[Overexpression of MKRN2 Inhibits the Growth of Ovarian Cancer Cells].

Ovarian cancer has a high mortality with low five-year survival rates. The role of the E3 ligase Makorin ring finger protein 2 (MKRN2) in ovarian cancer is unknown. This study investigated the impact of MKRN2 on the growth of ovarian cancer. MKRN2 expression in ovarian cancer tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of MKRN2 was induced in two ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and CAOV3) by lentivirus transfection, and expression levels were verified by western blotting. Proliferation and growth were determined by CCK-8 and colony formation assays, while migration was examined using transwell assays and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Xenograft tumors of transfected SKOV3 cells were established in mice, and immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assays measured MKRN2 levels and apoptosis in tumor cells. Reduced levels of MKRN2 in cancerous tissue relative to non-cancerous ovarian tissues. Lentiviral-based MKRN2 overexpression in SKOV3 and CAOV3 cells reduced tumor-associated behavior while inducing apoptosis in vitro. In xenograft tumors, MKRN2 overexpression inhibited ovarian cancer growth and increased apoptosis in vivo. These findings imply the MKRN2 involvement in ovarian carcinogenesis and suggest its potential for treating the disease.

Intravitreal conbercept as an adjuvant in vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal conbercept (IVC) in pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: A meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) using online databases was performed. The intraoperative outcome measures were the incidence of intraoperative bleeding and endodiathermy application, and the mean surgical time. The postoperative outcome measures were mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline, postoperative vitreous clear-up time and incidence of recurrent vitreous hemorrhage (VH). RESULTS: Eight RCTs were selected for meta-analysis. They included 409 eyes (215 eyes in IVC group and 194 eyes in no conbercept group). Preoperative IVC application was associated with less intraoperative bleeding and endodiathermy applications (RR = 0.34, 95% CI, 0.23-0.50, P < 0.00001, and RR = 0.26, 95% CI, 0.12-0.56, P = 0.0005) compared to no conbercept. It also shortened surgical time (WMD = -15.87, 95% CI, -22.04 to -9.69, P < 0.00001). In addition, preoperative or intraoperative IVC achieved better BCVA outcome (WMD = -0.37, 95% CI, -0.62 to -0.13, P = 0.003), shorter vitreous clear-up time postoperatively (WMD = -5.44, 95% CI, -6.31 to -4.57, P < 0.00001) and a lower rate of VH recurrence (RR = 0.45, 95% CI, 0.22-0.91, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: IVC is an effective adjuvant in PPV for PDR, with better intraoperative and postoperative outcomes.

Iatrogenic retinal breaks and postoperative retinal detachments in microincision vitrectomy surgery compared with conventional 20-gauge vitrectomy: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of iatrogenic retinal breaks (IRBs) and postoperative retinal detachments (RDs) in microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) compared with 20-gauge (20 G) vitrectomy. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed to find relevant studies and a meta-analysis of the IRBs and postoperative RDs rates after 20 G vitrectomy versus MIVS was conducted. RESULTS: Thirty-two studies were selected, including 14,373 eyes (6932 eyes in the 20 G group, 7441 eyes in the MIVS group). The meta-analysis demonstrated that the incidence of IRBs was significantly higher in 20 G vitrectomy vs. MIVS (OR = 2.22, 95% CI, 1.93-2.57, P < 0.00001) and in a subanalysis vs. 23 G MIVS (OR = 2.19, 95% CI, 1.87-2.56, P < 0.00001) and vs. 25 G MIVS (OR = 2.27, 95% CI, 1.62-3.18, P < 0.00001). Similar result was obtained in a subanalysis for macular surgery (OR = 2.44, 95% CI, 1.99-2.99, P < 0.00001), and also for sclerotomy-related IRBs (OR = 3.73, 95% CI, 2.55-5.44, P < 0.00001), but not for surgically induced posterior vitreous detachment-related IRBs (OR = 1.59, 95% CI, 0.89-2.84, P = 0.12). The incidence of postoperative RDs in 20 G vitrectomy was significantly higher compared to MIVS (OR = 1.72, 95% CI, 1.21-2.46, P = 0.003) and in a subanalysis vs. 23 G MIVS (OR = 2.45, 95% CI, 1.50-4.00, P = 0.0003), but not for 25 G MIVS (OR = 1.01, 95% CI, 0.63-1.64, P = 0.96). Similar result was obtained in a subanalysis for macular surgery (OR = 1.89, 95% CI, 1.26-2.85, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated that MIVS is associated with a lower risk of IRBs and postoperative RDs compared to 20 G vitrectomy.

[Personalized repeat Gamma Knife Radiosurgery treatment in patients with recurrent refractory trigeminal neuralgia].

Objective: To analyze the prognosis and untoward effect in recurrent refractory trigeminal neuralgia (RRTN) patients who underwent repeat Gamma Knife Radiosurgery treatment (GKRS) retrospectively, and to summarize the experience of repeat Gamma Knife Radiosurgery treatment of recurrent refractory trigeminal neuralgia. Methods: RRTN patients who treated with repeat GKRS during 1998.8.1 to 2014.10.1 in Gamma Knife treatment Center of the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were involved. The factors influencing long-term prognosis and facial numbness adverse reactions were statistically analyzed. Results: Therapeutic dose was an independent factor that influence long-term prognosis of RRTN patients. Therapeutic dose was a dangerous factor that influence long-term facial numbness. Interval time between twice GKRS treatment was a favorable factor for facial numbness. Long-term prognosis of repeat GKRS treatment was positively correlated with therapeutic dose. Untoward effect of facial numbness after repeat GKRS treatment was positively correlated with therapeutic dose and negatively correlated with interval time between twice GKRS treatment. Conclusions: Repeat GKRS for RRTN patients is safe and effective, but personalized treatment plan should be given according to the patient's own condition.

[The transfection and expression of retro viral-mediated human FL cDNA in bone marrow stromal cell line].

AIM: The expression of retroviral-mediated FL gene transfer into bone marrow stromal cell line HFCL was studied. METHODS: FLT3 ligand (FL) cDNA was recombined with retroviral vector pLXSN by gene recombination technology. The recombinant plasmid was transferred into retrovirus packaging cell line PA3 17 by lipofectamine, and the resistant clones were selected by G418 selective medium. The mRNA expression in HFCL cells and integration of genome DNA were assayed by RT-PCR and genomic DNA PCR. The biological activity of FL in the culture was investigated by mouse bone marrow CFU-GM assay. RESULTS: The recombinant plasmid pLFSN was successfully constructed. The expression of FL mRNA was detected in HFCL cells. In the genome of these infected target cells, neo gene and FL cDNA were successfully expressed. The biological activity of FL in the culture demonstrated that HFCL cells transfected with FL could significantly augment FL in vitro. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that bone marrow stromal cell lines might become target cells of gene therapy.

[Effects of murine lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells on proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM)].

Murine lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells were generated from spleen cells of C57/BL6 mice by culture of spleen cells in vitro for 72 hours in medium containing 500 units/ml recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL-2), and effects of these LAK cells on proliferation of syngenic myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM) were observed. After 3 days culture, LAK cells were assayed for their cytotoxicity in a 4 hours 51Cr-release test. Either natural killer (NK) cell sensitive YAC-1 lymphoma cells or NK cell resistant LP-3 and WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells were efficiently lysed by murine LAK cells. When LAK cells were added into culture system in a final concentration of 5 x 10(4)/ml, 2 x 10(5)/ml, 8 x 10(5)/ml, CFU-GM were increased by 55.2%, 165.5%, and 194.4% of control respectively. LAK-CM also showed augmentative effect on CFU-GM growth. When 10% (v/v) of LAK-CM were added into culture system, CFU-GM were increased by 51.4% of control, but LAK-CM alone could not stimulate CFU-GM growth. Again, effects of LAK-BMC interaction on CFU-GM formation were investigated. CFU-GM were inhibited to 27.6% of control when 1 x 10(5) BMC were mixed with 8 x 10(5) LAK cells and incubated for 4 hours prior to CFU-GM culture. These data suggest that (1) LAK cells may secrete co-CSF which showed synergistic effect with CSF on CFU-GM proliferation: (2) When LAK cells contact with BMC, they showed significant cytotoxicity to myeloid progenitor cells which mediated decrease of CFU-GM formation.

Modulating activity of B lymphocytes on haemopoiesis (II)--the purification of proliferation amplifying factor (PAF).

In recent years we have done a series of observations on the haemopoietic modulation effects of lymphocytes. Now we report here, for the first time, the purification of a modulating factor (proliferation amplifying factor, PAE) with affinity chromatography and HPLC from supernatant conditioned by a lymphoma cell line M12.4.1. RAF exhibits on SDS-PAGE only one band, the molecular weight is about 31,000, the specific activity is 20,000 times that in the conditioned medium. It may provide a direct evidence that the B lymphocyte also possesses some haemopoietic modulation effects.