Auditory and speech outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients with Waardenburg syndrome: a meta-analysis.

Objective: This study aims to assess the potential efficacy of cochlear implantation as a treatment for patients with Waardenburg syndrome (WS) and to guide clinical work by comparing the effect of auditory and speech recovery after cochlear implantation in patients with WS and non-WS. Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang Data were sources for retrieving literature on cochlear implantation in WS, and clinical data meeting the inclusion criteria were meta-analyzed using RevMan5.41. Results: A total of nine articles were included in this study, including 132 patients with WS and 815 patients in the control group. Meta-analysis showed that there are no significant differences in the scores for categories of audit performance (CAP), speech intelligibility rating (SIR), and parents' evaluation of aural/oral performance of children (PEACH) between the WS group and the control group. Conclusion: Cochlear implantation demonstrates comparable auditory and speech recovery outcomes for WS patients and non-WS patients.

Correlation of serum IL-2 and IFN-γ levels with clinical prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and analysis of risk factors.

Background: This study aims to investigate the correlation between serum levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferong (IFN-g) and the clinical prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Additionally, the study aims to analyse the risk factors associated with this correlation. Methods: The clinical data of 195 NPC patients admitted to our hospital from October 2020 to October 2022 were selected for a retrospective study. Based on the Glasgow score, patients were divided into two groups: the good prognosis group (group g), consisting of patients who scored 0 points, and the poor prognosis group (group p), consisting of patients who scored 1-2 points. The levels of serum IL-2 and IFN-g were compared between the two groups, and the clinical values of serum IL-2 and IFN-g in the prognosis of patients were analysed. The clinical parameters of the patients were collected, and the risk factors affecting the prognosis of NPC were analysed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Association between peripheral eosinophilia, JESREC score, and olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective: The purpose was to evaluate the relationship between peripheral eosinophilia, Japan Epidemiological Survey of Refractory Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis (JESREC) score, and olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and to explore the accuracy and specific cut points of the JESREC score in predicting olfactory dysfunction. Methods: In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, olfactory function was assessed by the Sniffin' Sticks 12-item test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to derive accuracy and cutoff values for the JESREC scores of the olfactory dysfunction criterion. Results: A total of 354 patients [mean (SD) age, 50.0 (14.9) years; 41.8% women] were included in the final analysis. The prevalence of olfactory dysfunction was 46.3%. Individuals who had olfactory dysfunction were more likely to be male (64.6% vs. 52.6%), have eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) (39.0% vs. 7.9%), have a longer course of CRS (2.3 years vs. 1.5 years), have higher JESREC scores (8.5 vs. 4.5), and have higher proportions of nasal polyps (78.7% vs. 18.9%) and peripheral eosinophilia (3.3% vs. 1.4%). In logistic analysis, the percentage of eosinophils (1.25, 1.13-1.37), JESREC score (1.31, 1.22-1.40), bilateral lesion (2.06, 1.25-3.41), nasal polyps (15.83, 9.23-27.16), CT shadow (2.73, 1.69-4.43), and ECRS (6.86, 3.68-12.80) were associated with olfactory dysfunction in CRS patients after controlling for covariates, while peripheral neutrophils were not significant. In addition, the area under the curve was 0.778 and the cutoff value for JESREC score for olfactory dysfunction was defined as 5.5. Conclusions: Peripheral eosinophilia and high JESREC scores were significantly associated with the risk of olfactory dysfunction in CRS patients, and special attention should be paid to patients with a JESREC score ≥6.

Ectopic thyroid carcinoma in the nasal septum: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Ectopic thyroid carcinoma often occurs in the neck, and metastatic carcinoma of the nasal cavity and sinuses is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-year-old female was admitted to the hospital for one week due to nasal pain without an obvious cause and blood in the nose. A pale red mass with a peduncle at the back end of the right nasal septum was seen during the operation. Immunohistochemistry showed low-grade papillary thyroid carcinoma. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Surgeons should be alert to the possibility of ectopic thyroid tissue and related diseases, Patients with suspected malignant lesions should undergo routine pathological examination, and even a normal thyroid should be checked for malignant changes to avoid negative outcomes. CONCLUSION: Although nasal endoscopic surgery is mature, for tumors with unclear properties, it is still necessary to undergo routine pathological examination to avoid habitual errors.

Circ_KATNAL1 promotes the inflammation and apoptosis in human middle ear epithelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide by regulating the miR-153-3p / TLR4 axis.

The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects and mechanism of circ_KATNAL1 on inflammatory injury and apoptosis of human middle ear epithelial cells (HMEECs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). For this aim, the cell inflammatory injury model was established by HMEECs cells induced by LPS. It was divided into a blank control, model, circ_KATNAL1 and circ_KATNAL1 + LPS groups. The cell viability was detected by the MTT method. The apoptosis rate of each group was detected by flow cytometry. The cell migration ability of each group was detected by cell scratch assay. The mRNA expression levels of miR-153-3p and TLR4 in the cells of each group were detected by RT -PCR method. The protein expressions of BCL-2 and TLR4 in the cells of each group were detected by WB method. The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by ELISA method. Results showed that compared with the control group, the cell viability in the model group was decreased, the cell apoptosis rate was increased, the cell migration ability was weakened, the mRNA expression level of miR-153-3p and protein expression level of BCL-2 in the cells were decreased, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 were increased and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant were increased. Compared with the model group, the cell viability in the circ_KATNAL1 group was increased, the cell apoptosis rate was decreased, and the cell migration ability was increased, the mRNA expression level of miR-153-3p and BCL-2 protein expression level in the cells were increased, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 were decreased, and the contents of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant were decreased. Compared with the model group, the cell viability in the circ_KATNAL1 + LPS group was decreased, cell apoptosis rate was increased, cell migration ability was weakened, the mRNA expression level of miR-153-3p and protein expression level of BCL-2 in cells were decreased, mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 were increased, and the content of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cell supernatant were increased. The differences were all statistically significant (P ﹤0.05). It showed that LPS could promote cell injury by increasing inflammatory cell pyroptosis, and the abnormal expression of circ_KATNAL1 played an important role in cell inflammation induced by LPS. Up-regulation of circ_KATNAL1 could promote inflammatory pyroptosis in HMEECs induced by LPS. miR-153-5p and TLR4 were downstream targets of circ_KATNAL1. The inhibition of miR- 153-5p or up-regulation of TLR4 could reverse the protective effects of silencing circ_KATNAL1. In conclusion, circ_KATNAL1 can promote an inflammatory role in human middle ear epithelial cells through the miR- 31-5p / TLR4 axis, which may become an important target for the diagnosis and treatment of otitis media.

Analysis of risk factors affecting olfactory dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: Highlighting the role of metabolic syndrome.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between chronic sinusitis (CRS) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in a Chinese population and to explore the risk factors for olfactory dysfunction in patients with CRS. Methods: A total of 387 CRS patients were enrolled. Olfactory function was assessed by the Sniffin' Sticks 12-item test and MS was diagnosed according to the guidelines. Logistic regression analysis was performed on CRS patients to screen independent risk factors of olfactory dysfunction, adjusted for confounding factors. Results: Among 387 patients, average age of visit and duration of onset were 48.7 years and 1.8 years, respectively. The prevalence of MS was 15.0%. CRS patients with MS were more likely to be older (51.2 vs. 46.8, p = .004), predominantly male (p < .001) and have a higher proportion of olfactory dysfunction (62.1% vs. 44.1%, p = .018) than those without MS. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, MS was associated with olfactory dysfunction in CRS patients (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.14-3.72, p = .016). This association remained significant after controlling for confounding factors. In addition, nasal polyps (OR: 13.41, 95% CI: 8.11-22.17, p < .001) and allergic rhinitis (OR: 3.16, 95% CI: 1.67-5.99, p < .001) were also risk factors for olfactory dysfunction after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions: MS is associated with olfactory dysfunction in patients with CRS. MS, nasal polyps, and allergic rhinitis are risk factors for olfactory dysfunction in CRS patients. Level of evidence: IV.

[Study of categories of auditory performance and speech intelligibility rating of post-lingual cochlear implantes].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the verbal communication skills of post-lingual cochlear implantees with categories of auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating(SIR), and to explore their relationships with the duration of hearing loss, the postoperative time and preoperative hearing aid usage. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 23 cases of post-lingual patients with cochlear implantation. CAP and SIR were applied in the evaluation of verbal communication skills. IBM SPSS Statistics 19 was used in statistical analysis. RESULT: The average score of CAP was 6.13, and statistical analysis showed CAP score was not significantly correlated with the duration of hearing loss, the postoperative time or the time of wearing a hearing aid preoperatively. The average SIR score of all these post-lingual patients was 4.91. CONCLUSION: It showed that CAP score was not significantly correlated with these three factors. This may due to the low accuracy of CAP or the small sample size in the present study. SIR was not suitable for the evaluation of post-lingual cochlear implantees.