ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological surveys on heart failure (HF) in Chinese community are relatively lacking. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of HF among community residents in southern China. METHODS: Baseline data of this prospective study was collected from 2015 to 2017 among 12,013 permanent residents aged ≥ 35 years in Guangzhou, China. The same survey process was carried out for individuals aged ≥ 65 years after a three-year follow-up. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HF in community residents aged ≥ 35 years was 1.06%. Male had significantly higher risk of HF prevalence [odds ratio (OR) = 1.50, P = 0.027]. The gender-adjusted risk of HF was 1.48 times higher per 10 years aging. HF prevalence was statistically associated with atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after adjusting for age and gender (OR = 8.30, 5.17, 1.11, 2.28, respectively; all P < 0.05). HF incidence in individuals aged ≥ 65 years were 847 per 100,000 person-years. Baseline atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, and diabetes mellitus were risk factors for HF incidence for individuals aged ≥ 65 years adjusting for age and gender (OR = 5.05, 3.99, 2.11, respectively; all P < 0.05). Besides, residents with new-onset atrial fibrillation and myocardial infarction were at significantly higher risk of progression to HF (OR = 14.41, 8.54, respectively; all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both pre-existing and new-onset cardiovascular diseases were associated with HF incidence in southern China. Management of related cardiovascular diseases may be helpful to reduce the incidence of HF.
ABSTRACT
A novel series of substituted pyrido[3,2-d]-1,2,3-triazines were designed and synthesized as Pim-1 inhibitors through scaffold hopping. Most of the derivatives showed potent in vitro Pim-1 inhibitory activities and anti-proliferative effects toward prostate cancer cells. Among them, 6b, 6h and 6m showed the best Pim-1 inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.69, 0.60 and 0.80 µM, respectively. Furthermore, compounds 6b, 6i, 6j and 6m showed strong inhibitory activity to human prostate cancer LNcap and PC-3 cell lines with IC50 values at low micromolar level. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that appropriate substitutions at C-6 positions contributed to the kinase inhibition and antiproliferative effects. Moreover, western blot assay suggested that 6j could decrease the levels of p-BAD and p-4E-BP1 in a dose-dependent manner in PC-3 cells. Docking studies showed that 3-N of the scaffold formed a hydrogen bond with Lys67, aromatic 4-aniline formed a key π-π stack with Phe49. Taken together, this study might provide the first sight for developing the pyrido[3,2-d]-1,2,3-triazine scaffold as novel Pim-1 inhibitors.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Drug Design , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/antagonists & inhibitors , Triazines/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Binding Sites , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Humans , Inhibitory Concentration 50 , Molecular Docking Simulation , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/metabolism , Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Protein Structure, Tertiary , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1/metabolism , Triazines/metabolism , Triazines/pharmacologyABSTRACT
To investigate the anticancer effects of ring C in 18ß-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), a series of GA derivatives featured with 9(11)-ene moiety in ring C were designed and synthesized. The structures were confirmed by IR, LC-MS and 1H NMR. Their inhibitory effects towards human prostate cancer PC-3 and leukemia HL-60 cell lines were determined. Most of the derivatives displayed stronger antiproliferative activities than GA. Particularly, compound 14 showed promising anticancer activity with the GI50 values of 4.48 µmol · L(-1) and 1.2 µmol · L(-1) against PC-3 and HL-60 cells respectively, which is worth further study.