ABSTRACT
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Upper Limbs (WRMSDs-ULs) are one of the most common occupational diseases worldwide. Repetitive motion is one of the main risk factors associated with these conditions. Several efforts have been made within the scientific community in order to develop specific methods to assess the risk that repetitive work represents. Furthermore, internationally coordinated work has resulted in the generation of a series of ISO standards to address issues around ergonomics in the workplace. In 2012, Chile adopted the ISO11228-3 standard checklist in its regulatory process, creating the first technical standard of risk management for repetitive motion. The aim of this study is to present the results of a nation-wide online survey of Chilean Health and Safety Practitioners and Ergonomists, which was conducted in order to identify their level of application experience, most commonly adopted practices, and opinions on the first Chilean Standard for WRMSDs-ULs risk assessment. A second aim is to discuss common issues and possible improvements in public policies, and the adoption of international instruments by developing countries. A total of 331 respondents completed the survey (183 Ergonomists and 148 non-ergonomist). It was observed that a number of the participants consider that the adaptation of the ISO standard has several issues, ranging from simple ones as wording and format to more complex ones regarding overall structure, logic, and ease of use. One of the main issues expressed is the fact that during the adaptation process the instrument is applied in multitask jobs, without providing clear instructions or training. Furthermore, among the top three most used assessment methods were RULA and REBA, which are posture-driven, instead of methods validated for repetitive motion. The issues detected by the Chilean OHS practitioners are common in developing countries, where an intersection of lack of resources, public agency authoritarianism, and poor communication between public-private and public-public organizations contribute to poor consultation, validation, and adaptation processes. Suggestions to improve the current Chilean standard, as well as considerations for developing countries, are presented.
Subject(s)
Developing Countries , Musculoskeletal Diseases , Chile , Humans , Musculoskeletal Diseases/etiology , Musculoskeletal Diseases/prevention & control , Risk Assessment , Upper ExtremityABSTRACT
Identifica la percepción de la población respecto a la calidad de los servcios públicos de salud en los distritos Norte e Ichilo (Bolivia), enfatizando la relación entre los trabajadores de salud y los pacientes. Se utilizaron métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos tales como: encuesta, grupos focales, observación directa, entrevistas abiertas con la comunidad. La coexistencia de culturas diferentes y de varios estratos socio económicos, hace que la relación entre el personal de salud y el paciente se efecté en un marco multicultural. Los resultados muestran que la reputación de los servicios aquí estudiados está afectada por algunos elementos, tales como las actitudes discriminatorias hacia la gente que pertenece a un nivel socio-económico bajo, problemas de comunicación entre lo trabajador de salud y el paciente, la percepción de insuficiente capacidad diagnóstica y terapéutica. La baja capacidad de los servicios públicos de salud para aceptar y reconocer las características interculturales de la región, hace que el desafío a ser asumido por el personal de salud del distrito es el establecimiento de puentes interculturales entre los proveedores de los servicios publicos de salud y los pacientes potenciales, así como entre los diferentes sistemas médico coexistentes.