Highly Effective Non-Noble MnO2 Catalysts for 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Oxidation to 2,5-Furandicarboxylic Acid.

Noble metal-free catalyst or catalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid are proposed in this study as a proposal to solve one of the great disadvantages of this reaction of using preferably noble metal-based catalysts. The catalytic activity of six MnO2 crystal structures is studied as alternative. The obtained results showed a strong connection between catalytic activity the type of MnO2 structure organization and redox behavior. Among all tested catalysts, ϵ-MnO2 showed the best performance with an excellent yield of 74 % of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid at full -hydroxymethylfurfural conversion.

Pautas para el regreso seguro a la actividad física luego de la infección por COVID / Guidelines for safe return to physical activity after COVID infection

La infección por COVID-19 puede producir afectación de diversos órganos, principalmente a nivel cardiovascular y pulmonar, lo cual plantea un desafío al momento de reiniciar la actividad física (AF) en personas previamente activas. En este documento se revisan los algoritmos de evaluación de riesgo y se describen pautas para el regreso seguro a la AF

COVID 19 infection can affect various organs, including the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, which poses a challenge when restarting physical activity (PA) in previously active people. In this document, the risk assessment algorithms are reviewed and a proposal for a safe return to PA is described.

Pautas para el regreso seguro a la actividad física luego de la infección por COVID / Guidelines for safe return to physical activity after COVID infection

Resumen La infección por COVID-19 puede producir afectación de diversos órganos, principalmente a nivel cardiovascular y pulmonar, lo cual plantea un desafío al momento de reiniciar la actividad física (AF) en personas previamente activas. En este documento se revisan los algoritmos de evaluación de riesgo y se describen pautas para el regreso seguro a la AF.

Abstract COVID 19 infection can affect various organs, including the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, which poses a challenge when restarting physical activity (PA) in previously active people. In this document, the risk assessment algorithms are reviewed and a proposal for a safe return to PA is described.

A systematic review and functional bioinformatics analysis of genes associated with Crohn's disease identify more than 120 related genes.

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease is one of the two categories of inflammatory bowel diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract. The heritability estimate has been reported to be 0.75. Several genes linked to Crohn's disease risk have been identified using a plethora of strategies such as linkage-based studies, candidate gene association studies, and lately through genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Nevertheless, to our knowledge, a compendium of all the genes that have been associated with CD is lacking. METHODS: We conducted functional analyses of a gene set generated from a systematic review where genes potentially related to CD found in the literature were analyzed and classified depending on the genetic evidence reported and putative biological function. For this, we retrieved and analyzed 2496 abstracts comprising 1067 human genes plus 22 publications regarding 133 genes from GWAS Catalog. Then, each gene was curated and categorized according to the type of evidence associated with Crohn's disease. RESULTS: We identified 126 genes associated with Crohn's disease risk by specific experiments. Additionally, 71 genes were recognized associated through GWAS alone, 18 to treatment response, 41 to disease complications, and 81 to related diseases. Bioinformatic analysis of the 126 genes supports their importance in Crohn's disease and highlights genes associated with specific aspects such as symptoms, drugs, and comorbidities. Importantly, most genes were not included in commercial genetic panels suggesting that Crohn's disease is genetically underdiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: We identified a total of 126 genes from PubMed and 71 from GWAS that showed evidence of association to diagnosis, 18 to treatment response, and 41 to disease complications in Crohn's disease. This prioritized gene catalog can be explored at http://victortrevino.bioinformatics.mx/CrohnDisease .

Multivariate genome-wide association study models to improve prediction of Crohn's disease risk and identification of potential novel variants.

BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease (CD) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects the gastrointestinal tract with diverse symptoms. At present, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has discovered more than 140 genetic loci associated with CD from several datasets. Using the usual univariate GWAS methods, researchers have discovered common variants with small effects. Univariate methods assume independence among the variants that miss subtle combinatorial signals. Multivariate approaches have improved risk prediction and have complemented univariate methods for elucidating the etiology of complex traits and potential novel associations. However, the current multivariate models for CD have been assessed for three datasets (published from 2006 to 2008) under unrelated methodological settings showing a broad performance spectrum. Notably, these multivariate studies do not analyze potential novel variants. Here, we aimed to perform a robust multivariate analysis of a CD dataset different from the one commonly used, and we used the information yielded by the models to identify whether the generated models could provide additional information about the potential novel variants of CD. METHODS: Therefore, we compared different multivariate methods and models, LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator), XGBoost, random forest (RF), Bootstrap stage-wise model selection (BSWiMS), and LDpred, using a strict random subsampling approach to predict the CD risk using a recent GWAS dataset, United Kingdom IBD IBD Genetics Consortium (UKIBDGC), made available in 2017, that had not been used for CD prediction studies. In addition, we assessed the effect of common strategies by increasing and decreasing the number of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (using genotype imputation and linkage disequilibrium (LD)-clumping). RESULTS: We found that the LDpred model without any imputation was the best model among all the tested models for predicting the CD risk (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) = 0.667 ± 0.024) in this dataset. We validated the best models using a second dataset (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) IBD Genetics Consortium, which was previously used in CD prediction studies) in which LDpred was also the best method with a similar performance (AUROC = 0.634 ± 0.009). Based on the importance of the variants yielded by the multivariate models, we identified an unnoticed region within chromosome 6, tagged by SNP rs4945943; this region was close to the gene MARCKS, which appeared to contribute to CD risk. CONCLUSIONS: This research is the first multivariate prediction analysis applied to the UKIBDGC dataset. Our robust multivariate setting analysis enabled us to identify a potential variant that contributed to the CD risk. Multivariate methods are valuable tools for identifying genes that contribute to disease risk.

Mesa 2: Insuficiencia cardíaca y diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Table 2: heart failure and diabetes mellitus type 2

Desde que el estudio Framingham en 1974 reportó un aumento de dos a cinco veces en el riesgo de desarrollar insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM), otros estudios observacionales confirmaron esta asociación que ha tomado gran visibilidad en los últimos años a partir de los resultados de los estudios de seguridad cardiovascular de las drogas antidiabéticas. La IC se define como un síndrome clínico que resulta del deterioro funcional o estructural del llenado ventricular o la eyección de sangre. Puede clasificarse según la fracción de eyección, la presencia de síntomas y la limitación de la actividad física. Existen distintos factores asociados a la IC en personas con DM como la edad, la antigüedad de la enfermedad, la utilización de insulina, la enfermedad coronaria, la hipertensión arterial, la enfermedad arterial periférica, el aumento de creatinina, el escaso control glucémico, la albuminuria y la obesidad. A su vez la IC se asocia a insulinorresistencia y a estados disglucémicos que se consideran de riesgo para el desarrollo de DM. En la fisiopatología están implicados el sistema nervioso simpático, el sistema renina angiotensina aldosterona, los péptidos natriuréticos, alteraciones renales, remodelación del ventrículo izquierdo, miocardiopatía diabética, neuropatía autonómica cardíaca y la inflamación. El diagnóstico de IC es clínico; los estudios complementarios orientan en el diagnóstico etiológico y son útiles en el seguimiento. El buen control glucémico es importante pero no suficiente para reducir el desarrollo de IC. Se ha descripto que algunos antidiabéticos podrían incrementar el riesgo de falla cardíaca y, por el contrario, otros tendrían un efecto beneficioso. El tratamiento de la IC no difiere de una persona sin DM. Dado que el pronóstico de la IC en los pacientes con DM es más severo, los esfuerzos deben centrarse en prevenir, diagnosticar y tratar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular para reducir el desarrollo de IC.

Since the Framingham study in 1974 reported a 2 to 5 fold increase in the risk of developing heart failure (HF) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), other observational studies confirmed this association that has gained great visibility in recent years from of the results of cardiovascular safety studies of antidiabetic drugs. HF is defined as a clinical syndrome that results from functional or structural deterioration of ventricular filling or blood ejection. It can be classified according to the ejection fraction, the presence of symptoms and the limitation to physical activity. There are different factors associated with HF in people with DM such as age, duration of the disease, insulin use, coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, peripheral arterial disease, increased creatinine, poor glycemic control, albuminuria and obesity. In turn, HF is associated with insulin resistance and dysglycemic states that are considered of risk for the development of DM. Pathophysiology involves the sympathetic nervous system, the renin angiotensin aldosterone system, natriuretic peptides, kidney abnormalities, left ventricular remodeling, diabetic cardiomyopathy, autonomic cardiac neuropathy, and inflammation. The diagnosis of HF is clinical, complementary studies guide the etiological diagnosis and are useful for follow-up. Good glycemic control is important but not sufficient to reduce the development of HF. It has been described that some antidiabetics could increase the risk of heart failure, while others would have a beneficial effect. The treatment of HF does not differ from a person without DM. Since the prognosis of HF in patients with DM is more severe, efforts should be focused on preventing, diagnosing and treating cardiovascular risk factors, to reduce the development of HF

A systematic review of genes affecting mitochondrial processes in cancer.

Malignant conversion of cancer cells requires efficient mitochondria reprogramming orchestrated by hundreds of genes. The transformation includes increased energy demand, biosynthesis of precursors, and reactive oxygen species needed to accelerate cell growth, proliferation, and survival. Reprogramming involves complex gene alterations that have not been methodically curated. Therefore, we systematically analyzed the literature of cancer-related genes in mitochondria. Through the analysis of >2500 PubMed abstracts and >1600 human genes, we identified 228 genes showing clear roles in cancer. Each gene was classified according to their homeostatic function, together with the pathological transitions that contribute to specific cancer hallmarks. The potential clinical relevance of these hallmarks and genes is discussed by representative examples and validated by detecting differences in gene expression levels across 16 different types of cancer. A compendium, including the gene functions and alterations underpinning cancer progression, can be explored at http://bioinformatica.mty.itesm.mx/MitoCancer.

Bem-estar subjetivo em praticantes e não praticantes de meditação / Subjective well-being in meditation practitioners and non-practitioners

O Bem-Estar Subjetivo (BES) é composto por Afetos Positivos (AP), Negativos (AN) e Satisfação com a Vida (SV), que se referem aos componentes afetivos e cognitivos. As práticas meditativas, incorporadas às práticas integrativas aprovadas pelo SUS, são utilizadas para o relaxamento, incluindo alívio emocional e mental, e redução do estresse. Assim, este estudo procurou identificar relações entre os escores do BES e as práticas de meditação, frequência e anos de prática. Esta pesquisa foi composta por praticantes (n = 166) e não praticantes (n = 139), os quais responderam a Escala de Bem-Estar Subjetivo. Obteve-se como resultado três modelos preditivos, indicando que os praticantes de meditação obtiveram maiores índices em AP e SV, bem como menores índices em AN. Também se observaram efeitos significativos e positivos da frequência e anos de prática sobre o BES. Em suma, os resultados obtidos podem indicar haver evidências de que as práticas de meditação possuem efeitos sobre o BES dos indivíduos.

Subjective Well-Being (SWB) is composed of Positive Affects (PA), Negative Affects (NA) and Life Satisfaction (LF), which refers to affective and cognitive components. Meditative practices were incorporated into integrative practices approved by the public health department, and are used for relaxation, including emotional and mental relief, and stress reduction. Thus, this study sought to identify relationships between BES scores and practices of meditation, frequency and years of practice. This research was composed by practitioners (N = 166) and non-practitioners (N = 139), who responded to the Subjective Well-Being Scale. As a result, three predictive models were obtained, indicating that meditation practitioners presented higher rates of PA and LF, as well as lower rates of NA. Significant and positive effects of frequency and years of practice on BES were also observed. In short, the results obtained may indicate that there is evidence that meditation practices have effects on the SWB of individuals.

Por que os Adolescentes Buscam Fazer Orientação Profissional? Um Estudo Preditivo com Estudantes Brasileiros / Por que los Adolescents Buscan Orientación Prefesional? Un Estudio Predictivo com Estudiantes Brasileños / Why do Adolescents Seek Career Counseling? A Predictor Study of Brazilian Students

Resumo Orientadores profissionais que atuam na prática rotineiramente identificam motivos que fazem seus clientes serem mais indecisos ou propensos a buscarem seus serviços, contudo ainda com pouco amparo científico. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi verificar o quanto variáveis como personalidade, adaptabilidade de carreira, autoeficácia e exploração vocacional explicam a indecisão vocacional e a intenção de busca por orientação profissional. Participaram deste estudo 237 estudantes dos três anos do ensino médio de uma escola pública, sendo a maior parte do sexo feminino. Foram realizadas duas Análises de Regressão Linear Múltipla, com método forward, sendo usadas como variáveis desfecho a Indecisão e a busca por Orientação Profissional. Os resultados indicaram que os casos foram preditos positivamente por Neuroticismo e Exploração de Si; a Exploração do Ambiente predisse negativamente a Indecisão; a Autoavaliação predisse negativamente a busca por orientação profissional. Conclui-se que os adolescentes buscam orientação profissional por se sentirem vulneráveis emocionalmente, por estarem buscando se conhecer, ou por não acreditarem no seu autoconhecimento profissional.

Resumen Orientadores profesionales que actúan en esta práctica habitualmente identifican motivos que hacen que sus clientes sean más indecisos o propensos a buscar sus servicios, pero sin mucho amparo científico. De esta forma, el objetivo de este artículo fue verificar cual es la influencia cuantitativa de las variables de personalidad, adaptabilidad de carrera, autoeficacia y exploración vocacional en la predicción de la indecisión vocacional y la intención de buscar por orientación profesional. En este estudio participaron 237 estudiantes de los tres años de secundaria de una escuela pública, siendo la mayoría del sexo femenino. Fueron realizadas dos Analices de Regresión Linear Múltiple con el método forward, con las variables desencadenadas la Indecisión y la busca por Orientación Profesional. Los resultados indican que ambos casos fueron previstos positivamente por el Neuroticismo y la Exploración de Sí. Además, Exploración del Ambiente predice negativamente la Indecisión, y de la misma manera la Auto-evaluación predice negativamente la busca por orientación profesional. Concluyendo que los adolescentes buscan la orientación profesional cuando se sienten emocionalmente vulnerables, cuando desean buscar conocerse o por no creer en su propio autoconocimiento profesional.

Abstract Career counselors who routinely practice their profession identify the motives that lead their clients to be more indecisive or inclined to seek their services, yet still with little scientific support. That being the case, the present study's aim was to examine the extent to which variables such as personality, career adaptability, self-efficacy and career exploration explain career indecision and the intention to seek Career Counseling. The study enjoyed the participation of 237 sophomores, juniors and seniors from a public high school, and the majority of the students were female. We performed two Multiple Linear Regression Analyses using the forward method, employing Career Indecision and Seeking Career Counseling as the outcome variables. The results indicated that Neuroticism and Self-Exploration positively predicted the cases; Environmental Exploration negatively predicted Career Indecision; and Self-Assessment negatively predicted seeking career counseling. We thus conclude that adolescents seek career counseling either because they feel emotionally vulnerable or because they are seeking self-knowledge, or even because they do not believe in their career-related self-knowledge.

Self-efficacy, Adaptability and Intention of Searching for Vocational Guidance in Adolescents / Autoeficácia, Adaptabilidade e Intenção de Busca de Orientação Profissional em Adolescentes / Autoeficacia, Adaptabilidad e Intención de Búsqueda de Orientación Profesional en Adolescentes

Abstract Vocational guidance (VG) involves several variables that can help the individual to make a professional choice and build his or her career. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy for professional choice and career adaptability in high school students, as well as to verify possible differences regarding the intention or not to participate in a VG process. 272 students participated in this study, from a public school, aged between 14 and 19 years, 51.5% female. A Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Self-efficacy Scale for Professional Choice (EAE-EP) and the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS-Brazil) were applied. From the Pearson correlation analysis, ANOVA and Cohen's d, the results indicated positive correlations between the constructs, in addition, it was observed the difference between the students who would like or not to undergo a VG process. Implications for the practice are discussed.

Resumo A orientação profissional (OP) envolve diversas variáveis que podem auxiliar o indivíduo a realizar uma escolha profissional e construir sua carreira. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar a relação entre a autoeficácia para escolha profissional e a adaptabilidade de carreira em estudantes do ensino médio, além de verificar possíveis diferenças quanto à intenção ou não em participar de um processo de OP. Participaram 272 alunos, de uma escola pública, com idade entre 14 e 19 anos, sendo 51,5% do sexo feminino. Foram aplicados um Questionário sociodemográfico, a Escala de Autoeficácia para Escolha Profissional (EAE-EP) e a Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS-Brasil). A partir das análises de correlação de Pearson, ANOVA e d de Cohen, os resultados indicaram correlações positivas entre os construtos, além disso, foi observada a diferença entre os alunos que gostariam ou não de passar por um processo de OP. As implicações para a prática são discutidas.

Resumen La orientación profesional (OP) engloba diversas variables que pueden ayudar al individuo a realizar una elección profesional y construir su carrera. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre la autoeficacia para elección profesional y la adaptabilidad de carrera en estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria, además de verificar posibles diferencias en cuanto a la intención o no de participar en un proceso de OP. En este estudio participaron 272 alumnos, de una escuela pública, con edad entre 14 y 19 años, siendo el 51,5% del sexo femenino. Se aplicó un Cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Autoeficacia para Elección Profesional (EAE-EP) y la Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS-Brasil). A partir de los análisis de correlación de Pearson, ANOVA y d de Cohen, los resultados indicaron correlaciones positivas entre los constructos, además, se observó la diferencia entre los alumnos que quisieran o no pasar por un proceso de OP. Las implicaciones para la práctica se discuten.

Relation between Career Adaptability and Academic Experiences in Higher Education / Relações entre adaptabilidade de carreira e vivências acadêmicas no ensino superior

Resumo As vivências acadêmicas, além de informar sobre a adaptação ao contexto da educação superior também mostra-se relacionada com variáveis de desenvolvimento de carreira. Nesse sentido o presente estudo teve como objetivos verificar a correlação entre adaptabilidade de carreira e vivências acadêmicas, além do efeito da satisfação com o curso nas correlações entre os construtos mencionados. Os participantes foram 89 estudantes universitários do quinto ao nono semestre de uma universidade particular do interior paulista. Foram aplicados a Escala de Adaptabilidade de Carreira (CAAS) e o Questionário de Vivências Acadêmicas reduzido (QVA-r), além de um único item que avaliava o grau de satisfação com o curso. Foi realizada uma correlação entre os fatores da CAAS e os fatores do QVA-r, na qual observou-se correlações positivas entre os dois instrumentos, podendo destacar-se a correlação positiva e com grau moderado Preocupação (CAAS) e Carreira (QVA-r). A respeito da correlação parcial, foi observado que a variável satisfação com o curso exerceu influência em algumas correlações, principalmente a observada entre Preocupação (CAAS) e Carreira (QVA-r). A partir dos resultados pode-se assumir o processo de adaptação acadêmica como uma variável de carreira, sugerindo-se novos estudos com amostras maiores e mais diversificadas para a confirmação deste resultado.

Abstract Academic experiences, besides informing about adaptation to higher education context, have been associated to variables related to career development. In this sense, the objective of this study was to verify the correlation between career adapt-abilities and academic experiences, and the effect of course satisfaction in this correlation. The participants were 89 college students from fifth to ninth semester of a private college. These participants answered the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS) and Academic Adaptation Reduced Questionnaire (QVA-r), and also an item that valued the level of academic satisfaction. A correlation was made between the factors of the CAAS and QVA-r factors, in which there was found a positive correlation between the two instruments, from which can stand out the positive correlation and moderate Concern (CAAS) and Career (QVA-r). About the racial correlation, it was observed that the variable satisfaction with the course had an influence on some of the correlations, mainly on the Concern (CAAS) and Career (QVA-r) correlation. The results suggest that it could be assumed that the adaptation process is a variable of career. Indeed, further research would be necessary with biggers and more diverse samples.

Relações entre Autoeficácia para Escolha Profissional, Exploração e Indecisão Vocacional / Relationships between Professional Choice Self-Efficacy and Vocational Exploration and Indecision / Relación entre Autoeficácia para Elección de Profesión, Exploración e Indecisión vocacional

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar as relações entre autoeficácia para escolha profissional, comportamento exploratório e indecisão vocacional. Para tanto, 272 estudantes de ensino médio de uma escola pública do interior de São Paulo responderam em sala de aula três instrumentos de avaliação. Os resultados mostraram correlações positivas entre fracas e moderadas entre autoeficácia e comportamento exploratório. Também verificou-se que autoeficácia é um preditor significativo dos comportamentos de exploração vocacional. Por fim, observou-se que há diferenças com tamanhos de efeito moderado entre grupos com alta e baixa indecisão em relação aos resultados dos outros instrumentos. Os resultados são discutidos à luz da literatura sobre os construtos considerados neste estudo e de suas implicações práticas.

This research aimed the verification of the relation between professional choice self-efficacy, exploratory behavior and vocational indecision. For that, 272 high school students from a public school of the countryside of São Paulo state answered to three scales that evaluated the mentioned constructs inside the classroom. The results showed positive correlations from weak to moderate between self-efficacy and exploratory behavior. It was also verified that self-efficacy is a significant predictor of exploratory behavior. Finally, it was observed that there is moderate effect size difference between groups of high and low indecision related to the results of other evaluated scales. The results are discussed based on the literature of the constructs considered on this research and its practical implications.

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar las relaciones entre autoeficacia para la elección profesional, comportamiento exploratorio e indecisión vocacional. Con ese fin, 272 estudiantes de enseñanza media de una escuela pública del interior de São Paulo respondieron en el salón de clases a tres instrumentos de evaluación. Los resultados mostraron correlaciones positivas de débiles a moderadas entre autoeficacia y comportamiento exploratorio. También se verificó que la autoeficacia constituye un predictor significativo del comportamiento exploratorio vocacional. Por último, se observó que existen diferencias con tamaños de efecto moderado entre grupos con alta y baja indecisión con relación a los resultados de los otros instrumentos. Los resultados fueron discutidos a partir de la literatura sobre los constructos abordados en el estudio y considerando sus implicaciones prácticas.