Photosynthesis of CH3OH via oxygen-atom-grafting from CO2 to CH4 enabled by AuPd/GaN.

The direct co-conversion of methane and carbon dioxide into valuable chemicals has been a longstanding scientific pursuit for carbon neutrality and combating climate change. Herein, we present a photo-driven chemical process that reforms these two major greenhouse gases together to generate green methanol and CO, two high-valued industrial chemicals. Isotopic labeling and control experiments indicate an oxygen-atom-graft occurs, wherein CO2 transfers one O into the C-H bond of CH4 via photo-activated interfacial catalysis with AuPd nanoparticles supported on GaN. The photoexcited AuPd/GaN interface effectively orchestrates the CH4 oxidation and the CO2 reduction producing 13.66 mmol g-1 of CH3OH yield over 10 h. This design provides a solid scientific basis for the photo-driven oxygen-atom-grafting process to be further extended to visible light region.

Lipid-based nanoparticles via nose-to-brain delivery: a mini review.

Central nervous system disorders significantly affect the lives and health of millions of people worldwide. Despite many therapeutic drugs are available that could potentially target central nervous system disorders, their clinical utility is severely constrained by their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Fortunately, nanotechnology has been advanced to offers a solution to allow drugs reaching the targeted brain regions safely, efficiently, and precisely through nasal drug delivery system (NDDS), bypassing the BBB completely. This strategy can promote the drug accumulated in the targeted brain region, improve drug bioavailability, and minimal side effects and mucociliary clearance effectively. In this review, we elaborate recent advances in the use of lipid-based nanoparticles, involving liposomes, nanoemulsions, nanostructured lipid carriers, and solid lipid nanoparticles. Besides, we particularly introduced the nasal cavity physiological structure, and further summarized the nose-to-brain drug delivery pathways, including olfactory, trigeminal, and blood circulation pathway. Moreover, the mechanism and route of NDDS by various types of nanoparticles are also highlighted.

Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Minisci Reaction Catalyzed by Palladium-Loaded Gallium Nitride.

The decarboxylative Minisci reaction is a versatile tool for the direct C-H alkylation of heteroarenes, where stoichiometric amounts of oxidants or expensive, precious metal reagents are commonly used. Herein, we reported a photodriven decarboxylative Minisci reaction enabled by a gallium nitride-based heterogeneous photocatalyst under mild conditions. This method can be effectively applied to a broad substrate scope of acids, including primary, secondary, and tertiary carboxylic acids and N-heteroarenes effectively. The practicability and robustness of the approach are demonstrated for the functionalization of biologically active compounds.

A light-driven selective protocol for on-demand methanol and formic acid syntheses with a recyclable GaN catalyst.

Herein, we present a protocol for the on-demand preparation of methanol and formic acid via selective photo-oxidation of methane with H2O and O2 catalyzed by GaN. The detailed photosyntheses of methanol or formic acid from CH4/H2O or CH4/H2O/O2 are described, respectively. In addition, we provide experimental details for the accurate quantifications of the final gas/liquid products and photoexcited oxygenated radicals. Finally, we deliver the procedure for scaling up the transformation. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Han et al. (2023).1.

Acceptorless cross-dehydrogenative coupling for C(sp3)-H heteroarylation mediated by a heterogeneous GaN/ketone photocatalyst/photosensitizer system.

Alkanes are naturally abundant chemical building blocks that contain plentiful C(sp3)-H bonds. While inert, the activation of C(sp3)-H via hydrogen atom abstraction (HAT) stages an appealing approach to generate alkyl radicals. However, prevailing shortcomings include the excessive use of oxidants and alkanes that impede scope. We herein show the use of gallium nitride (GaN) as a non-toxic, recyclable, heterogeneous photocatalyst to enable alkyl C(sp3)-H in conjunction with the catalytic use of simple photosensitizer, benzophenone, to promote the desired alkyl radical generation. The dual photocatalytic cycle enables cross-dehydrogenative Minisci alkylation under mild and chemical oxidant-free conditions.

In aqua dual selective photocatalytic conversion of methane to formic acid and methanol with oxygen and water as oxidants without overoxidation.

The direct and selective transformation of naturally abundant methane (CH4) into high-value-added oxygenates, e.g., methanol, ethanol, and formic acid, is one of the "Holy Grails" in chemistry and chemical productions. However, complex mixtures of products, often due to over-oxidations, make such transformations highly challenging. Herein, gallium nitride (GaN), a methane-active semiconductor, catalyzes the photooxidation of methane and empowers the fine-controlling of chemoselectivity toward methanol and formic acids, simply by regulating the O2 content in water. In contrast to previous methods, no overoxidation products (CO2 and CO) were observed in this process. Mechanistic investigations and the corresponding quantitative experiments indicated that the controllable generation of moderately reactive oxygen radicals (•OOH and •OH) in combination with the direct methane activation triggered by GaN is responsible for the highly selective reactivity and tunability through a photo-generated radical process.

Effects of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome on thymus in 130 premature infants / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)on thymus of premature infants.Methods:We collected baseline data from premature infants with gestational age of 28~32 weeks in neonatal intensive care unit of Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019.The largest transverse diameter and the sagittal of thymus were measured by ultrasonography within 24 h of birth, then, the thymic index(TI)and thymic weight index(TWI)were calculated to assess the size of thymus.The preterm neonates were divided into NRDS group and non-NRDS group according to the diagnosic criteria of NRDS, and the two groups were then divided into antenatal corticosteroid administration(ACS)group and non-ACS group according to ACS exposure.We then compared the TI and TWI between these groups.Results:One hundred and sixty-three preterm neonates were enrolled in our study, including 98 NRDS preterm neonates and 65 non NRDS preterm neonates.After matching gestational age and birth weight of the preterm neonates from two groups, 65 preterm neonates with NRDS comprised the NRDS group, and 65 preterm neonates without NRDS served as controls.Preterm neonates in NRDS group had significantly smaller TI[(1.788 ± 0.803)cm 3 vs.(2.420±1.068)cm 3, t=3.818, P<0.01] and TWI[(1.278 ± 0.380)cm 3/kg vs.(1.695 ± 0.491)cm 3/kg, t=5.401, P<0.01] than those in non-NRDS group.Besides, preterm neonates in NRDS group had smaller lymphocytes count[(3.729 ± 1.263)×10 9/L vs.(4.437 ± 1.608)×10 9/L, t=2.789, P<0.01] than that in non-NRDS group.For NRDS preterm neonates, TI[(1.487 ± 0.515)cm 3 vs(2.185 ± 0.942)cm 3, t=3.542, P<0.01] ]and TWI[(1.134± 0.311)cm 3/kg vs(1.469± 0.385)cm 3/kg, t=3.882, P<0.01] in ACS group were significantly smaller than those in non-ACS group.For non-NRDS preterm neonates, TI and TWI in ACS group also were significantly smaller than those in non-ACS group( t=2.676、3.659, P<0.05). Conclusion:NRDS is associated with thymic involution of preterm neonates, and ACS exposure affected the size of thymic in premature infants.

Genetic variation and evolution of influenza viruses isolated from co-infection cases in Guangdong Province / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To analyze and reveal the genetic evolution and variation of influenza viruses in cases of co-infection in Guangdong Province.Methods:Throat swab samples were collected from four cases of H1N1pdm and H3N2 co-infection for viral isolation. The isolated strains were subjected to antigen analysis and neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility test. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect the sequences of strains in three throat swab samples and one virus strain, and then genetic variations were analyzed.Results:Four influenza viruses were isolated with one strain of H1N1pdm and three of H3N2 subtype, and all of them were genetically similar to the vaccine strain in 2022-2023. The HA genes of H1N1pdm and H3N2 strains belonged to clade 6B.1A.5a.2a and 2a.3a.1, respectively. The isolated strains belonged to the same clade as the strains prevalent in Guangdong during the same period. No drug-resistant variations were detected in N1 or N2 gene, and the isolated strains were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir.Conclusions:H1pdm subtype had stronger replication ability than H3 subtype in the influenza viruses isolated from co-infected cases. H1N1pdm and H3N2 subtype influenza viruses were genetically similar to the strains circulating in Guangdong at the same time. The isolated H1N1pdm and H3N2 strains were sensitive to both oseltamivir and zanamivir, indicating that they could continue to be used in the treatment of influenza virus infections caused by one or two genotypes.

Cardiomyocyte Energy Metabolism in Mammalian Cardiac Regeneration / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

Cardiovascular disease， such as coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction， is a leading cause of death globally. Due to the limited proliferative and regenerative capacity of adult mammalian cardiomyocytes （CMs）， any of the current therapies cannot reverse the massive loss of CMs and subsequent fibrosis resulting from cardiac injury. Mammals mainly rely on glycolysis in the embryonic stage and fatty acid oxidation after birth for energy production. Recent reports have indicated that this metabolic pattern switch is closely related to the loss of CM proliferation. In this review， we summarize the biological characteristics of CMs and advances in heart regeneration， meanwhile shed light on the important role of CMs energy metabolism in cardiac regeneration.

Postoperative cardiovascular events and risk factors in older orthopedic patients / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To explore the incidence and risk factors of postoperative cardiovascular events in older orthopedic patients.Methods:The clinical data of 316 older patients undergoing orthopedic surgery from May 2018 to December 2021 in Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The independent risk factors of postoperative cardiovascular events in elderly orthopedic surgery patients were analyzed.Results:Among the 316 elderly orthopedic surgery patients, 10 patients experienced postoperative cardiovascular events (event group), and 306 patients did not experience postoperative cardiovascular events (non-event group). There were no statistical differences in gender composition, age, operation method, American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, operation time, postoperative hospital stay, nutritional status, weakness degree, ability of daily life (ADL) and the proportions of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) + coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) + old myocardial infarction (OMI), hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, old cerebral infarction, peripheral artery stenosis between two groups ( P>0.05). The proportion of coronary heart disease in event group was significantly higher than that in non-event group: 6/10 vs. 19.93% (61/306), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that coronary heart disease was the independent risk factor of postoperative cardiovascular complications in older orthopedic patients ( OR = 4.63, 95% CI 1.22 to 17.56, P<0.05). Conclusions:Accompanying coronary heart disease can increase the incidence of postoperative cardiovascular events in older orthopedic patients, but cardiovascular events do not prolong the length of hospital stay.

A structured narrative review of clinical and experimental studies of the use of different positive end-expiratory pressure levels during thoracic surgery.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to present a review on the general effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels during thoracic surgery by qualitatively categorizing the effects into detrimental, beneficial, and inconclusive. DATA SOURCE: Literature search of Pubmed, CNKI, and Wanfang was made to find relative articles about PEEP levels during thoracic surgery. We used the following keywords as one-lung ventilation, PEEP, and thoracic surgery. RESULTS: We divide the non-individualized PEEP value into five grades, that is, less than 5, 5, 5-10, 10, and more than 10 cmH2 O, among which 5 cmH2 O is the most commonly used in clinic at present to maintain alveolar dilatation and reduce the shunt fraction and the occurrence of atelectasis, whereas individualized PEEP, adjusted by test titration or imaging method to adapt to patients' personal characteristics, can effectively ameliorate intraoperative oxygenation and obtain optimal pulmonary compliance and better indexes relating to respiratory mechanics. CONCLUSIONS: Available data suggest that PEEP might play an important role in one-lung ventilation, the understanding of which will help in exploring a simple and economical method to set the appropriate PEEP level.

Mechanistic Insights into OC-COH Coupling in CO2 Electroreduction on Fragmented Copper.

The carbon-carbon (C-C) bond formation is essential for the electroconversion of CO2 into high-energy-density C2+ products, and the precise coupling pathways remain controversial. Although recent computational investigations have proposed that the OC-COH coupling pathway is more favorable in specific reaction conditions than the well-known CO dimerization pathway, the experimental evidence is still lacking, partly due to the separated catalyst design and mechanistic/spectroscopic exploration. Here, we employ density functional theory calculations to show that on low-coordinated copper sites, the *CO bindings are strengthened, and the adsorbed *CO coupling with their hydrogenation species, *COH, receives precedence over CO dimerization. Experimentally, we construct a fragmented Cu catalyst with abundant low-coordinated sites, exhibiting a 77.8% Faradaic efficiency for C2+ products at 300 mA cm-2. With a suite of in situ spectroscopic studies, we capture an *OCCOH intermediate on the fragmented Cu surfaces, providing direct evidence to support the OC-COH coupling pathway. The mechanistic insights of this research elucidate how to design materials in favor of OC-COH coupling toward efficient C2+ production from CO2 reduction.

Development and application of an online learning platform for nursing ethics: A teaching practice research.

BACKGROUND: It is crucial to diversify the methods for clinical nurses to continue learning nursing ethics in that ethical decision-making ability in nursing is regarded as one of the core competencies in nursing practice. OBJECTIVE: In response to nurses' learning needs for nursing ethics, this study built an online learning platform for the pertinent topic, and tested its effect on improving nurses' ethical decision-making ability and critical thinking ability. DESIGN: A qualitative method was adopted to develop interventions, which were designed as a teaching practice research consisting of a study group and a control group. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 93 nurses, including 20 interviewees and 30 in the study group and 43 in the control group. METHOD: Qualitative methods were employed to understand the learning needs of nurses. The judgment about nursing decisions and the critical thinking disposition inventory, learning effectiveness questionnaire and learning software quality evaluation scale were used as research tools in this teaching practice research. The SPSS 25.0 was adopted to analyze data by paired sample t-test and independent sample t-test. RESULTS: In the measurement of the judgment about nursing decisions scale, the study group scored higher than the control group. The critical thinking disposition inventory scale identified a similar result in the total score incorporating the four dimensions, including analyticity, systematicity, critical thinking self-confidence, inquisitiveness. There is a correlation between learning software quality and learning effect, with a correlation coefficient of 0.640. CONCLUSION: The online learning platform of nursing ethics built in this study has positive learning effects, and it demonstrates effectiveness to improve nurses' abilities in nursing ethics, decision-making and critical thinking. It is expected to be a viable way to improve the continuity of nurses' study of ethics.

Ginger-indirect moxibustion plus acupuncture versus acupuncture alone for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of ginger-indirect moxibustion for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). METHODS: In this central randomized, controlled trial, 290 CFS participants were recruited and randomly allocated to group A (ginger-indirect moxibustion plus acupuncture) or group B (acupuncture alone). The study consisted of a treatment period of 8 weeks with a total of 24 treatments (3 sessions per week, every other day), and a follow-up period of 12 weeks. The outcome was measured by Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Psychological Health Report (SPHERE), the Self-rating depression scale (SDS) and the Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) at baseline, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 20 weeks. RESULTS: With the treatment undergoing, the changes of FSS, SPHERE, SDS and HAMA scores in both groups increased gradually, and the effect maintained at the 12th week. Between groups, significantly higher score changes were seen in group A in FSS after 4 weeks treatment (11.94 9.12, 95%: 0.94, 4.7) and in SPHERE after 2 weeks treatment (3.7 2.27, 95%: 0.56, 2.31). But for SDS and HAMA, the improvement did not differ significantly between groups. No severe adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Ginger-indirect moxibustion is a safe and effective intervention to relieve fatigue and accompanying physical symptoms of CFS.

Recent advance in risk prediction models of post-stroke depression / 中华神经医学杂志

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a common complication after stroke, which seriously affects the quality of life of these patients. Early detection and early treatment can obviously improve the depression of stroke patients. Existing PSD risk prediction models are mostly established based on clinical risk factors, patients' psychosocial factors, imaging factors, biological markers and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation factors. In this paper, the establishment process, prediction performance, deficiencies and development trend of the models are summarized as follows.

Analyzing the prevalence of key occupational hazards in 56 printing enterprises in Shenzhen City / 中国职业医学

@# Objective To investigate the prevalence of the occupational hazard of organic solvent and noise in printing and Methods record medium production enterprises in Longgang District of Shenzhen City. A total of 56 printing and record medium production enterprises were selected as the study subjects by judgmental sampling method to analyze the worksite Results survey of occupational health and the key occupational hazard factors. There were 256 organic solvent samples ， detected in 56 enterprises which included a total of 148 terms and 1 358 categories of volatile constituents. The top three （ ）， - （ ） （ ） volatile constituents were toluene 35.5% n hexane 25.7% and methanol 23.8% . The top three detected samples of the （ ， ， ， ， - ， ，- ， eight key chemical occupational hazard factors benzene toluene xylene ethylbenzene n hexane 1 2 dichloroethane ） ， - ， trichloroethylene and chloroform were toluene n hexane and ethylbenzene. In the workplace air toluene was the most risk ， factor of occupational hazard factors in enterprise and in sample detection while no trichloromethane was detected. The toluene in workplace air was found to exceed the national standard with the rate of 2.6%. It showed that 27.9% of the work sites were found occupational noise hazard which was over national standard in the 10 key work sites. Only 64.3% and 57.1% enterprises - performed occupational hazard factors detection and occupational health examination. Both none or invalid toxicant proof - facilities accounted for 33.9% of the enterprises. Both none or invalid noise proof facilities accounted for 78.6% of the Conclusion ， - enterprises. The occupational hazards factor of toluene n hexane and noise were serious in printing and record ， medium production enterprises in Longgang District of Shenzhen City and the occupational health management was imperfect. The occupational regulation should be enhanced in this industry.

PGC1α plays a pivotal role in renal fibrosis via regulation of fatty acid metabolism in renal tissue / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Renal fibrosis is a common and irreversible pathological feature of end-stage renal disease caused by multiple etiologies. The role of inflammation in renal fibrosis tissue has been generally accepted. The latest view is that fatty acid metabolism disorder contributes to renal fibrosis. peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1α (PGC1α) plays a key role in fatty acid metabolism, regulating fatty acid uptake and oxidized protein synthesis, preventing the accumulation of lipid in the cytoplasm, and maintaining a dynamic balanced state of intracellular lipid. In multiple animal models of renal fibrosis caused by acute or chronic kidney disease, or even age-related kidney disease, almost all of the kidney specimens show the down-regulation of PGC1α. Upregulation of PGC1α can reduce the degree of renal fibrosis in animal models, and PGC1α knockout animals exhibit severe renal fibrosis. Studies have demonstrated that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), MAPK, Notch, tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), non-coding RNA (ncRNAs), liver kinase B1 (LKB1), hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1), and other pathways regulate the expression of PGC1α and affect fatty acid metabolism. But some of these pathways interact with each other, and the effect of the integrated pathway on renal fibrosis is not clear.

Transmissive-detected laser speckle contrast imaging for blood flow monitoring in thick tissue: from Monte Carlo simulation to experimental demonstration.

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a powerful tool to monitor blood flow distribution and has been widely used in studies of microcirculation, both for animal and clinical applications. Conventionally, LSCI usually works on reflective-detected mode. However, it could provide promising temporal and spatial resolution for in vivo applications only with the assistance of various tissue windows, otherwise, the overlarge superficial static speckle would extremely limit its contrast and resolution. Here, we systematically investigated the capability of transmissive-detected LSCI (TR-LSCI) for blood flow monitoring in thick tissue. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we theoretically compared the performance of transmissive and reflective detection. It was found that the reflective-detected mode was better when the target layer was at the very surface, but the imaging quality would rapidly decrease with imaging depth, while the transmissive-detected mode could obtain a much stronger signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for thick tissue. We further proved by tissue phantom, animal, and human experiments that in a certain thickness of tissue, TR-LSCI showed remarkably better performance for thick-tissue imaging, and the imaging quality would be further improved if the use of longer wavelengths of near-infrared light. Therefore, both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that TR-LSCI is capable of obtaining thick-tissue blood flow information and holds great potential in the field of microcirculation research.

Differential diagnosis of pulmonary cavitary lesions in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Pulmonary cavitary lesions in children consist of a group of heterogeneous diseases, mainly caused by infections, and their imaging manifestations can be similar.It is clinically difficult to distinguish them from other lesions such as bullae, cyst, and emphysema.Some scholars have advanced a concept about thin wall(4 mm or less) and thick wall(more than 4mm).People tried to make this distinction by defining cyst as a thin wall and cavity as a thick wall, but there are considerable overlaps between the two categories in etiology and pathophysiology.They are sometimes difficult to distinguish for imageology, and it is still necessary to find the cause of the disease based on the characteristics.This review divides etiology into two categories: infectious and non-infectious etiology.Combined with chest imaging examination, the purpose is to analyze and summarize the features of pulmonary cavitary lesions in children, and provide a diagnostic idea for differentiating various pulmonary cavities to guide clinical treatment.

Concentration of growth factors in platelet rich plasma under different activators / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the effects of different activators and doses on the concentration of growth factor in platelet rich plasma(PRP). 【Methods】 15 healthy volunteers, recruited to prepare PRP by COM.TEC blood cell separator, were divided into 5 groups: PRP group with no activator, Calcium gluconate PRP group, Thrombin 100U/ mL-PRP group, Thrombin 50U/ mL-PRP group, and Thrombin 100U/ml-calcium gluconate -PRP group. The white blood cell count and platelet count in PRP and whole blood were detected. The concentrations of PDGF-AA, TGF-βand VEGF in PRP inactive group and 4 different activators 1 hour after activation were determined by ELISA. 【Results】 The mean concentration of platelets in PRP was 1 462.86×109/L, which was 5.77 times that in the whole blood. The mean concentrations (pg/mL) of PDGF-AA(174 348.00±132 872.39 vs 217 909.67±182 517.96 vs 221 020.38±153 321.51 vs 208 550.35±177 100.47), TGF-β(12 573.14±3 173.20 vs 14 678.45±5 880.96 vs 14 694.39±5 083.90 vs 12 675.65±4 981.83) and VEGF (653.45±489.82 vs 671.61±506.68 vs 690.05±416.13 vs 678.93±501.07) in 4 different activator groups were significantly higher than those in inactivated group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the concentrations of PDGF-AA, TGF-βand VEGF among different activators. Platelet concentration(1 462.86±628.41×109/L) in PRP had a strong positive correlation with PDGF concentration (221 020.38±153 321.51 pg/mL)in thrombin 50 U/ mL-PRP group (P<0.05) and TGF-βconcentration(pg/mL) (12 573.14±3 173.20 vs 14 678.45±5 880.96 vs 14 694.39±5 083.90 vs 12 675.65±4 981.83, respectively) in four different activator groups (P<0.05), but had no correlation with VEGF in each group. 【Conclusion】 PRP was prepared by blood cell separator with high purity. There was no difference in the concentrations of PDGF-AA, TGF-βand VEGF among different activators and different thrombin doses. The correlation between platelet concentration and growth factor concentration in PRP was related to the type of activator and growth factor.