Comparison of clinical effects of coronary artery bypass grafting between left anterior small thoracotomy approach and lower-end sternal splitting approach.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) between the left anterior small thoracotomy (LAST) and lower-end sternal splitting (LESS) approaches for coronary artery disease. METHODS: In total, 110 patients who underwent LAST from October 2015 to December 2020 in Tianjin Chest Hospital were selected as the observation group. Patients who underwent the LESS approach during the same period were analyzed. The propensity score was calculated by a logistic regression model, and nearest-neighbor matching was used for 1:1 matching. RESULTS: The length of hospital stay and ventilator support time were significantly shorter in the LAST than LESS group. The target vessels in the obtuse marginal branch and posterior left ventricular artery branch grafts were significantly more numerous in the LAST than LESS group, but those in the right coronary artery graft were significantly less numerous in the LAST group. CONCLUSIONS: CABG using either the LAST or LESS approach is safe and effective, especially in low-risk patients. The LAST approach can achieve complete revascularization for multivessel lesions and has the advantages of less trauma and an aesthetic outcome. However, it requires a certain learning curve to master the surgical techniques and has specific surgical indications.

Gastrodin inhibits microglia-mediated inflammatory response in isch-emic hypoxic neonatal mice via CCR5/JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effect of gastrodin(GAS)on microglia-mediated inflammatory response after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD)neonatal mice by regulating the expression of JAK1/STAT1 pathway through C-C chemokine recepeor 5(CCR5).METHODS:Forty-eight C57BL/6J mice at about 10 days after birth were randomly divided into sham group,HIBD model group and HIBD+GAS group.BV-2 microglia were divided into control(Con)group,oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD)group,oxygen glucose deprivation with gastrodin intervention(OGD+GAS)group,GAS group,Maraviroc(MVC)group,OGD+MVC group,and OGD+MVC+GAS group.The mRNA expression of CCL4 and CCR5 were detected by RT-qPCR.The protein expression of CCR5,p-JAK1,p-STAT1,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were detected by Western blot.The expression of CCR5,p-JAK1 and p-STAT1 in cells were observed by immunofluorescence staining.RESULTS:(1)Compared with sham group,the expression levels of CCL4 and CCR5 mRNA,and CCR5,p-JAK1 and p-STAT1 proteins were significantly higher in the ischemic side of the corpus callosum in HIBD group(P＜0.05).(2)Compared with Con group,the protein levels of CCR5,p-JAK1 and p-STAT1 significantly increased in BV-2 cells of OGD group(P＜0.05).The protein levels of CCR5,p-JAK1 and p-STAT1 in BV-2 cells of OGD+GAS group were significantly lower than those of OGD group(P＜0.05).(3)Maraviroc did not cause significant BV-2 cell death in the 0～80 μmol/L range.The p-JAK1 and p-STAT1 protein levels in MVC+OGD group were significantly lowered compared with OGD group(P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between MVC+ OGD and OGD+MVC+GAS groups.CONCLUSION:Gastrodin can exert neuroprotective effects via CCR5/JAK1/STAT1 signaling pathway.

Effects of cannabidiol on the expression of Occludin and ZO 1 and the permeability of blood brain barrier in the cerebral cortex of rats with traumatic brain injury / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To ob serve the expression and trends of tight j unction proteins Occludin and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in blood brain barrier (BBB) of rats with traumatic brain injury (TBI) , and to explore the intervention effect of cannabidiol (CBD) on the BBB . @*Methods @#The TBI model of rat was prepared by modified “Feeney free fall method ”and randomly divided into three groups : the sham operated group ( Sham group) , the model group (TBI + vehicle group) and the CBD intervention group ( TBI + CBD group) , with 24 rats in each group . Each group was subdivided into six time points : 8 h , 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 and 7 d after injury. The expression of Occludin and ZO-1 , which are closely related to the permeability of BBB , was detected by immunohistochemistry , immuno fluorescence staining and Western blot at different points . The permeability of BBB was detected by sodium fluores cein assay.@*Results @#The results of immunohistochemistry showed that compared with Sham group , the positive ex pression of Occludin and ZO-1 decreased with time after brain trauma ( P < 0.05) , and both reached the lowest level at 2 d . The expression levels of Occludin and ZO-1 were up regulated after 1 d of CBD intervention ( P < 0.05) . Immunofluorescence staining showed a similar trend to Western blot results , with Occludin and ZO-1 fluo rescence expression intensity and protein expression reduced after TBI compared with Sham group ( P < 0.05 ) . And the expression levels of Occludin and ZO-1 were up regulated after 2 d of CBD intervention (P < 0.05) . The results of fluorescein sodium experiment showed that the BBB integrity of brain tissue was destroyed after TBI , and the permeability increased after TBI (P < 0.01) . The permeability of BBB decreased after CBD intervention (P < 0.05) . @*Conclusion @#The expression of tight junction proteins O ccludin and ZO-1 decreases after TBI , and the permeability of BBB is disrupted , and CBD intervention reverses the disruption of the BBB by TBI .

Analysis of chest imaging features of novel coronavirus pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia and viral pneumonia / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate and summarize the chest CT imaging features of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), bacterial pneumonia and other viral pneumonia.Methods:Chest CT data of 102 patients with pulmonary infection due to different etiologies were retrospectively analyzed, including 36 patients with COVID-19 admitted to Hainan Provincial People's Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from December 2019 to March 2020, 16 patients with other viral pneumonia admitted to Hainan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2018 to February 2020, and 50 patients with bacterial pneumonia admitted to Haikou Affiliated Hospital of Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine from April 2018 to May 2020. Two senior radiologists and two senior intensive care physicians were participated to evaluated the extent of lesions involvement and imaging features of the first chest CT after the onset of the disease.Results:Bilateral pulmonary lesions were more common in patients with COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia, and the incidence was significantly higher than that of bacterial pneumonia (91.6%, 75.0% vs. 26.0%, P < 0.05). Compared with other viral pneumonia and COVID-19, bacterial pneumonia was mainly characterized by single-lung and multi-lobed lesion (62.0% vs. 18.8%, 5.6%, P < 0.05), accompanied by pleural effusion and lymph node enlargement. The proportion of ground-glass opacity in the lung tissues of patients with COVID-19 was 97.2%, that of patients with other viral pneumonia was 56.2%, and that of patients with bacterial pneumonia was only 2.0% ( P < 0.05). The incidence rate of lung tissue consolidation (25.0%, 12.5%), air bronchial sign (13.9%, 6.2%) and pleural effusion (16.7%, 37.5%) in patients with COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia were significantly lower than those in patients with bacterial pneumonia (62.0%, 32.0%, 60.0%, all P < 0.05), paving stone sign (22.2%, 37.5%), fine mesh sign (38.9%, 31.2%), halo sign(11.1%, 25.0%), ground-glass opacity with interlobular septal thickening (30.6%, 37.5%), bilateral patchy pattern/rope shadow (80.6%, 50.0%) etc. were significantly higher than those of bacterial pneumonia (2.0%, 4.0%, 2.0%, 0%, 22.0%, all P < 0.05). The incidence of local patchy shadow in patients with COVID-19 was only 8.3%, significantly lower than that in patients with other viral pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia (8.3% vs. 68.8%, 50.0%, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of peripheral vascular shadow thickening in patients with COVID-19, other viral pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia (27.8%, 12.5%, 30.0%, P > 0.05). Conclusions:The probability of ground-glass opacity, paving stone and grid shadow in chest CT of patients with COVID-19 was significantly higher than those of bacterial pneumonia, and it was more common in the lower lungs and lateral dorsal segment. In other patients with viral pneumonia, ground-glass opacity was distributed in both upper and lower lungs. Bacterial pneumonia is usually characterized by single lung consolidation, distributed in lobules or large lobes and accompanied by pleural effusion.

The clinical effects of coronary artery bypass grafting via the left anterior small thoracotomy approach versus the lower-end sternal splitting approach: A propensity score matching study / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To compare the clinical effects of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) via the left anterior small thoracotomy (LAST) versus lower-end sternal splitting (LESS) approach in the treatment of coronary heart disease. Methods     The patients who underwent LAST CABG in Tianjin Chest Hospital from October 2015 to December 2020 were allocated to an observation group (LAST group), and the patients who underwent LESS CABG at the same period were allocated to a LESS group. Propensity score matching method was applied with a ratio of 1∶1. The baseline data, perioperative data and grafts data were compared between the two groups after matching. Results     Before matching, there were 110 patients in the LAST group, and 206 patients in the LESS group. After matching, there were 110 patients in each group. In the LAST group, there were 83 males and 27 females with an average age of 60.6±8.3 years. In the LESS group, there were 80 males and 30 females with an average age of 61.0±9.6 years. There was no statistical difference in baseline data between the two groups after matching (P>0.05). The hospital stay time (t=2.255, P=0.025) and ventilator using time (t=−2.229, P=0.027) in the LAST group were significantly shorter than those in the LESS group. There were no statistical differences between the two groups in the postoperative hospital stay time, ICU stay time, postoperative left ventricular ejection fraction, postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, average number of grafts, secondary intubation, secondary thoracotomy, postoperative wound infection, sternal complications, postoperative atrial fibrillation, postoperative pulmonary infection or main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in the distribution of target vessels in the anterior descending branch, diagonal branch or posterior descending branch between the two groups (P>0.05). The grafts of the LAST group were significantly more than those of the LESS group in the area of obtuse marginal branch and posterior ventricular branch, and the grafts of the LESS group were significantly more than those of the LAST group in the area of right coronary artery (P<0.05). Post-operative computerized tomography angiography indicated that 1 patient in the LAST group had obtuse marginal branch vein bridge vessel occlusion, and the bridge vessels in the other patients were unobstructed. Conclusion     Minimally invasive CABG via both LAST and LESS approaches is safe and effective. LAST approach can achieve complete revascularization for multi-vessel lesions, and it is safe and reliable, with the advantages of less trauma and aesthetic appearance. However, it requires a certain learning curve of surgical techniques and certain surgical indications.

The enhanced genomic 6 mA metabolism contributes to the proliferation and migration of TSCC cells / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

In contrast to the well-established genomic 5-methylcytosine (5mC), the existence of N6-methyladenine (6 mA) in eukaryotic genomes was discovered only recently. Initial studies found that it was actively regulated in cancer cells, suggesting its involvement in the process of carcinogenesis. However, the contribution of 6 mA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) still remains uncharacterized. In this study, a pan-cancer type analysis was first performed, which revealed enhanced 6 mA metabolism in diverse cancer types. The study was then focused on the regulation of 6 mA metabolism, as well as its effects on TSCC cells. To these aspects, genome 6 mA level was found greatly increased in TSCC tissues and cultured cells. By knocking down 6 mA methylases N6AMT1 and METTL4, the level of genomic 6 mA was decreased in TSCC cells. This led to suppressed colony formation and cell migration. By contrast, knockdown of 6 mA demethylase ALKBH1 resulted in an increased 6 mA level, enhanced colony formation, and cell migration. Further study suggested that regulation of the NF-κB pathway might contribute to the enhanced migration of TSCC cells. Therefore, in the case of TSCC, we have shown that genomic 6 mA modification is involved in the proliferation and migration of cancer cells.

Vitamin D/vitamin D receptor, autophagy, and infection / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Vitamin D plays an important role in mineral and bone homeostasis, immune responses, cardiovascular function and keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Vitamin D performs most of its functions by binding to vitamin D receptors (VDR), which interact with other intracellular signaling pathways to regulate bone metabolism, inflammation, immunity, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Autophagy is a basic stress response in yeast, plants and mammals, and plays a critical role in maintaining optimal functional states at the level of cells and organs. Vitamin D/VDR plays an anti-infection role via inducing and regulating autophagy.

Cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and its role in treatment of sepsis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) is a neuro-immunomodulatory pathway,in which acetylcholine (ACh) released by the interaction of vagal nerves with α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR),which prevents the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ultimately regulates the local or systemic inflammatory response in a feedback manner. It has been shown that there are many possible effective treatments for sepsis, including vagus nerve stimulation by physical therapy, drugs such as acetylcholine receptor agonist and ultrasound therapy.

Effects of Ketamine on Basal Gamma Band Oscillation and Sensory Gating in Prefrontal Cortex of Awake Rats / 神经科学通报·英文版

Gamma band oscillation (GBO) and sensory gating (SG) are associated with many cognitive functions. Ketamine induces deficits of GBO and SG in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the time-courses of the effects of different doses of ketamine on GBO power and SG are poorly understood. Studies have indicated that GBO power and SG have a common substrate for their generation and abnormalities. In this study, we found that (1) ketamine administration increased GBO power in the PFC in rats differently in the low- and high-dose groups; (2) auditory SG was significantly lower than baseline in the 30 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg groups, but not in the 15 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg groups; and (3) changes in SG and basal GBO power were significantly correlated in awake rats. These results indicate a relationship between mechanisms underlying auditory SG and GBO power.

Advances in the mechanism of vitamin D affecting autophagy / 中华危重病急救医学

Autophagy is a degradative process of eukaryotic cell, which plays a vital role in human health. Autophagy imbalance is associated with many diseases. It has been reported that vitamin D can regulate the autophagy in different levels, including induction, nucleation, as well as elongation to maturation and degradation, which affects the occurrence and development of the disease. However, its action mechanism has not been systematically elaborated, and a deeper understanding of the mechanism of vitamin D-regulated autophagy is helpful to guide the diagnosis and treatment of related diseases. The review described the mechanism of vitamin D affecting autophagy to provide theoretical basis for guiding basic and clinical research.

Current status for animal models of intensive care unit acquired muscle weakness / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Intensive care unit acquired muscle weakness (ICU-AW) is a neuromuscular complication secondary to severe illness. The essence for this disease is skeletal muscle dysfunction. With the development of medical technology, the survival rate for severe patients has been significantly improved. The long term complications for the severe patients with ICU-AW are getting more and more common, and they seriously affect the quality of life and prognosis of patients. However, the current treatment is ineffective. Establishment of ICU-AW animal model is an important way to study the pathogenesis and intervention targets for this disease. There are many risk factors for this disease, and the principles for ICU-AW animal models are not the same at home and abroad, and the methods of preparation are different. The choice of a reasonable animal model is important for the reliability of the results.

Medical Disputes and Classification Solution Mechanism from the Perspective of Petition / 中国医学伦理学

The explosion of medical disputes is the product of modern science and technology,legalism and unreasonable health management systems.In China,petitioning to health administration is an important channel to resolve medical disputes.It is a beneficial attempt to deal with medical disputes by classifying medical disputes from the perspective of petition and formulating the corresponding resolution principles.The classification solution of medical disputes also needs to perfect the relevant supporting system.

Report of three cases of osteomyelitis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei and literature review / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To describe the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of osteomyelitis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei.Methods Three cases of osteomyelitis caused by B.pseudomallei were treated in Haikou People's Hospital affiliated to Xiangya Medical College of Central South University from April 2007 to April 2017.The clinical data were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively.Relevant reports of osteomyelitis due to B.pseudomallei in China and abroad from 2007 to 2017 were comprehensively reviewed.Results The clinical manifestations included hot feeling,redness,swelling,and pain at site of infection.The infection usually occurred in tibia,femur,and skull bone.There were usually multiple lesions,frequently involving spleen,soft tissue and joints.The main imaging finding was osteomyelitis.The diagnosis was confirmed by bacterial culture in all patients.Antimicrobial therapy combined with surgical intervention was the most common approach in the stage of intensive treatment.Ceftazidime,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and carbapenems were the mostly used antibiotics.However,in the stage of bacterial eradication,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline were used.The duration of treatment was very long in both stages.The recurrence was low after standard treatment.Conclusions The osteomyelitis caused by B.pseudomallei lacks specific clinical manifestation.Imaging techniques can identify the site of infection,and bacterial culture helps confirm the diagnosis.Timely and effective antimicrobial therapy combined with surgical intervention can reduce mortality.Full course and standard anti-infective therapy may prevent recurrence.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory mediators in different periods of sepsis in rats / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on inflammatory mediators in different periods of sepsis and its impact on survival rate of rats with sepsis.Methods Ninety male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group (group C),sepsis model group (group S),and DEX treatment group (group D).Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected to the vein to reproduce a classic sepsis model,while in control group,equivalent volume of NS was used instead.Different treatments were given to the corresponding groups,and then venous blood was taken at given intervals.Behavioral changes and mortality rate of rats within 48 hours after experiment were recorded.The levels of the early inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the late inflammatory mediators such as high-mobility group boxl protein (HMGB1) in blood serum were detected by ELISA.Results Among three groups,there were significant differences in mortality rate of rats,the serum level of TNF-αt,IL-6 and HMGB1 (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion DEX has a certain anti-inflammatory effects on early and late stages of sepsis in rats with sepsis,and can also reduce the mortality rate.

Exploration of SHDC in public hospital investor management / 中华医院管理杂志

The paper,based on a review of the reform of state-owned enterprises,and of the duty positioning and supervision of state-owned assets management committee, described experiences of Shanghai Hospital Development Center (SHDC ) in learning from such reforms. Centering onappropriate separation of ownership and power of management and defining public hospitals as key player of state-owned assets,SDHD explored to build a state-owned assets investor system conforming to the institutional positioning,assets category and operating targets of such hospitals.This way a state-owned assets management mode is gradually set up,featuring to make regulations beforehand,to supervise in the course and to supervise afterwards.

Effect of dexmedetomidine on high-mobility group box 1 protein in rats with sepsis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in the serum and spleen in rats with sepsis and the underlying mechanisms.
@*METHODS@#A total of 100 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: a control group, a sepsis group, a DEX group, an α-bungarotoxin- tetramethylrhodamine (α-BGT) plus DEX group and an α-BGT group (n=20 in each group). In the control group, same volume of normal saline (NS) was administrated, while lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected to the vein to develop a classic sepsis model. At the 48th h after LPS injection, the rats were sacrificed, and the blood and spleen were collected. The content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and HMGB1 in blood serum were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA), and the HMGB1 in the spleen was examined by Western blot.
@*RESULTS@#Among the 5 groups, there were statistical significance in the mortality, the serum level of TNF-α and HMGB1, and the content of secreting type of HMGB1 in spleen (all P<0.05), and the serum level of HMGB1 was positively correlated with the content of secreting type of HMGB1 (r=0.863, P<0.05).
@*CONCLUSION@#DEX exert late anti-inflammatory effects in the serum and spleen in rats with sepsis, which is related to the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway.

Research on recovery of the pelvic floor muscle by using electrical stimulation biofeedback system in first-time mothers after natural birth / 中国医学装备

Objective:To observe recovery of the pelvic floor muscle by using electrical stimulation biofeedback system in first-time mothers after natural birth.Methods: One hundred an seventy-two cases of primipara by transvaginal full-term natural birth, less than 35 years old, myodynamiaⅢ or less level were choosed for research object between January 2013 and January 2014 in our hospital. According to admission order, an odd number into the control group, even into the treatment group, 93 cases in each group. Kegel exercise method was used to pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation in control group, on the basis of the treatment in control group, recovery of postpartum pelvic floor muscle was conducted by using electrical stimulation biofeedback apparatus in treatment group. Strength of maternal pelvic floor muscle after recovery was tested with neuromuscular stimulation therapy apparatus and to investigate rate of urinary incontinence and sexual satisfaction in two groups.Results:①The cases ofⅠ,Ⅱ class A and BⅡ pelvic floor muscle fiber restoring toⅣ andⅤ increased significantly after electrical stimulation biofeedback system treatment in treatment group, compared with control group, the difference was statistically significant.The pelvic floor muscle strength increased significantly after treatment in treatment group (P<0.05).②Urinary incontinence rate after treatment for 2 months and 6 months in treatment group was lower significantly than that in control group, sexual life satisfaction was higher significantly than that in control group, differences between groups were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Application of electrical stimulation biofeedback system in the treatment of female pelvic floor muscle dysfunction can enhance the enthusiasm of the patients in treatment and curative effect is reliable, and no obvious complications occurred, is worth further promotion in clinical.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ORTHO-PHTHALALDEHYDE AND GLUTARALDEHYDE FOR DISINFECTION BRONCHOSCOPY / 现代医院

Objective Comparative study of the disinfection expense , turnover rate and the effect on health of ortho-phthalaldehyde and glutaraldehyde used for disinfection of bronchofiberscope , to provide the basis of the promoted application of domestic ortho -phthalaldehyde .Methods Based in turnover time of each bronchofiber-scope, the maxminal disinfection expense in month , the maxminal number of bronchofiberscope in month and the maxminal net value were compared with medical revenue in month .Two different disinfections are calculated .Ques-tionnaires about the effects were sent to twenty workers from the supply room involved in using two different disinfec -tion liquid, and the results were analyzed .Results The disinfection expenses of ortho -phthalaldehyde were higher than that of glutaraldehyde , but bronchofiberscope turnover rate increased by 50%, while medical net revenue in-creased by 40%.According to the questionnaires , the respiratory and conjunctival irritation of the workers were mi-nor, and the symptom of any skin irritation did not appear .Conclusion Although the expense increased , ortho-phthalaldehyde obviously improved the bronchofiberscope turnover rate and medical net revenue ,reduced the staff oc-cupational exposure and equipment residual effects on patients .Thus, ortho-phthalaldehyde is an efficient disinfect-ant that is worthy of being promoted in clinical practice .

Clinical research of treating Alzheimer's disease by Qingkailing injection and donepezil hydrochloric / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the clinical treatment effects of Qingkailing injection on Alzheimer's disease.Methods 84 patients with AD were randomly divided into a control group and a treatment group (n=42 cases,per group). The patients in both groups orally took 5 mg of donepezil hydrochloride every night. The Qingkailing injection of 60 ml was administrated by intravenous drip in addition to oral uptake of donepezil hydrochloride to the treatment group. The total treatment period of both groups was 20 weeks. The MMSE, ADL score, HS-CRP, IL-6, MDA and ox-LDL content and the clinical treatment results and differences in the two groups before and after the treatment were observed.Results After treatment, the serum HS-CRP (4.18 ± 0.38 mg/Lvs. 5.78 ± 0.53 mg/L,t=15.900), IL-6 (34.28 ± 4.33?g/L vs.44.75 ± 4.99?g/L,t=10.270), MDA (6.04 ± 0.98?mol/L vs.7.43 ± 0.69?mol/L,t=7.516), ox-LDL (62.87 ± 7.65?g/L vs.102.56 ± 9.81?g/L, t=26.677) content of the treatment group were significantly decreased than the control group (P<0.01). The total effective rate between the treatment group and the control group had significance difference (83.3%vs.  61.9%;χ2=4.850,P=0.028). The MMSE score in both groups after the treatment were higher than those in the same group(t value were 8.036, 7.475, respectively,P<0.01), ADL scores in both groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment(t value were 7.818, 5.960, respectively,P<0.01), but no significance difference between the two groups(t value were 1.633, 1.710,respectively,P value were 0.106, 0.091, respectively).Conclusion The treatment effect of Qingkailing injection on Alzheimer's disease was sound.

Inhibition of pulmonary nuclear factor -κB and tumor necrosis factor -α expression by diallyl sulfide in rats with paraquat poisoning / 中华危重病急救医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of diallyl sulfide (DAS) in protection against acute lung injury (ALI) in rats with paraquat poisoning.Methods Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely: control group, model group, dexamethasone (DXM) treatment group, and DAS treatment group, with 20 rats in each group. The model of paraquat poisoning was reproduced by single does of 70 mg/kg given by gavage, while the same volume of normal saline (NS) was given in same manner in control group. 100 mg/kg of DAS, the same volume of NS, or 1 mg/kg DXM injection were given respectively in DAS treatment group, model group, or DXM treatment group intraperitoneally after exposure to paraquat, once a day for 14 days. Five rats in each group were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14 days, respectively. The inferior lobe of right lung was harvested, and the degree of lung injury was observed with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining under optical microscope; the upper lobe of right lung was used to determine the lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio and for evaluation of the degree of pulmonary edema. The expression of nuclear factor -κB (NF-κB) in the middle lobe of right lung was assessed with immunohistochemistry. The expression of tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α) mRNA in the left lung was determined with the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results① The pulmonary structure in control group was found to be intact. However, in the model group there were progressive pathological changes in lung, including marked edema and thickening of alveolar walls, collapse of alveoli, infiltration of inflammatory cells, alveolar wall, and obvious bleeding in the local lung tissue, and formation of transparent membrane in alveolar space. Less infiltration of inflammatory cells and no obvious destruction were found in alveolar structure in the DAS and DXM treatment groups.② Lung W/D ratio: lung W/D ratio of model group was apparently higher than that in control group at every time point, and peaking on the 3rd day (6.15±0.54 vs. 4.15±2.10,P< 0.05), and the ratio of lung W/D of DAS and DXM treatment groups was obviously lower than that in model group at every time point, especially on the 3rd day (3.99±1.26, 4.30±0.70 vs. 6.15±0.54, bothP< 0.05), but there was no significant difference between DAS and DXM treatment groups in this regard.③ The immunocytochemistry analysis revealed minimal NF-κBp65 expression in the cell nuclei of the control group, while extensive NF-κBp65 expression was found in model group. Minimal NF-κBp65 positive expression in the cytoplasm and even less positive expression in the nucleus was found in the DAS and DXM treatment groups, and integralA value was significantly lower in the DAS and DXM treatment groups than that of the model group, especially on the 3rd day [(17.98±0.06)×107, (18.53±0.04)×107 vs. (28.85±0.61)×107, bothP< 0.01], but there was no significant difference between DAS and DXM treatment groups.④ It was shown by RT-PCR that the expression of TNF-α mRNA in lung tissue of the model group was significantly higher than that in the control group on the 3rd day (gray value: 3.63±0.62 vs. 0.51±0.13, P< 0.05). The expression of TNF-α mRNA in lung tissue was significantly decreased in DAS and DXM treatment groups compared with model group (gray value: 2.49±0.57, 2.02±0.26 vs. 3.63±0.62, bothP< 0.05), but there was no significant difference between DAS and DXM treated groups.ConclusionTreatment with an intraperitoneally injection of DAS is capable of attenuate the extent of PQ-induced ALI in rats by alleviating pulmonary edema, inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and TNF-α in lung tissue, and ameliorating pathological changes in lung tissue.