Antimicrobial and Anticancer Properties of Synthetic Peptides Derived from the Wasp Parachartergus fraternus.

Agelaia-MPI and protonectin are antimicrobial peptides isolated from the wasp Parachartergus fraternus that show antimicrobial and neuroactive activities. Previously, two analogues of these peptides, neuroVAL and protonectin-F, were designed to reduce nonspecific toxicity and improve potency. Here, the three-dimensional structures of neuroVAL, protonectin and protonectin-F were determined by using circular dichroism and NMR spectroscopy. Antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities were tested for the parent peptides and analogues. All peptides showed moderate antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with agelaia-MPI being the most active. Protonectin and protonectin-F were found to be toxic to cancerous and noncancerous cell lines. Internalization experiments revealed that these peptides accumulate inside both cell types. By contrast, neuroVAL was nontoxic to all tested cells and was able to enter cells without accumulating. In summary, neuroVAL has potential as a nontoxic cell-penetrating peptide, while protonectin-F needs further modification to realize its potential as an antitumor peptide.

Fraternine, a Novel Wasp Peptide, Protects against Motor Impairments in 6-OHDA Model of Parkinsonism.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS). Insect venoms show high molecular variability and selectivity in the CNS of mammals and present potential for the development of new drugs for the treatment of PD. In this study, we isolated and identified a component of the venom of the social wasp Parachartergus fraternus and evaluated its neuroprotective activity in the murine model of PD. For this purpose, the venom was filtered and separated through HPLC; fractions were analyzed through mass spectrometry and the active fraction was identified as a novel peptide, called Fraternine. We performed two behavioral tests to evaluate motor discoordination, as well as an apomorphine-induced rotation test. We also conducted an immunohistochemical assay to assess protection in TH+ neurons in the Substantia Nigra (SN) region. Group treated with 10 µg/animal of Fraternine remained longer in the rotarod compared to the lesioned group. In the apomorphine test, Fraternine decreased the number of rotations between treatments. This dose also inhibited dopaminergic neuronal loss, as indicated by immunohistochemical analysis. This study identified a novel peptide able to prevent the death of dopaminergic neurons of the SN and recover motor deficit in a 6-OHDA-induced murine model of PD.

Síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono e sua relação com o sobrepeso materno e riscos ao neonato / Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and its relationship to maternal overweight and risks to the neonate

Durante a gravidez, a gestante sofre com mudanças fisiológicas e hormonais, podendo alterar seu sono e desenvolver a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS). Objetivou-se com o estudo analisar a relação entre SAOS, sobrepeso materno e riscos ao neonato, com buscas nas fontes de dados PubMed, SciELO (Scientific Eletronic Library Online); Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e Google Acadêmico. Com o estudo, inferiu-se que a SAOS contribui para a mortalidade hospitalar materna, principalmente, por embolia pulmonar e cardiomiopatia. Em gestantes obesas, essa síndrome apresenta aumento na prevalência riscos de pré-eclâmpsia, aborto e natimortalidade. Quando estão associadas SAOS, gestação e obesidade, há maior risco de o neonato nascer por parto cesariano e ser admitido na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Dessa forma, a apneia obstrutiva do sono influencia tanto a vida de gestantes com peso normal quanto com sobrepeso.(AU)

During pregnancy, the pregnant woman undergoes physiological and hormonal changes, which can alter her sleep and develop obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between OSAS, maternal overweight and risks to the neonate, with searches in PubMed, SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) data sources; Lilacs (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences) and Google Scholar. With the study, it was inferred that OSAS contributes to maternal hospital mortality, mainly due to pulmonary embolism and cardiomyopathy. In obese pregnant women, this syndrome presents an increase in the prevalence risks of pre-eclampsia, abortion and stillbirth. When OSAS, gestation and obesity are associated, there is a greater risk of the neonate born for cesarean delivery and being admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Thus, obstructive sleep apnea influences both the life of normal and overweight pregnant women.(AU)

Perfil Epidemiológico de Pacientes Notificados com Hanseníase, em uma Cidade do Norte de Minas no Período de 2009-2013 / Epidemiological Profile of Patients Notified With Leprosy in a City in the North of Minas in the Period of 2009-2013

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes notificados com hanseníase no Município de Montes Claros, no período de 2009-2013, disponibilizados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação-SINAN. Metodologia: Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico observacional retrospectivo, que envolveu uma amostra de 225 casos confirmados de hanseníase. Critério de inclusão correspondeu aos hansenianos diagnosticados, residentes em Montes Claros e notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Resultados: As variáveis do estudo foram divididas em sete categorias de análise: ano; sexo; faixa etária mais acometida; classificação operacional; forma clínica; avaliação do grau de incapacidade física no diagnóstico e esquema terapêutico. Foram realizadas análises descritivas dos dados, em que se verificou os seguintes dados: No período de 2009-2013 foram notificados 225 novos casos de hanseníase, sendo o ano de 2009 o de maior índice de infecção chegando a 73 casos, correspondendo a 32,44% destes, acometendo, principalmente, homens (56%). A faixa etária prevalente foi 20 a 39 anos e 40 a 59 anos. O grau zero de incapacidade foi o mais encontrado (76%). A forma clínica prevalente foi a dimorfa (44,89%), a classe operacional foi a multibacilar (87,11%), com poliquimioterapiamultibacilar (85,78%). Conclusão:Após a análise dos dados estudados chegou-se à conclusão que o número de casos de hanseníase diagnosticados em Montes Claros-MG apresentou uma redução. A forma multibacilar ainda foi a predominante. Embora o número de casos de hanseníase tenha evidenciado uma redução, a doença ainda é preocupante. (AU)

Objective: To describe the epidemiological profile of the patients notified with leprosy in the municipality of Montes Claros, in the period of 2009-2013, available in the SINAN Notification and Injury Information System. Methodology: This was a retrospective observational epidemiological study involving a sample of 225 confirmed cases of leprosy. Inclusion criterion corresponded to the diagnosed hansenians, living in Montes Claros and notified in the Notification of Injury Information System (SINAN). Results: The study variables were divided into seven categories of analysis: year; sex; Age group; Operational classification; Clinical form; Evaluation of the degree of physical incapacity in the diagnosis and therapeutic scheme. Descriptive analysis of the data were carried out, in which the following data were verified: In the 2009-2013 period, 225 new cases of leprosy were reported, 2009 being the one with the highest infection rate, reaching 73 cases corresponding to 32.44% of these; Affecting mainly men (56%). The prevalent age range was 20 to 39 years and 40 to 59 years. The zero degree of disability was mostly found (76%). The prevalent clinical form was dimorphic (44.89%), the operational class was multibacillary (87.11%), with polyquimioterapia multibacilar (85.78%). Conclusion: After analyzing the data, we conclude that the number of leprosy cases diagnosed in Montes Claros-MG reduced. The multibacillary form is still predominant, although the number of cases of reduced leprosy is still worrying.(AU)

Arthropod toxins and their antinociceptive properties: From venoms to painkillers.

The complex process of pain control commonly involves the use of systemic analgesics; however, in many cases, a more potent and effective polypharmacological approach is needed to promote clinically significant improvement. Additionally, considering side effects caused by current painkillers, drug discovery is once more turning to nature as a source of more efficient therapeutic alternatives. In this context, arthropod venoms contain a vast array of bioactive substances that have evolved to selectively bind to specific pharmacological targets involved in the pain signaling pathway, playing an important role as pain activators or modulators, the latter serving as promising analgesic agents. The current review explores how the pain pathway works and surveys neuroactive compounds obtained from arthropods' toxins, which function as pain modulators through their interaction with specific ion channels and membrane receptors, emerging as promising candidates for drug design and development.

Antinociceptive properties of the mastoparan peptide Agelaia-MPI isolated from social wasps.

Analgesic therapy is based on the sequential treatment of pain, in which opioids are drugs of last resource and known to be highly effective, but are also responsible for undesirable side effects, tolerance and addiction. There is a need for new drugs with alternative targets in order to minimize side effects and improve treatment efficacy. Mastoparans are an abundant class of peptides in wasp venom and have shown great potential as new drugs, as well as being excellent tools for the study of G-protein-coupled receptors. The objective of this study was to investigate the antinociceptive activity of the mastoparan Agelaia-MP I and the mechanisms involved. Agelaia-MP I (MW 1565 Da) showed dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in mice submitted to i.c.v. injection in two different models. The highest dose produced a maximum effect for up to 4 h, and nociception remained low three days after injection. Further experiments showed that Agelaia-MPI induced partial and reversible blockade of the amplitude of action potential, probably interacting with voltage-gated sodium channels. These results revealed the significant potential impact of compounds isolated from wasp venom on the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, the antinociceptive effect described here is a novel activity for mastoparans.

Quantitative analysis of mebendazole polymorphs in pharmaceutical raw materials using near-infrared spectroscopy.

This work evaluates the feasibility of using NIR spectroscopy for quantification of three polymorphs of mebendazole (MBZ) in pharmaceutical raw materials. Thirty ternary mixtures of polymorphic forms of MBZ were prepared, varying the content of forms A and C from 0 to 100% (w/w), and for form B from 0 to 30% (w/w). Reflectance NIR spectra were used to develop partial least square (PLS) regression models using all spectral variables and the variables with significant regression coefficients selected by the Jack-Knife algorithm (PLS/JK). MBZ polymorphs were quantified with RMSEP values of 2.37% w/w, 1.23% w/w and 1.48% w/w for polymorphs A, B and C, respectively. This is an easy, fast and feasible method for monitoring the quality of raw pharmaceutical materials of MBZ according to polymorph purity.

Pharmacological Alternatives for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Wasp and Bee Venoms and Their Components as New Neuroactive Tools.

Neurodegenerative diseases are relentlessly progressive, severely impacting affected patients, families and society as a whole. Increased life expectancy has made these diseases more common worldwide. Unfortunately, available drugs have insufficient therapeutic effects on many subtypes of these intractable diseases, and adverse effects hamper continued treatment. Wasp and bee venoms and their components are potential means of managing or reducing these effects and provide new alternatives for the control of neurodegenerative diseases. These venoms and their components are well-known and irrefutable sources of neuroprotectors or neuromodulators. In this respect, the present study reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms of action and future prospects regarding the use of new drugs derived from wasp and bee venom in the treatment of major neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Epilepsy, Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Neuroactive compounds obtained from arthropod venoms as new therapeutic platforms for the treatment of neurological disorders.

The impact of neurological disorders in society is growing with alarming estimations for an incidence increase in the next decades. These disorders are generally chronic and can affect individuals early during productive life, imposing real limitations on the performance of their social roles. Patients can have their independence, autonomy, freedom, self-image, and self-confidence affected. In spite of their availability, drugs for the treatment of these disorders are commonly associated with side effects, which can vary in frequency and severity. Currently, no effective cure is known. Nowadays, the biopharmaceutical research community widely recognizes arthropod venoms as a rich source of bioactive compounds, providing a plethora of possibilities for the discovery of new neuroactive compounds, opening up novel and attractive opportunities in this field. Several identified molecules with a neuropharmacological profile can act in the central nervous system on different neuronal targets, rendering them useful tools for the study of neurological disorders. In this context, this review aims to describe the current main compounds extracted from arthropod venoms for the treatment of five major existing neurological disorders: stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and pathological anxiety.

First report of the characterization of the pathophysiological mechanisms caused by the freshwater catfish Pimelodus maculatus (order: Siluriformes).

Injuries caused by aquatic animals in Brazil in most cases are provoked by marine and freshwater catfish. Pimelodus maculatus is a freshwater catfish very common in Brazilian basins that causes frequent accidents mainly amongst fishermen, and whose venom characteristics and pathological mechanisms of the venom are poorly known. In the present study for the first time, we have characterized the main pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the clinical manifestation (pain, local inflammation and edema) of the envenomations caused by P. maculatus crude venom. It was estimated that the crude venom of one P. maculatus stinger contains approximately 100 µg of protein, likely the quantity involved in the envenomation. P. maculatus crude venom induced marked nociceptive and edematogenic effects and caused vascular permeability alterations at doses from 30 to 100 µg/animal. Additionally, P. maculatus crude venom caused a decrease in the contraction force in in situ frog heart, did not cause hemorrhage or alterations in clotting times (prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time), but induced significant changes in the levels of CK and its isoenzyme CK-MB in mice. In the present work, we present a correlation between the effects obtained experimentally and the main symptoms observed in the human accidents provoked by P. maculatus.

Neuroactive compounds obtained from arthropod venoms as new therapeutic platforms for the treatment of neurological disorders

The impact of neurological disorders in society is growing with alarming estimations for an incidence increase in the next decades. These disorders are generally chronic and can affect individuals early during productive life, imposing real limitations on the performance of their social roles. Patients can have their independence, autonomy, freedom, self-image, and self-confidence affected. In spite of their availability, drugs for the treatment of these disorders are commonly associated with side effects, which can vary in frequency and severity. Currently, no effective cure is known. Nowadays, the biopharmaceutical research community widely recognizes arthropod venoms as a rich source of bioactive compounds, providing a plethora of possibilities for the discovery of new neuroactive compounds, opening up novel and attractive opportunities in this field. Several identified molecules with a neuropharmacological profile can act in the central nervous system on different neuronal targets, rendering them useful tools for the study of neurological disorders. In this context, this review aims to describe the current main compounds extracted from arthropod venoms for the treatment of five major existing neurological disorders: stroke, Alzheimers disease, epilepsy, Parkinsons disease, and pathological anxiety.

Neuroactive compounds obtained from arthropod venoms as new therapeutic platforms for the treatment of neurological disorders

The impact of neurological disorders in society is growing with alarming estimations for an incidence increase in the next decades. These disorders are generally chronic and can affect individuals early during productive life, imposing real limitations on the performance of their social roles. Patients can have their independence, autonomy, freedom, self-image, and self-confidence affected. In spite of their availability, drugs for the treatment of these disorders are commonly associated with side effects, which can vary in frequency and severity. Currently, no effective cure is known. Nowadays, the biopharmaceutical research community widely recognizes arthropod venoms as a rich source of bioactive compounds, providing a plethora of possibilities for the discovery of new neuroactive compounds, opening up novel and attractive opportunities in this field. Several identified molecules with a neuropharmacological profile can act in the central nervous system on different neuronal targets, rendering them useful tools for the study of neurological disorders. In this context, this review aims to describe the current main compounds extracted from arthropod venoms for the treatment of five major existing neurological disorders: stroke, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and pathological anxiety.(AU)

Venomic and pharmacological activity of Acanthoscurria paulensis (Theraphosidae) spider venom.

In the present study we conducted proteomic and pharmacological characterizations of the venom extracted from the Brazilian tarantula Acanthoscurria paulensis, and evaluated the cardiotoxicity of its two main fractions. The molecular masses of the venom components were identified by mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) after chromatographic separation (HPLC). The lethal dose (LD(50)) was determined in mice. Nociceptive behavior was evaluated by intradermal injection in mice and the edematogenic activity by the rat hind-paw assay. Cardiotoxic activity was evaluated on in situ frog heart and on isolated frog ventricle strip. From 60 chromatographic fractions, 97 distinct components were identified, with molecular masses between 601.4 and 21,932.3 Da. A trimodal molecular mass distribution was observed: 30% of the components within 500-1999 Da, 38% within 3500-5999 Da and 21% within 6500-7999 Da. The LD(50) in mice was 25.4 ± 2.4 µg/g and the effects observed were hypoactivity, anuria, constipation, dyspnea and prostration until death, which occurred at higher doses. Despite presenting a dose-dependent edematogenic activity in the rat hind-paw assay, the venom had no nociceptive activity in mice. Additionally, the venom induced a rapid blockage of electrical activity and subsequent diastolic arrest on in situ frog heart preparation, which was inhibited by pretreatment with atropine. In the electrically driven frog ventricle strip, the whole venom and its low molecular mass fraction, but not the proteic one, induced a negative inotropic effect that was also inhibited by atropine. These results suggest that despite low toxicity, A. paulensis venom can induce severe physiological disturbances in mice.

[Occupational accident with sharp edge material among workers of an operating center]. / Acidente ocupacional por material perfurocortante entre profissionais de saúde de um centro cirúrgico.

Occupational accidents involving piercing-cutting material are a concern for institutions and health workers due to the high frequency of invasive procedures and the dynamics involved in their practice. The objective of the present study was to identify the incidence of accidents, devices involved, contributing factors and post-accident behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 127 healthcare workers from the operating center. Of the total number of accidents reported, 23.6% (30/127) involved piercing-cutting materials, including needles (73.3%), scalpels (6.7%) and electrocautery (6.7%). The factors contributing to the accident were: lack of attention (36.7%), poor working conditions (20.0%), neglect (13.3%), rushing (10%) and accident/chance (6.7%). Only 15.4% of the accidents were recorded. Underreporting was due to: irrelevance of the accident, unaware of the protocol of routine, negligence and work overload. Results show the importance of implementing strategies for adopting/reviewing post-accident protocols aiming at reducing accidents and their underreporting.

Acidente ocupacional por material perfurocortante entre profissionais de saúde de um Centro Cirúrgico / Accidente laboral por exposición a material corto-punzante entre los profesionales de un centro quirúrgico / Occupational accident with sharpe edge material among workers of an operating center

O acidente ocupacional por material perfurocortante constitui uma preocupação para instituições e trabalhadores de saúde, devido à elevada frequência de procedimentos invasivos, e a dinâmica do trabalho. Objetivou-se identificar a incidência dos acidentes, dos materiais envolvidos, dos fatores contribuintes e das condutas tomadas pós-acidente. Participaram de um estudo transversal 127 funcionários do centro cirúrgico. Registraram-se 23,6 por cento (30/127) acidentes com envolvimento de agulha (73,3 por cento), lâmina de bisturi (6,7 por cento) e eletrocautério (6,7 por cento). Os fatores contribuintes para o acidente foram: falta de atenção (36,7 por cento), más condições de trabalho (20,0 por cento), descuido (13,3 por cento), pressa (10 por cento) e acaso/azar (6,7 por cento). Somente 15,4 por cento dos acidentes foram registrados. A subnotificação deveu-se à irrelevância do acidente, desconhecimento do protocolo de rotina, displicência e sobrecarga de trabalho. Os resultados alertam para a importância de se implementar estratégias para adoção/revisão de protocolos pós-acidentes, visando a redução dos acidentes e de sua subnotificação.

Occupational accidents involving piercing-cutting material are a concern for institutions and health workers due to the high frequency of invasive procedures and the dynamics involved in their practice. The objective of the present study was to identify the incidence of accidents, devices involved, contributing factors and post-accident behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 127 healthcare workers from the operating center. Of the total number of accidents reported, 23.6 percent (30/127) involved piercing-cutting materials, including needles (73.3 percent), scalpels (6.7 percent) and electrocautery (6.7 percent). The factors contributing to the accident were: lack of attention (36.7 percent), poor working conditions (20.0 percent), neglect (13.3 percent), rushing (10 percent) and accident/chance (6.7 percent). Only 15.4 percent of the accidents were recorded. Underreporting was due to: irrelevance of the accident, unaware of the protocol of routine, negligence and work overload. Results show the importance of implementing strategies for adopting/reviewing post-accident protocols aiming at reducing accidents and their underreporting.

El accidente laboral por elementos corto-punzantes constituye una preocupación para instituciones y trabajadores de la salud, debido a la elevada frecuencia con la que se realizan procedimientos invasivos y por la dinámica del trabajo. Se objetivó identificar la incidencia de los accidentes, los materiales involucrados, los factores contribuyentes y las conductas tomadas con posterioridad al accidente. Participaron de un estudio transversal 127 trabajadores de un centro quirúrgico. Sobre un porcentaje de accidentados del 23,6 por ciento (30/127), el 73,3 por ciento sufrió accidentes involucrando agujas, 6,7 por ciento se accidentó con hojas de bisturí y 6,7 por ciento se accidentó con electrocauterizador. Los factores que contribuyeron a los accidentes fueron: falta de atención (36,7 por ciento), malas condiciones de trabajo (20,0 por ciento), descuido (13,3 por ciento), prisa (10,0 por ciento) y casualidad / azar (6,7 por ciento). Sólo el 15,4 por ciento de los accidentes fueron registrados. La falta de notificación se debió a la irrelevancia del accidente, desconocimiento del protocolo de rutina, displicencia y sobrecarga de trabajo. Los resultados alertan sobre la importancia de implementar estrategias para adopción / revisión de protocolos post accidentes, apuntando a la reducción de la cantidad de accidentes y a evitar la ausencia de registro de los mismos.

Incidência de acidentes com material perfurocortante entre alunos de graduação em Ciências da Saúde / Incidences of exposure to sharp-edged material among undergraduate Health Sciences students / Incidencia de accidentes con material punzante o cortante entre los alumnos de graduación en Ciencias de la Salud

A partir de sua inserção em campos do estágio o aluno da graduação é frequentemente exposto aos mesmos riscos que a equipe assistencial. Realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva e de abordagem quantitativa entre alunos de graduação dos cursos de medicina e enfermagem de uma universidade privada, objetivando-se determinar a incidência de acidentes com material perfurocortante, a taxa de seguimento e os conhecimentos em relação às práticas seguras. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário semiestruturado (aspectos demográficos, conhecimento e atitude dos alunos para a adoção de medidas de biossegurança, acidentes envolvendo materiais perfurocortantes, esquema de vacinação e condutas tomadas após a ocorrência do acidente). A incidência dos acidentes entre alunos de enfermagem foi de 3,4% e entre os de medicina, 23,8%. O reencape de agulhas foi citado como possível de ocorrer sempre, e, às vezes, para 63,8% dos alunos de medicina e 32,5% dos de enfermagem. O nível de conhecimento das medidas de biossegurança mostrou-se pouco satisfatório. Sugere-se a abordagem desse conteúdo com vista a aprimorar condutas e crenças, vislumbrando-se, para o futuro, profissionais conscientes, reflexivos e seguros de sua prática, de modo a garantir a ênfase na redução de riscos para o profissional e para o paciente.

The undergraduate student is frequently exposed to the same risks of the assistant team, since their insertion in apprenticeship programs. It was a descriptive study with quantitative approach considering medicine and nursing undergraduate students, in two private universities. The objectives were to identify the incidence of accidents with sharp-edged material, the follow-up rate and the knowledge related to safe practices. Data were collected by semi-structured questionnaire (demographic aspects, students’ knowledge and attitude for the adoption of biosafety measures, accidents with sharp-edged material, vaccination status and conducts adopted as a result of an accident). The incidence of the accidents was 3.4% among nursing students and 23.8% amid medicine. The recapping of the needles was mentioned to happen always and sometimes by 63.8% of medicine students and 32.5% by nursing. The knowledge on biosafety measures seemed unsatisfactory. It is suggested a better approach of this topic to have ideal conducts and believes, looking for future professionals being conscious and reflexive, confident on their practices, and assuring an emphasis on risk reduction for them and their patients.

El estudiante de graduación es a menudo expuesto a los mismos riesgos que el equipo asistencial, a partir de su inserción en programas de prácticas pre-profesionales. Se trató de una investigación descriptiva, con abordaje cuantitativo, entre alumnos de graduación de los cursos de medicina y enfermería en una universidad privada. El objetivo fue: determinar la incidencia de accidentes con material punzante o cortante, la tasa de seguimiento y los conocimientos sobre prácticas seguras. Para la recogida de los datos se utilizó un cuestionario semiestructurado (aspectos demográficos, conocimiento y actitud de los alumnos sobre adopción de medidas de bioseguridad, accidentes con material punzante o cortante, esquema de vacunación y conductas tomadas después del accidente). La incidencia de los accidentes entre los alumnos de enfermería fue un 3,4% y 23,8% para medicina. El re-encape de agujas fue mencionado como posible de ocurrir siempre y, a veces, por 63,8% de los alumnos de medicina y 32,5% de los de enfermería. El nivel de conocimiento sobre medidas de bioseguridad fue poco satisfactorio. Se sugiere enfatizar este contenido buscando mejorar conductas y creencias, vislumbrando futuros profesionales, conscientes, reflexivos y seguros de su práctica, y garantizar el énfasis en reducción de riesgos para sí y para el paciente.

Subnotificação dos acidentes de trabalho envolvendo material pérfurocortante em um centro cirúrgico / Sub-notification of work accidents involving sharp-edged material in the surgical center unit

Objetivou-se identificar a incidência e os fatores relacionados aos acidentes com material pérfuro-cortante, avaliar anotificação dos acidentes de trabalho e determinar a situação vacinal para Hepatite B entre profissionais de um CentroCirúrgico. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa epidemiológica com delineamento transversal realizada com 127 participantescategorizados em médicos 23,8%, residentes de medicina 30,1%, enfermeiros 1,6%, técnicos de enfermagem 20,9%,auxiliares de enfermagem 16,5% e serviços gerais 7,1%. O acidente de trabalho entre os profissionais entrevistados foiconstatado em 73,3% da equipe médica, 13,4% da equipe de enfermagem e 3,3% da categoria de serviços gerais. O registrodo acidente de forma oficial se deu em apenas 15,4% das ocorrências, sendo subnotificado pela equipe médica em 76,9% epela equipe de enfermagem em 7,7%. O esquema de vacinação para Hepatite B foi verificado em 75,6%. A categoria quemais se acidentou foi a médica 46,6% e a notificação do acidente de trabalho ocorreu em 15,4% dos entrevistados. Acategoria médica apresentou 6,3 (2,2-17,8) vezes mais chance de se acidentar e para descarte inadequado de materialpérfuro-cortante a chance de acidentar foi de 3,4 (1,2-9,3) vezes. Diante desses resultados, sugere-se a implementaçãode programa efetivos de prevenção e controle dos acidentes envolvendo materiais pérfuro-cortantes, fluxo da notificaçãoe amparo legal do trabalhador acidentado.

Acidentes com material biológico entre os profissionais de saúde: uma análise da cobertura vacinal para hepatite b no cenário brasileiro / Accidents with biological material among the professionals of health: na analysis of the vaccine’s covering for hepatitis b in the brazilian scenery

A Hepatite B é uma doença ocupacional que possui forma de prevenção acessível, gratuita eobrigatória a todos os profissionais da área de saúde por meio da vacinação. E, durante a assistênciaao paciente, estes profissionais necessitam da efetiva proteção com o esquema de vacinaçãocompleto. Devido ao risco da transmissão de doenças durante a ocorrência do acidente de trabalhoenvolvendo material biológico e a necessidade de se conhecer a cobertura vacinal dos profissionaisda área de saúde acidentados por material biológico, este estudo se propôs por meio de uma revisãode literatura identificar o esquema de vacinação para Hepatite B dos profissionais de saúde. Tratousede uma pesquisa por meio de revisão bibliográfica referente aos últimos sete anos (1999-2006),nas seguintes bases de dados LILACS (Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências daSaúde), Medline (National Library of Medicine) e SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online),através dos seguintes descritores em português: acidente de trabalho, acidente, biológico,biossegurança, Hepatite, prevenção, vacina e profissionais de saúde. Os estudos analisadosabordaram em sua maioria (71%) a equipe multiprofissional. Os dados sobre acidentes de trabalhocom material biológico mostraram que a categoria profissional mais acometida foi a enfermagem,principalmente entre os auxiliares. A porcentagem do esquema vacinal completo entre osprofissionais para Hepatite B variou entre 35,4 e 90% e, em apenas 57% dos estudos registrou-seesquema vacinal completo acima de 70%. Deste modo, os dados evidenciam que os trabalhadoresapresentam risco elevado de contaminação por Hepatite B, necessitando de uma intervenção maiseficaz para sua prevenção...