ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Haematological cancers are clonal diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, with the distribution pattern not known in our locality. This study aimed to describe the distribution pattern and prevalence of haematological cancers among adults in Abakaliki, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was an 8-year retrospective study in which the hospital records/case notes of adult patients diagnosed and managed for haematological cancers from May 2012 to April 2020 were reviewed. Data obtained were analysed with the SPSS software, version 20. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-five cases of haematological cancers were included in the study, with 72 (53.4%) males and 63 (46.6%) females and male-to-female ratio of 1.1:1. The age range was 18-82 years, with a mean age of 49 ± 17 years. Lymphoid malignancies predominate more than myeloid (101 [74.8%] vs. 34 [25.2%]). The leukaemias were more predominant than the lymphomas and myeloma accounting for 48.2%, 36.3% and 7.4%, respectively. Chronic leukaemias were more common than the acute leukaemias with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) being the most common accounting for 24.4% of haematological cancers. In general, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was the most common haematologic cancer accounting for 35 (25.9%), followed by CLL 33 (24.4%), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) 17 (12.6%), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) 14 (10.4%) and multiple myeloma (MM) 10 (7.4%). Others include acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) 9 (6.7%) and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) 6 (4.4%). Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and polycythaemia vera (PV), each contributed 3% while myelofibrosis (MF) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET) contributed 1.5% and 0.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that haematological cancers are not uncommon in our locality with NHL being the most common, followed by CLL, CML, HL, MM, ALL, AML, MDS, PV. MF and ET in that order. The burden of haematological cancers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria is therefore significant and should be prioritised in health-care policy formulation and management.
Subject(s)
Hematologic Neoplasms , Leukemia , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Hematologic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nigeria/epidemiology , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Background:A majority of breast lesionisbenignin nature; benignbreast disease is four times more commonin Nigerian women. The percentage of unsatisfactory smears in breast cytology appears to behigher in benign conditions compared to malignant ones.The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of cytopathology in the diagnosis of benign breast disease in our institution.Methodology: This is a prospective study of 96 patients with benign breast disease seen during the study period. The patients were subjected to clinical assessment, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and open biopsy histopathology (as standardreference test).Results:One hundred andseventy-fourpatients with both FNACand histopathology reports were initially evaluated, 96 (55.2%) had benign while the rest (78, 44.8%) harbored malignant lumps. On analysis of the benign lumps, FNAC achieved high sensitivity (98.8%), specificity (96.9%) and overall diagnostic accuracy (98.0%) compared to clinical assessment with values of 83.3% (sensitivity), 82.1% (specificity) and 82.2% (overall diagnostic accuracy). The false positive rate (FPR, 2.3%) and false negative rate(FNR, 1.6%) reported for FNAC were equally better than figures of 14.9% (FPR) and 20.0% (FNR) documented for clinical assessment.Cytopathology was utilized insubclassifying 76 (79.2%) out of the 96 biopsy confirmed benign lumps; 49 slides were correctly typed giving a concordant rate of 64.5%.Conclusion:Fine needle aspiration cytology in our index study showed appreciable concordance with open biopsy histologyin the diagnosis and sub-classification of benign breast disease
Subject(s)
Biopsy , Cell Biology , Needles , NigeriaABSTRACT
P. falciparum malaria in pregnancy was evaluated using histidine-rich proteins-2 RDT and related to HIV infection and hematologic parameters. Prevalence of malaria, HIV and anemia were 19.7%, 3.1% and 17.2% respectively. Primigravidae were significantly more infected with malaria. Malaria was not significantly associated with anemia, blood group, genotype and HIV infection.