Epidemiological dynamics of nephropathia epidemica in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, during the period of 1997-2013.

This report summarizes epidemiological data on nephropathia epidemica (NE) in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia. NE cases identified in the period 1997-2013 were investigated in parallel with the hantavirus antigen prevalence in small rodents in the study area. A total of 13 930 NE cases were documented in all but one district of Tatarstan, with most cases located in the central and southeastern districts. The NE annual incidence rate exhibited a cyclical pattern, with the highest numbers of cases being registered once in every 3-5 years. The numbers of NE cases rose gradually from July to November, with the highest morbidity in adult males. The highest annual disease incidence rate, 64·4 cases/100 000 population, was observed in 1997, with a total of 2431 NE cases registered. NE cases were mostly associated with visiting forests and agricultural activities. The analysis revealed that the bank vole Myodes glareolus not only comprises the majority of the small rodent communities in the region, but also consistently displays the highest hantavirus prevalence compared to other small rodent species.

[Duodenogastral reflux burden gastroesophageal reflux disease].

The article presents research data of duodenogastral reflux (DGR) role in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is shown that in the presence DGR, the reflux esophagitis is detected at a higher frequency and outside of esophageal manifestations of the disease. The comorbidities of hepatobiliary zone and pancreas contributes to the DGR development, as well as the syndrome of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine.

[Factors of local nonspecific lung protection in the time course of acute and lingering pneumonia]. / Faktory mestnoi nespetsificheskoi zashchity legkikh v dinamike ostrykh i zatiazhnykh pnevmoniei.

The indices of local nonspecific lung protection in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cells were studied in 20 patients with acute pneumonia and 20 patients with lingering pneumonia. In acute pneumonia, the cellular and humoral links of local protection were found to have an adequate responsiveness and to preserve their protective properties during conventional therapy. In lingering pneumonia, the phagocytic and microbicidal properties of alveolar macrophages and the levels of lysozyme and sIgA in the bronchoalveolar lavage were lower. In the patients with lingering pneumonias who underwent a course of conventional therapy, these indices fail to recover to a greater extent, neutrophilic lung remained high. Correspondingly, the values of neutrophilic infiltration, macrophageal phagocytic and microbicidal activities and the levels of lysozyme and sIg-A may be serve as markers of the lingering course of acute pneumonias.

[Use of extracts of Glycerrhiza glabra L. in the correction of some indices of local nonspecific defense in patients with protracted pulmonary pneumonia]. / Primenenie ékstrakta solodki goloi pri korrektsii nekotorykh pokazatelei mestnoi nespetsificheskoi zashchity legkikh u bol'nykh zatiazhnoi pnevmoniei.

Results are presented of studies on local nonspecific defence in patients with protracted pneumonia in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during the course of conventional therapy involving the use of T-activin and extractum Glycerrhiza glabra L. The course of conventional therapy has not been shown to be associated with a substantial normalization of cytosis in the BALF cell precipitate or augmentation of sIgA content of lysozyme. T-activin makes for a reduction in the content of mature neutrophilous granulocytes and for an increase in humoral factors of defence. Extractum Glycerrhiza glabra L. has been found to be superior to T-activin in diminishing neutrophilic granulocytes count, increase in the BALF content of macrophages, lysozyme, s IgA; it proved to be endowed with an antiphospholipase activity, which facts predetermine apperant efficacy of the drug with respect to the lung local defence system in those patients presenting with protracted pneumonia.

[The inhibiting effect of cimetidine on a number of enzymes]. / Ingibiruiushchee vliianie tsimetidina na riad fermentov.

The results of the comparative study on the contents and activity of the enzymes of the system of oxidases of mixed function in the lungs and liver in rabbits, the specific features of phospholipid spectrum in the supernatant and microsomal fractions of the lungs and liver tissues are presented. The same parameters were investigated in experimental chronic inflammatory diseases of the lungs. The degree of the damage of the monoxygenase capacity of the lungs and the degree of the liver involvement in the process were established. The peculiarities of the inhibitory action of cimetidine on the detoxication capacity of the lungs and liver and on the disorder of the reproduction of phospholipids in these organs were revealed. The substrate specificity of cimetidine in inhibition of microsomal NADPN-cytochrome-C-reductase both in the liver and in the lungs, the probability of blocking the synthesis of phospholipids at the level of phosphatide acid and citidinephosphatecholine were noted. The results obtained should be taken into consideration during drug therapy.