ABSTRACT
Bromodomain-containing proteins frequently reside in multisubunit chromatin complexes with tissue or cell state-specific compositions. Recent studies have revealed tumor-specific dependencies on the BAF complex bromodomain subunit BRD9 that are a result of recurrent mutations afflicting the structure and composition of associated complex members. To enable the study of ligand engaged complex assemblies, we established a chemoproteomics approach using a functionalized derivative of the BRD9 ligand BI-9564 as an affinity matrix. Unexpectedly, in addition to known interactions with BRD9 and associated BAF complex proteins, we identify a previously unreported interaction with members of the NuA4 complex through the bromodomain-containing subunit BRD8. We apply this finding, alongside a homology-model-guided design, to develop chemical biology approaches for the study of BRD8 inhibition and to arrive at first-in-class selective and cellularly active probes for BRD8. These tools will empower further pharmacological studies of BRD9 and BRD8 within respective BAF and NuA4 complexes.
Subject(s)
Benzylamines/pharmacology , Naphthyridines/pharmacology , Proteomics/methods , Transcription Factors/metabolism , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Lineage , DNA Repair , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/physiology , Humans , Ligands , Models, Molecular , Protein Binding , Protein Conformation , Protein Domains , Protein Subunits , Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors , Transcription Factors/genetics , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
While several therapeutic options exist, the need for more effective, safe, and convenient treatment for a variety of autoimmune diseases persists. Targeting the Janus tyrosine kinases (JAKs), which play essential roles in cell signaling responses and can contribute to aberrant immune function associated with disease, has emerged as a novel and attractive approach for the development of new autoimmune disease therapies. We screened our compound library against JAK3, a key signaling kinase in immune cells, and identified multiple scaffolds showing good inhibitory activity for this kinase. A particular scaffold of interest, the 1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine series (7-azaindoles), was selected for further optimization in part on the basis of binding affinity (Ki) as well as on the basis of cellular potency. Optimization of this chemical series led to the identification of VX-509 (decernotinib), a novel, potent, and selective JAK3 inhibitor, which demonstrates good efficacy in vivo in the rat host versus graft model (HvG). On the basis of these findings, it appears that VX-509 offers potential for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune diseases.
Subject(s)
Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy , Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/chemistry , Janus Kinase 3/antagonists & inhibitors , Valine/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Cell Line , Databases, Chemical , Dogs , Female , Graft vs Host Disease/drug therapy , Graft vs Host Disease/immunology , Haplorhini , Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/pharmacokinetics , Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring/pharmacology , Humans , Janus Kinase 2/chemistry , Janus Kinase 3/chemistry , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred CBA , Microsomes, Liver/metabolism , Models, Molecular , Rats , Rats, Inbred Lew , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Stereoisomerism , Structure-Activity Relationship , Valine/chemistry , Valine/pharmacokinetics , Valine/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The synthesis of novel, selective, orally active 2,5-disubstituted 6H-pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazin-6-one p38α inhibitors is described. Application of structural information from enzyme-ligand complexes guided the selection of screening compounds, leading to the identification of a novel class of p38α inhibitors containing a previously unreported bicyclic heterocycle core. Advancing the SAR of this series led to the eventual discovery of 5-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenylthio)-6H-pyrimido[1,6-b]pyridazin-6-one (VX-745). VX-745 displays excellent enzyme activity and selectivity, has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, and demonstrates good in vivo activity in models of inflammation.
ABSTRACT
A series of SYK inhibitors based on the phenylamino pyrimidine thiazole lead 4 were prepared and evaluated for biological activity. Lead optimization provided compounds with nanomolar K(i)'s against SYK and potent inhibition in mast cell degranulation assays.
Subject(s)
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors , Pyrimidines/chemical synthesis , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Spleen/enzymology , Thiazoles/chemical synthesis , Thiazoles/pharmacology , Animals , Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques , Crystallography, X-Ray , Drug Design , Mast Cells/drug effects , Microsomes, Liver/drug effects , Molecular Conformation , Molecular Structure , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemistry , Pyrimidines/chemistry , Rats , Structure-Activity Relationship , Syk Kinase , Thiazoles/chemistryABSTRACT
Syntheses of the potent sulfur-containing tetrapeptide mimetic farnesyl transferase inhibitors B956 (22) and B957 (23) are described. The two double bonds in 22 and 23 were constructed by application of iterative NHK and cuprate S(N)2' reactions. Normal syn NHK reaction and substrate-dependent syn and anti-S(N)2' diastereoselectivities accompanied by exclusive E-olefin selectivity were observed for the first NHK iteration (1 --> 4). In the second iteration, unexpected epimerization and a strong preference for syn diastereoselectivity was observed for the NHK reaction (5b --> 7a + 9a) while an unusual Z-olefin was observed for the S(N)2' reaction (7b --> 11). Deprotection conditions were optimized to ensure high purity and yield of the final aminothiol compounds.