living in areas endemic for H. pylori infection.

Lamivudine and high-dose interferon alpha 2a combination treatment in naïve HBeAg-positive immunoactive chronic hepatitis B in children: an East Mediterranean center's experience.

Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is among the most common causes of chronic liver disease in children. The aim of this study was to document prospectively our experiences related to lamivudine and high-dose interferon-alpha2a combination in naïve, e antigen positive, chronic hepatitis B virus infection treatment in children. Thirty-three children diagnosed as naïve, immunoactive chronic hepatitis B were treated with lamivudine (3 mg/kg/day) and interferon-alpha2a (10 MU/m2, thrice weekly). Initially, lamivudine was initiated three months before interferon-alpha for induction, and after June 2002, both drugs were started simultaneously. After interferon-alpha was stopped, lamivudine alone was continued for six months. HBeAg seroconversion with the normalization of serum ALT was achieved at the end of treatment and at the end of follow-up for 20/33 patients. Initial mean alanine aminotransferase, 142.9 IU/L, decreased to a mean value of 31.4. End-treatment response and sustained response rates were 66.7% (14/21) and 50% (6/12), respectively, in patients that underwent lamivudine induction before interferon-alpha and in patients that began to receive the two drugs simultaneously (p=0.4). Flu-like syndrome and anorexia were the most common complaints. As our conclusions, we propose that interferon-alpha2a plus lamivudine combination therapy is highly successful and safe in children suffering from chronic hepatitis B. Lamivudine induction before interferon does not seem to be necessary.

Comparison of systemic and local effects of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid: an experimental study in a rat model.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to determine the local and systemic effects of widely available household cleaners, namely 45% nitric acid (NHO(3)), and 18% hydrochloric acid (HCl), in a rat model. METHODS: This prospective, experimental, placebo-controlled trial was carried out in the Animal Research Laboratory of Akdeniz University hospital. Commonly available solution of 45% NHO(3) and 18% HCl were tested against normal saline. Each solution was administrated orally to groups consisting of ten rats. The metabolic changes were determined by measuring the pH and calcium (Ca) levels before and after the administration of solutions. In addition, the pathological changes and mortality rates were determined for each group. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in the post-ingestion (30 minutes later) Ca levels and a decrease in the post-ingestion pH levels after the administration of test solution in the NHO(3) (p=0.006 for Ca increase, p=0.001 for pH decrease) and HCl (p=0.007 for Ca increase, p=0.023 for pH decrease) groups. There was also a statistically significant difference between groups for Ca increase (p=0.000) and pH decrease (p=0.006). In post hoc analysis, the difference between the groups was found to be originated from the placebo group. In the pathological evaluation of esophagus and stomach, there was a statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.009 (E) and p=0.016 (S)) and the difference was found to be originated from the control group (p=0.543 (E), p=0.244 (S) for NHO(3) and HCl). The 30-minute mortality rates were 0,2 in the NHO(3) group, 0,6 in the HCl group and 0 in the control group. CONCLUSION: Serious metabolic and mild local pathological changes can occur after the ingestion of household NHO3 and HCl solutions. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the causes of death following oral ingestion of these compounds and appropriate public health warnings should be taken.

Myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase and superoxide dismutase in the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori positive and negative pediatric patients.

The aim of this study was determination and comparison of the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), xanthine oxidase (XO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in gastric mucosa of children who were infected and noninfected with Helicobacter pylori (HP). The MPO, and XO enzyme activities were detected via kinetic measurement, and the MPO, XO and SOD enzyme protein levels were detected via Western blot, in antral mucosa specimens of 43 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with various indications. The diagnosis of HP infection was made with a positive rapid urease test and histopathologic detection. MPO activity and enzyme protein levels were measured in 14 [8 HP (+) and 6 HP (-)], and in 9 [5 HP (+) and 4 HP (-)] while XO activity and enzyme protein levels were measured in 16 [10 HP (+) and 6 HP (-)] and in 9 [5 HP (+) and 4 HP (-)] patients, respectively. SOD protein level was detected in 13 [7 HP (+) and 6 HP (-)] patients. Of 43 patients 25 were HP (+) and 18 were HP (-). MPO activities were 75.6 +/- 40.5 and 98.8 +/- 44.1 U/g. protein (p = 0.302) while XO activities were 0.5 +/- 0.3 and 0.4 +/- 0.2 U/g. protein in HP (+) and HP (-) patients, respectively (p = 0.625). Measured enzyme protein levels of MPO, XO and SOD were found statistically indifferent in HP (+) and HP (-) patients (p = 0.327, p = 0.086, and p = 0.775, respectively). The results of this study revealed that, MPO, XO and SOD conditions in gastric mucosa alone were not affected from HP presence. That's why MPO, XO, and SOD may not have important roles in the pathogenesis of HP related gastric disease in children.

[A descending colon tumour prolapsing from anus: case report]. / Anüsten prolabe olan inen kolon tümörü: Olgu Sunumu.

Most colonic polyps are asymptomatic and the incidence rises during sixth and seventh decades. Symptoms and signs may vary with histological types and location. Clinical features include fresh rectal bleeding, mucoid diarrhea and prolapsus of stalked rectal polyps located near distal segment. Here we discuss a case with a rare clinical presentation, who had sessile malign villous adenoma located in the descending colon, which caused colocolic intussusception and prolapsed through the anus.

Sacrococcygeal teratoma showing organoid differentiation: report of a case.

We present the case of a neonate with a sacrococcygeal teratoma showing organoid differentiation. A 5-day-old baby girl was transferred to our hospital with a large sacrococcygeal mass. Ultrasonography revealed a few well-limited fluid-filled lesions, indicating that the teratoma had cystic components. During surgery, a sac containing 30cm of small bowel loops was found in the tumor. The bowel segment was supplied by a mesentery-like structure originating from teratoid tissue. Histopathological examination verified a benign mature teratoma with fully developed small bowel loops. The tumor was defined as a sacrococcygeal fetiform teratoma. The terminological, structural, and clinical aspects of this unusual tumor are discussed, with a review of the English literature.

p27 Labeling index and proliferation in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: correlations with clinicopathologic factors and recurrence.

BACKGROUND: Low expression of p27, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, has recently been reported to be associated with poor prognosis of many tumors. Moreover, an inverse relationship between p27 expression and proliferation was also noted. Although accumulating data indicate a correlation between high proliferation rate and aggressive behavior of gastrointestinal stromal tumors, no conclusive correlation between p27 expression and either tumor recurrence or proliferation has been established yet in this disease. The aim of this study was to immunohistochemically investigate the association of p27 expression (as measured by the p27 labeling index: p27LI) with recurrence and proliferation (as measured by the Ki-67 labeling index: KLI) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. METHODS: p27LI and KLI were investigated in tumor specimens from 50 patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Quantitative evaluations of p27LI and KLI were performed on tissue sections stained immunohistochemically with anti-p27 and anti-Ki-67 monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Both p27LI and KLI were associated with the presence of recurrence and high mitotic index. A significant inverse correlation was noted between p27LI and KLI (r = -0.82). The recurrence-free survival time was significantly shorter in patients with high KLI (> or = 10%), low p27LI (<18%), mitosis (> or = 4), and larger tumor size (> or = 5.2 cm). Multivariate analysis indicated that p27LI, KLI, and mitosis were independent predictors of recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the view that p27LI is a reliable marker in predicting recurrence and recurrence-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Moreover, the concordance of high KLI together with low p27LI, and vice versa, might allow us to measure the aggressiveness of these tumors.

Omentum pediculed musculo-peritoneal flap (OPMP) for growing intestinal neomucosa in a rat model.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: To construct a musculo-peritoneal flap adequately vascularised through attached omentum and to evaluate whether this flap is functional for growing new intestinal mucosa. METHODS: 24 rats underwent two surgical procedures. 1) A musculo-peritoneal flap was prepared, omentum was fixed onto the muscular side and a silicon graft was placed on the peritoneal side. 2) After one month the so constructed OPMP flap was mobilised and attached to the jejunum. Animals were harvested at 2, 4 and 8 months for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. RESULTS: One rat died at 7 months due to intestinal volvulus. In the remainder the circumference of the patched intestine significantly increased compared to that of normal intestine (p<0.001). The flaps were markedly contracted in the 4 month rats (p<0.01). All flaps were completely covered by neomucosa except in the 2 month rats. Crypt depth and crypt density of the neomucosa was significantly lower in 2 month rats compared to other groups (p<0.05). Similarly neomucosal villous height was markedly low in the 2 month rats (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: To date, we have found no reports of small bowel patching using this technique. In this context, use of OPMP flap is likely to be useful for increasing intestinal surface area.

Evaluation of a Western blot technique (Helicoblot 2.1) for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in children.

AIM: We evaluated the performance of Helicoblot 2.1 which differentiates the reactivity to each of the various Helicobacter pylori antigens, and compared the results with those obtained by standard techniques (rapid urease test and histological examination of gastric biopsy) in symptomatic children of different ages living in Antalya, Turkey. METHODS: Eighty-eight children (mean age, 9.15 years) were divided into two groups. The first group included 66 children who were found to be infected with H. pylori. The second group included 22 children who were negative for H. pylori. Serum samples collected from all patients were tested for H. pylori IgG antibodies by immunoblot assay (Helicoblot 2.1). RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for detection of H. pylori infection were 80%, 100%, 100% and 85%, respectively. In children under 7 years of age, the sensitivity of the test was found to be lower than other age groups (P<0.05). No relationship was found between peptic ulcer and cagA antibody positivity (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Helicoblot 2.1 is a useful non-invasive diagnostic tool for H. pylori infection in children over 6 years of age.

Existence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and osteosarcoma in a child.

The existence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and osteosarcoma is described. An 8-year-old girl had osteosarcoma diagnosed on radiologic and pathologic examination during ALL maintenance treatment. Cytogenetic analyses in primary cell culture of osteosarcoma tissue from the patient showed complex chromosomal abnormalities including t(1;19), usually seen in B precursor cell ALL, and del 13, found in a great majority of primary osteosarcomas. To show the possibility of the existence of the genetic susceptibility caused by gene rearrangements, we used molecular technique. But we could not determine any association between gene and genetic susceptibility.

Aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit.

Aneurysmal bone cysts of the skull are rare, and orbital involvement of these cysts is even less frequent. We present CT, MR imaging, and histopathologic findings of an aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit in a 13-year-old female adolescent. The tumor mainly involved the frontal bone. MR imaging findings of the aneurysmal bone cyst of the skull were highly suggestive of the diagnosis.