Stability studies of ß-Amino- and ß-Hydroxy difluoromethyl ketones in rat serum and rat liver microsomes.

Although difluoromethyl ketones are used as tools in chemical biology and leads in drug discovery, the metabolic stability of these compounds is generally uncharacterized and must be inferred from in vivo pharmacological assays. In order to address this gap which impedes their wider use, we have synthesized and performed metabolic stability studies for thirty-nine ß-amino and ß-hydroxy difluoromethyl ketones. These investigations provide structure-stability relationships of the difluoromethyl ketones following incubation with rodent serum and liver microsomes.

Toxicity of cockroach gel baits to the oothecal parasitoid Aprostocetus hagenowii (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and implications for cockroach integrated pest management.

Aprostocetus hagenowii (Ratzeburg) is a parasitoid wasp that parasitizes the oothecae of peridomestic pest cockroaches. A. hagenowii has been used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs for cockroach control but little is known about how this parasitoid responds to the insecticides commonly used for cockroach management. Five insecticidal gel bait products containing indoxacarb, clothianidin, fipronil, dinotefuran, or abamectin B1 were tested for their toxicity towards A. hagenowii and the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.; Blattodea: Blattidae), a host of A. hagenowii and a common pest. All baits were tested as fresh and 1-d aged deposits. Indoxacarb was the only active ingredient that did not cause significant (P < 0.05) A. hagenowii mortality compared to the control in both the fresh and aged gel experiments (Median survival time [MST]s: 168 h fresh, 72 h aged). Clothianidin caused the lowest A. hagenowii MSTs across experiments (24 h, fresh and aged). All baits caused significant P. americana mortality as fresh and 1-d aged deposits (P < 0.05). Indoxacarb appears most compatible with A. hagenowii in cockroach IPM.