Development of the trainer skill evaluation scale for metacognitive training.

Aim: The purpose of this study is manifold: to develop a trainer skill rating scale for metacognitive training (MCT), to determine the difficulty level of the behavioral checklist, and to examine the reliability and validity of the MCT Trainer Skills Rating Scale. Method: In Study 1, an MCT trainer skill behavior checklist was developed with expert staff members, and a questionnaire was administered to MCT trainers. Item categorization was identical to that used in previous studies. In Study 2, a video was used to conduct the survey. All subjects were given a 1-hour training session, instructed on evaluating the MCT Trainer Skills Rating Scale, and asked to rate their trainer skills on a mock video designed for beginners and a mock video designed for advanced trainers. Result: In Study 1, responses from 49 respondents were obtained. The survey results showed that 72 items were classified similarly to previous studies. In Study 2, two pairs were randomly selected, and weighted kappa coefficients were calculated for the sub-items of the MCT Trainer Skills Rating Scale. High agreement was obtained with K = 0.71 and K = 0.73, indicating high reliability. Conclusion: High reliability was obtained for all eight items of the MCT Trainer Skills Rating Scale created in this study. In addition, the video evaluation scores for the advanced trainer were significantly higher than those for the beginner trainer, suggesting that discriminant validity was confirmed among the criterion-related validity. These results confirm that the scale has both high reliability and validity.

Total Sealing Technique (TST) with a bipolar vessel sealing system reduces lymphorrhea and seroma formation for axillary lymph node dissection in primary breast cancer.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of a novel surgical procedure, the Total Sealing Technique (TST), using the latest bipolar vessel sealing system (BVSS; LigaSure™ Exact Dissector) to reduce lymphatic leakage and seroma formation after electrocautery axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in breast cancer surgery. Prolonged drainage is a common occurrence after ALND, primarily due to lymphatic leakage. In addition, the presence of seroma often leads to delays in the administration of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy even after drain removal. Methods: We conducted a comparative analysis of 36 patients who underwent total mastectomy with ALND using conventional electrocautery technique (CONV) during the first 3 years, and 35 patients who underwent the same procedure using TST during the subsequent 3 years. The following factors were compared to assess the impact of TST: operation time, blood loss, total drainage volume, mean time to drain removal, postoperative hospital stay, mean time to initiation of postoperative chemotherapy, and postoperative complications in each group. Results: TST significantly reduced drainage volume (360.5 vs. 820.6 mL, p < 0.001), days to drain removal (4.8 vs. 6.8 days, p < 0.001), postoperative hospital stay (5.9 vs. 9.6 days, p < 0.001), the incidence of seroma (28.6 % vs. 65.9 %, p = 0.001), and time to chemotherapy initiation (33.1 vs. 61.4 days, p < 0.001) compared to CONV. Conclusions: TST in total mastectomy with ALND effectively decreases the incidence of lymphorrhea and seroma formation; thus, it can be recommended for total mastectomy with ALND.

Changes in Peripheral Blood Eosinophil Counts and Risk of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Onset after Initiation of Dupilumab Administration in Adult Patients with Asthma.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to clarify the changes in peripheral blood eosinophil (PBE) counts and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) onset in patients with asthma who were treated with dupilumab in clinical practice. METHODS: The primary outcome of this study is to determine the onset of EGPA in patients whose PBE counts continued to rise within 6 months of dupilumab initiation (rising group) and in patients whose PBE counts peaked and subsequently declined within 6 months (peaked and declined group). As a secondary outcome, the incidence of developing EGPA in patients with PBE counts greater than 1500 cells/µL at 3 or 6 months after dupilumab administration is investigated. RESULTS: A total of 37 individual were enrolled (male/female = 14/23, median age = 57.0 years old). The development of EGPA was significantly more frequent in the rising group compared with the peaked and declined group (p = 0.042, effect size = 0.455, moderate association). Patients with PBE counts greater than 1500 cells/µL showed a significantly higher risk of developing EGPA (p = 0.017, effect size = 0.678, strong association). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should check for the onset of EGPA by monitoring the elevation of eosinophils within 6 months after dupilumab administration, especially in patients with PBE counts greater than 1500 cells/µL at 3 months.

Transcutaneous gas monitoring is a useful tool to detect respiratory depression during bronchoscopy performed under propofol sedation.

BACKGROUND: Bronchoscopy is a relatively invasive procedure where patients are often sedated. However, adequate sedation is not always achieved. Propofol is often used for difficult-to-sedate patients undergoing bronchoscopy despite a potential risk of respiratory depression. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide (tcpCO2) monitoring, introduced recently, is recognized as a convenient surrogate method for continuous monitoring of the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). This study examined the safety of switching to propofol during bronchoscopy by using transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring. METHODS: Patients in whom transcutaneous gas monitoring had been performed during bronchoscopy were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups: 1) the midazolam + fentanyl group (MF group), and 2) the group in which midazolam was switched to propofol owing to inadequate sedation obtained with midazolam + fentanyl (MFP group). We retrospectively analyzed the transcutaneous gas measurement data collected in patients under propofol sedation for bronchoscopy. RESULTS: This study included 61 (MF, n = 41; MFP, n = 20) patients. The duration of elevated tcpCO2 (>50 mm Hg) was greater in the MFP group (MF 8.5 min vs. MFP 22.1 min, p = 0.042). CONCLUSION: Switching midazolam to propofol during bronchoscopy was significantly associated with a higher risk of elevated tcpCO2, which is indicative of respiratory depression. Therefore, continuous tcpCO2 monitoring is required to ensure the safety of patients under propofol sedation for bronchoscopy.

Detection of multiple druggable mutations of lung cancer from cytology specimens by MINtS: An advanced medicine A trial.

Most multigene mutation tests require tissue specimens. However, cytological specimens are easily obtained in the clinical practice and provide high-quality DNA and RNA. We aimed to establish a test that utilizes cytological specimens and performed a multi-institutional study to investigate the performance of MINtS, a test based on next-generation sequencing. A standard procedure for specimen isolation was defined. The specimens were considered suitable for the test if >100 ng DNA and >50 ng RNA could be extracted from them. In total, 500 specimens from 19 institutions were investigated. MINtS detected druggable mutations in 63% (136 of 222) of adenocarcinomas. Discordant results between MINtS and the companion diagnostics were observed in 14 of 310 specimens for the EGFR gene, and 6 of 339 specimens for the ALK fusion genes. Confirmation by other companion diagnostics for the EGFR mutations or the clinical response to an ALK inhibitor all supported the results obtained by MINtS. MINtS along with the isolation procedure presented in the current study will be a platform to establish multigene mutation tests that utilize cytological specimens. UMIN000040415.

Sequential Multiple Borylation Toward an Ultrapure Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Material.

Multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters have emerged as an important component of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) because of their narrowband emission and high exciton utilization efficiency. However, the chemical space of MR-TADF emitters remains mostly unexplored because of the lack of suitable synthetic protocols. Herein, we demonstrate a sequential multiple borylation reaction that provides new synthetically accessible chemical space. ω-DABNA, the proof-of-concept material, exhibited narrowband green TADF with a full width at half-maximum of 22 nm and a small singlet-triplet energy gap of 13 meV. The OLED employing it as an emitter exhibited electroluminescence at 512 nm, with Commission International de l'Éclairage coordinates of (0.13, 0.73) and a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 31.1%. Moreover, the device showed minimum efficiency roll-off, with an EQE of 29.4% at 1000 cd m-2.

Carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for recurrent small cell lung cancer: A phase II study.

BACKGROUND: We conducted a phase II study of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for the treatment of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) after the failure of a prior standard chemotherapy containing platinum, etoposide, irinotecan, and amrubicin if indicated. Patients with interstitial pneumonia complications were included in the study. METHODS: Patients received 100 mg/m2 of nab-paclitaxel weekly (on days 1, 8, and 15) and an AUC 5 of carboplatin on day 1. The study treatment was repeated every 3 weeks until disease progression or the appearance of unacceptable toxicities. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate. RESULTS: A total of 21 patients were enrolled, all of whom were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Twelve patients had pre-existing interstitial pneumonia. The overall response rate was 19.0% (90% confidence interval [CI]: 6.8%-38.4%). The lower limit of the 90% CI for the response rate did not exceed the prespecified threshold value of 10%. Among the 12 patients with pre-existing interstitial pneumonia, the response rate was 25%. The median progression-free survival time was 2.5 months (95% CI: 1.5-3.4 months), and the median survival time was 5.1 months (95% CI: 2.1-8.1 months). Two patients developed interstitial lung disease; both of these patients had pre-existing interstitial pneumonia. One of the patients died from interstitial lung disease. CONCLUSION: Combination chemotherapy with carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for recurrent SCLC had a modest activity, although the primary study endpoint was not met. Further investigation of this regimen for patients with recurrent SCLC and interstitial pneumonia is warranted.

Severe Gastrointestinal Disorder Due to Capecitabine Associated with Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency induces severe adverse events in patients receiving fluoropyrimidines. We encountered a 64-year-old DPD-deficient man with a severe capecitabine-related gastrointestinal disorder. He received capecitabine-containing chemotherapy after rectal cancer resection. During the first course of chemotherapy, he developed severe diarrhea, a fever, and hematochezia. Endoscopy revealed mucosal shedding with bleeding throughout the gastrointestinal tract. DPD deficiency was suspected because he developed many severe adverse events of capecitabine early and was finally confirmed based on the finding of a low DPD activity level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. After one month of intensive care, hemostasis and mucosal healing were noted, although his gastrointestinal function did not improve, and he had persistent nutritional management issues.

Effect of preoperative asymptomatic renal dysfunction on the clinical course after colectomy for colon cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of mild renal dysfunction on the clinical course after colectomy in patients with colon cancer. METHODS: The subjects of this retrospective study were 263 patients who underwent surgical resection for colon cancer at our hospital between 2011 and 2015. Renal function was assessed based on preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) values. Patients were divided into groups based on their eGFR value of 55 ml/min/1.73 m2. The Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square or Fisher exact test, and log-rank test were used in the data analysis. RESULTS: There were 59 patients (22.4%) in the low eGFR group and 204 patients in the normal eGFR group. There were differences between the groups in age, comorbidities, and the levels of hemoglobin, albumin, and serum creatinine. The overall postoperative complication rate, frequency of severe complications, and length of stay were significantly higher in the low eGFR group than in the normal eGFR group. Multivariate analysis revealed that low eGFR was the only independent risk factor for severe complications (Clavien-Dindo classification III/IV). There were no differences in survival between the groups. CONCLUSION: Preoperative asymptomatic renal dysfunction may be correlated with the development of postoperative complications and a possible significant risk factor for severe complications after colon cancer surgery.

In vitro analysis of exfoliated tumor cells in intraluminal lavage samples after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection.

PURPOSE: Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) produces exfoliated tumor cells that occasionally cause local recurrence. However, the biological characteristics of these tumor cells have not been clarified. The aim of this study was to clarify the genetic background and viability of exfoliated tumor cells in colorectal ESDs, as well as possible method for their elimination. METHODS: Post-ESD intraluminal lavage samples from 19 patients who underwent colorectal ESDs were collected. In four patients with adenocarcinoma, gene mutations in the primary tumors and exfoliated cells in lavage samples were analyzed using a next-generation sequencer (NGS). In 15 patients with adenoma or adenocarcinoma, the viability of exfoliated cells and the cell-killing effect of povidone-iodine on exfoliated cells were evaluated. RESULTS: The analysis using a NGS demonstrated that tumors targeted for ESD had already acquired mutations in many genes involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasions. Furthermore, gene mutations between the exfoliated tumor cells and tumors resected by ESDs showed a 92 to 100% concordance. The median viable cell counts and the median viability of exfoliated cells in intraluminal lavage samples after ESDs were 4.9 × 105 cells/mL and 24%, respectively. The viability of the exfoliated cells did not decrease even 12 h after ESD. However, contact with 2.0% povidone-iodine solution reduced both viable cell counts and viability, significantly. CONCLUSION: A large number of tumor cells exfoliated during colorectal ESDs had acquired survival-favorable gene mutations and could survive for some time. Therefore, a lavage using a solution of 2.0% povidone-iodine may be effective against such cells. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The prospective study registered 1317, and the retrospective study registered 2729. The prospective study approved on June 20, 2016, and the retrospective study approved on October 6, 2020.

Clinical relevance of CD70 expression in resected pancreatic cancer: Prognostic value and therapeutic potential.

BACKGROUND: Aberrant expression of CD70 in several malignancies is potentially associated with poor patient prognosis and could serve as a therapeutic target. However, the clinical relevance of CD70 expression in pancreatic cancer has not been thoroughly explored. METHODS: We evaluated CD70 expression in 166 surgical specimens obtained from human patients with pancreatic cancer. We analyzed the function of CD70 in proliferation and migration using pancreatic cancer cell lines with silenced CD70 expression. RESULTS: CD70 expression was positively stained in 42 patients (25%). In the whole cohort, high CD70 expression was not associated with overall survival (OS: 33.1 vs. 40.8 months, P = 0.256), although it was significantly associated with inferior OS in a population of patients that completed adjuvant chemotherapy (OS: 45.4 vs. 63.8 months, P = 0.027). Moreover, the incidence of hematogenous metastasis was significantly higher in patients with high CD70 expression than in those with low CD70 expression (P = 0.020). This finding was also statistically significant in multivariate analyses (P = 0.001). In vitro experiments demonstrated that CD70 expression contributed to cancer cell proliferation independently of gemcitabine treatment as well as cell migration. Furthermore, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of frozen surgical tissues showed a correlation between the expression of CD70 and mesenchymal markers. CONCLUSIONS: CD70 expression in pancreatic cancer might be involved in hematogenous metastasis. Furthermore, our results imply that CD70 overexpression can serve as a novel prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target in patients who have completed adjuvant chemotherapy.

Significance of umbilical trocar size and intra-abdominal pressure on postoperative pain after transabdominal preperitoneal repair for inguinal hernia.

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is reported to be associated with lower postoperative pain than open repair. However, in the actual clinical setting, some patients experience relatively severe pain. This study aimed to elucidate surgical factors that affect pain after transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair. METHODS: We evaluated 199 patients who underwent elective TAPP for inguinal hernia from 2014 to 2019 in Heisei Memorial Hospital. The umbilical trocar size was changed from 12 to 5 mm from October 2017. The pneumoperitoneum intra-abdominal pressure was changed from 10 to 8 mmHg from 2019. Postoperative pain scores and analgesics were compared between patients who were grouped according to trocar size and intra-abdominal pressure, as well as 80 patients who received open repair. RESULTS: Patients with a 12 mm trocar had significantly higher pain than open repair patients (P < .0001). Patients with a 5 mm umbilical trocar and 8 mm Hg intra-abdominal pressure had significantly lower pain than a 12 mm trocar (P = .025) and did not significantly differ with pain after open repair. Analgesic use significantly decreased in patients using a 5 mm trocar than 12 mm (P = .002). CONCLUSION: Umbilical trocar size and pneumoperitoneum intra-abdominal pressure were significantly associated with post-TAPP pain. Using a 5 mm umbilical trocar and 8 mm Hg intra-abdominal pressure achieved pain levels as comparatively low as open repair.

A gene expression signature for predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

In patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), optimal treatment selection, including multimodality regimens such as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT), can be clinically transformative. Unfortunately, currently no predictive biomarkers are available that can guide the use of NACRT in PDAC patients. Accordingly, herein we developed a novel gene signature that can preoperatively predict NACRT-sensitivity in PDAC patients. Herein, we evaluated the performance of a 10-gene panel in 749 PDAC cases, which included two public datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas and International Cancer Genome Consortium; n = 276), and three clinical specimen cohorts (n = 417), and a pre-NACRT endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) biopsy cohort (n = 56). The potential predictive performance of this signature was evaluated and compared to CA-19-9 levels and key clinicopathological factors. We first evaluated the prognostic potential of a 10-gene panel which significantly predicted overall survival in both public datasets (P < .01, P < .01), and two in-house patient cohorts (P < .01, P = .04). In the pre-NACRT EUS-FNA cohort, we established a radio-sensitivity gene panel (RSGP) which yielded highly robust (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.81-0.97) for predicting response to gemcitabine-based NACRT. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that RSGP was an independent predictor for response to NACRT (OR = 2.70; 95% CI: 1.25-5.85), and this response-prediction was even more robust when CA-19-9 levels were included into the model. In conclusion, we have validated and developed a novel gene signature that is highly robust in predicting response to NACRT, even in preoperative settings, highlighting its clinical significance for optimizing and personalizing treatment strategies in PDAC patients.

Auto-antibody evaluation in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia and worse survival of patients with Ro52/TRIM21auto-antibody.

Some patients with interstitial pneumonia (IP) have auto-antibodies, but do not fit the criteria for specific connective tissue diseases. Examination of auto-antibodies is recommended for diagnosis idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A prospective cohort study was performed in 285 patients with IP. Eleven auto-antibodies were assessed and patients were followed for 2 years. All 285 patients underwent the myositis panel test (MPT) for 11 auto-antibodies. Among them, 23.5% (67/285) of the patients had a positive MPT and 14.7% (42/285) had connective tissue diseases. Among the 49 MPT positive patients without connective tissue diseases, 29 patients (59.2%) were positive for Ro52, including 17 patients with Ro52 mono-positivity. Among interstitial pneumonia patients without connective tissue diseases, the Ro52 mono-positive patients showed worse at 2-years survival than those who were Ro52 negative (p = 0.022, HR = 5.88, 95% CI 1.29-26.75). Most of the Ro52 positive patients also showed a low titer of anti-nucleolar antibody. About 20% of IP patients had auto-antibodies detectable by the MPT, and Ro52 positive patients accounted for more than half of the MPT positive patients without connective tissue diseases. Detection of Ro52 auto-antibodies may be useful for assessing the risk of progression in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia patients without connective tissue diseases and a low anti-nucleolar antibody titer.

Solution-Processable Pure Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitter Based on the Multiple Resonance Effect.

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials based on the multiple resonance (MR) effect are applied in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), combining high color purity and efficiency. However, they are not fabricated via solution-processing, which is an economical approach toward the mass production of OLED displays. Here, a solution-processable MR-TADF material (OAB-ABP-1), with an extended π-skeleton and bulky substituents, is designed. OAB-ABP-1 is synthesized from commercially available starting materials via a four-step process involving one-shot double borylation. OAB-ABP-1 presents attractive photophysical properties, a narrow emission band, a high photoluminescence quantum yield, a small energy gap between S1 and T1 , and low activation energy for reverse intersystem crossing. These properties are attributed to the alternating localization of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals induced by the boron, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. Furthermore, to facilitate charge recombination, two novel semiconducting polymers with similar ionization potentials to that of OAB-ABP-1 are synthesized for use as interlayer and emissive layer materials. A solution-processed OLED device is fabricated using OAB-ABP-1 and the aforementioned polymers; it exhibits pure green electroluminescence with a small full-width at half-maximum and a high external quantum efficiency with minimum efficiency roll-off.

Three-dimensional remnant pancreatic volume ratio indicates postoperative pancreatic exocrine insufficiency in pancreatic cancer patients after distal pancreatectomy.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatectomy may cause serious pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI), which can lead to some nutritional problems, including new-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recent studies have reported that remnant pancreatic volume (RPV) significantly influences postoperative PEI. However, the specific correlation between RPV and postoperative PEI remains unclear. Here, we compare various pre-, peri-, and postoperative risk factors in a retrospective cohort to address whether preoperatively measured RPV is a predictor of postoperative PEI in pancreatic cancer patients after distal pancreatectomy (DP). METHODS: Sixty-one pancreatic cancer patients who underwent DP were retrospectively enrolled. Pancreatic volume was measured using preoperative 3D images, which simulated the actual intraoperative pancreatic parenchymal volume. We obtained the 3D-measured RPV and resected pancreatic volume. We calculated the ratio of the RPV to the total pancreatic volume and then divided the cohort into high- and low-RPV ratio groups based on a cut-off value (>0.35, n = 37 and ≤ 0.35, n = 24). Using multivariate analysis, the RPV ratio as well as pre-, peri- and postoperative PEI risk factors were independently assessed. RESULTS: The multivariate analysis revealed that a low RPV ratio (odds ratio [OR], 5.911; p = 0.001), a hard pancreatic texture (OR, 3.313; p = 0.023) and TNM stage III/IV (OR, 3.515; p = 0.031) were strong predictors of the incidence of PEI. CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that the RPV ratio is an additional useful predictor of postoperative nutrition status in pancreatic cancer patients.

New insight into the association between bile infection and clinically relevant pancreatic fistula in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy.

BACKGROUND: The association between bacterial infection and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: Microbiological data for intraoperative bile culture (BC) and drain culture on postoperative day 4 (DC) were collected. The study population was classified into the following three groups: P1 (positive BC and DC), P2 (positive BC and negative DC), and N (negative BC). A total of 209 patients (P1: 38, P2: 72, and N: 99) who underwent PD between May 2013 and May 2018 met the inclusion criteria of the study. RESULTS: The rate of CR-POPF was significantly higher in the P1 group (34.2%) than in the P2 (12.5%; P = .007) and N groups (14.1%; P = .008). Between P1 and P2 groups, a significant difference was observed in the proportion of Enterococcus faecalis grown in BC (42.1% vs 4.2%; P < .001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of E faecalis in bile was independently associated with CR-POPF. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of both bile and postoperative abdominal fluid infections can be more accurate in predicting CR-POPF. Furthermore, the presence of E faecalis in bile may serve as a novel surrogate marker for CR-POPF.

A case of spindle cell dominant histiocytic sarcoma showing a complete remission after first-line chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide.

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS), an extremely rare malignancy, usually follows a progressive time course, and patients die within two years of diagnosis. At present, there is no consensus for effective chemotherapy. We report the case of a 54-year-old man who presented with low back pain and left hip joint pain. Imaging for the pain revealed multiple lesions in the mediastinum, vertebral bodies, and left ilium. Biopsies of the mediastinal and vertebral lesions yielded a diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma. He received standard chemotherapy for sarcoma with doxorubicin and ifosfamide, as the initial pathological diagnosis was soft tissue sarcoma. This is called AI therapy and commonly used for soft tissue sarcoma. Palliative radiation therapy to the left iliac lesion was added for pain control. Complete remission (CR) was achieved after two courses of AI therapy. Subsequent immunopathological examination revealed that the tumor was spindle cell dominant HS. CR was maintained for more than three years. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that a CR was achieved by AI therapy as first-line treatment for spindle cell dominant HS, combined with focal bone palliative irradiation. AI therapy could be an effective option as chemotherapy for HS.

Atypical femoral hernia called Laugier's hernia: clinical features, radiological findings, and management at a single center.

PURPOSE: Laugier's hernia is a rare clinical entity compared with a typical femoral hernia. Therefore, the clinical features, radiological findings, and appropriate treatment strategies remain largely unclear. In this study, we present 15 Laugier's hernia cases. Additionally, we review the relevant literature and discuss the clinical features, radiological findings, and appropriate treatment strategies pertaining to Laugier's hernia compared with a typical femoral hernia. METHODS: Among 1260 hernia patients, we retrospectively enrolled 15 Laugier's hernia patients (1.19%) and 89 femoral hernia patients (7.06%) who underwent herniorrhaphy and compared the demographic characteristics and radiological findings between the two groups. RESULTS: Regarding the patient characteristics, a significant difference was observed in the presence of pain (p < 0.001) and ileus symptoms (p = 0.001). Regarding the hernia characteristics, significant differences were observed in the size of the hernial sac (p = 0.001), contents of the hernial sac (p = 0.003), repositioning of the hernial sac (p < 0.001), and repair with polypropylene mesh (p < 0.001). The characteristic multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) findings enabled the preoperative diagnosis of Laugier's hernia versus conventional femoral hernia. CONCLUSION: Surgeons should be alert to the possibility of atypical femoral hernias while examining femoral hernia or inguinal hernia patients. If Laugier's hernia is suspected, preoperative MDCT is recommended.