Unraveling the impact of climatic warming and wetting on eukaryotic microbial diversity and assembly mechanisms: A 10-year case study in Lake Bosten, NW China.

Over the last six decades, northwest China has undergone a significant climatic shift from "warm-dry" to "warm-wet", profoundly impacting the structures and functions of lake ecosystem across the region. However, the influences of this climatic transition on the diversity patterns, co-occurrence network, and assembly processes of eukaryotic microbial communities in lake ecosystem, along with the underlying mechanisms, remain largely unexplored. To bridge this knowledge gap, our study focused on Lake Bosten, the largest inland freshwater body in China, conducting a comprehensive analysis. Firstly, we examined the dynamics of key water quality parameters in the lake based on long-term monitoring data (1992-2022). Subsequently, we collected 93 water samples spanning two distinctive periods: low water level (WL) and high total dissolved solids (TDS) (PerWLTDS; 2010-2011; attributed to "warm-dry" climate), and high WL and low TDS (PerTDSWL; 2021-2022; associated with "warm-wet" climate). Eukaryotic microorganisms were further investigated using 18S rRNA gene sequencing and various statistical methods. Our findings revealed that climatic warming and wetting significantly increased eukaryotic microbial α-diversity (all Wilcox. test: P<0.05), while simultaneously reducing ß-diversity (all Wilcox. test: P<0.001) and network complexity. Through the two sampling periods, assembly mechanisms of eukaryotic microorganisms were predominantly influenced by dispersal limitation (DL) and drift (DR) within stochastic processes, alongside homogeneous selection (HoS) within deterministic processes. WL played a mediating role in eukaryotic microbial DL and HoS processes in the PerTDSWL, whereas water quality and α-diversity influenced the DL process in the PerWLTDS. Collectively, these results underscore the direct and indirect impacts of "warm-wet" conditions on the eukaryotic microorganisms within Lake Bosten. This study provides valuable insights into the evolutionary dynamics of lake ecosystems under such climatic conditions and aids in predicting the ecological ramifications of global climatic changes.

Neuroprotective potential of sevoflurane against isoflurane induced cognitive dysfunction in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect.

PURPOSE: Intravenous anesthetics have excellent analgesic activity without inducing the side effect in the respiratory system. The aim and objective of the current experimental study was to access the neuroprotective effect of sevoflurane against isoflurane induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. METHODS: Isoflurane was used for induction the neurodysfunction in the rats, and rats received the oral administration of sevoflurane (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg). Morris water test was carried out for the estimation of cognitive function. Neurochemical parameters, antioxidant parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also estimated. RESULTS: Sevoflurane significantly (P < 0.001) altered the neurochemical parameters such as anti-choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine esterase, acetylcholine, protein carbonyl, choline brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and amyloid ß; antioxidant parameters such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde; pro-inflammatory cytokines include interleukin (IL-2, IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor-α. Sevoflurane significantly reduced the activity of caspase-3. CONCLUSIONS: Sevoflurane exhibited the neuroprotection against the cognitive dysfunction in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism.

Neuroprotective potential of sevoflurane against isoflurane induced cognitive dysfunction in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect

Purpose: Intravenous anesthetics have excellent analgesic activity without inducing the side effect in the respiratory system. The aim and objective of the current experimental study was to access the neuroprotective effect of sevoflurane against isoflurane induced cognitive dysfunction in rats. Methods: Isoflurane was used for induction the neurodysfunction in the rats, and rats received the oral administration of sevoflurane (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg). Morris water test was carried out for the estimation of cognitive function. Neurochemical parameters, antioxidant parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also estimated. Results: Sevoflurane significantly (P < 0.001) altered the neurochemical parameters such as anti-choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine esterase, acetylcholine, protein carbonyl, choline brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and amyloid ß; antioxidant parameters such as glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde; pro-inflammatory cytokines include interleukin (IL-2, IL-10, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ß), and tumor necrosis factor-α. Sevoflurane significantly reduced the activity of caspase-3. Conclusions: Sevoflurane exhibited the neuroprotection against the cognitive dysfunction in rats via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanism.

[Microplastics in the stomach and intestine of pelagic squid: A case study of Dosidicus gigas in open sea of Peru]. / å¤§æ´‹æ€§å¤´è¶³ç±»èƒƒå’Œè‚ é“ä¸­çš„å¾®å¡‘æ–™­­ä»¥ç§˜é²å¤–海茎柔鱼为例.

Microplastic (MP) ingestion by marine animals has been well documented, but less being known about pelagic squid. Jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas supports the world's largest cephalopod fishery and plays an important ecological role in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. In this study, D. gigas taken from the open sea of the Peruvian Exclusive Economic Zone were selected as research objects. We estimated the abundance and characteristics of MPs in the stomach and intestine of D. gigas and investigated the differences between tissues and sexes. Similar abundance and characteristics of MPs were observed in the same tissue of females and males. However, the stomach had a higher abundance of MPs with larger size than the intestine, while the MP abundance by stomach wet weight was lower than that of the intestine. The MPs were predominantly fiber-shaped, with blue or black color. The most frequent polymers were high-density cellophane and polyacrylic acid. These polymers could sink into deeper sea layers and were available for D. gigas living there during the daytime. Our findings revealed the distribution pattern of MPs in the waters of the Peruvian fishing ground. This study could improve our understanding of the MP contamination level in pelagic squid, and have implications for evaluating the ecological effects of MP on cephalopods.

[A study on feeding ecology and migration patterns of Dosidicus gigas off Peru using stable isotope analysis].

As a pelagic cephalopod and one of the main target species of Chinese distant water fishery, jumbo squids (Dosidicus gigas) play a major role in the marine ecosystems of the eastern Pacific. Understanding the feeding ecology and migration patterns of jumbo squids is of importance for better utilizing the resources. The isotopic signatures of gladius, have been proved to be a powerful tool to reveal high resolution and ontogenic variations in individual foraging strategies of squids; which is an archival tissue with no elemental turnover after formation. In this study, the growth equation of gladius proostracum was established based on the age information determined by statolith. Gladius was cut successionally by the growth curve of gladius proostracum, the stable isotopic values of the gladius profiles were determined, and the feeding ecology and migration patterns of jumbo squids during its growth process were investigated. Results showed that the jumbo squids began to migrate after 180 days of postnatal, and their trophic levels tended to decrease throughout the life span. These results demonstrated the feasibility of using continuous sampling hard tissue to study the feeding ecology and habitat transfer of jumbo squids.