ABSTRACT
Snakebite envenomation (SBE) is a public health issue in Africa, unfortunately neglected and underestimated. SBE is a medical emergency that can be devastating and lifethreatening. A retrospective study was performed from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 in the general medicine department of the Regional Hospital Center (CHR), Sokodé. We included 91 SBE accounting for 5.7% of the whole hospitalizations in the general medicine department at the CHR of Sokodé. The median age of the patients was 34 [23.5-42] with male predominance (59%). Farming activities (75%) and walking (24%) were the most frequent activities when SBE happened, and they occurred mostly in rural areas (80%) during the dry season (56%). Echis genus (37%) belonging to the Viperidae family was the king of snake most often identified. Hospital admission time after a bite often exceeded 24 hours (44%). Clinical manifestations resulted in 76 cases of viper syndrome (83%) and 7 cases of dry bites (8%). Antivenom was administered in 84 cases (92%) within 12 hours (54%) after the bite with a minimum dose of 20 mL (43%). Observed complications were severe anemia (19 cases) and diffuse hemorrhage (32 cases). Case fatality rate was 9%. Antivenom is critical in cases of obvious SBE. High cost and poor access of antivenom, in addition to delayed care due to traditional treatment seeking behavior, are factors of poor prognosis.
Il s'agit d'une étude rétrospective des envenimations par morsure de serpent qui s'est déroulée du 1er janvier 2016 au 31 décembre 2016 dans le service de médecine générale du CHR de Sokodé. En un an, 91 envenimations par morsure de serpent ont été incluses. Leur fréquence dans le service de médecine générale du CHR de Sokodé était de 5,7 %. L'âge médian des patients était de 34 ans [23,5-42] avec une prédominance masculine (59 %). Les travaux agricoles (75 %) et les déplacements pédestres (24 %) représentaient les circonstances de morsure survenant surtout en milieu rural (80 %) et pendant la saison sèche (56 %). Le genre Echis (37 %) appartenant à la famille des Viperidae était le serpent le plus souvent identifié. Le délai d'admission à l'hôpital après une morsure dépassait souvent les 24 heures chez 44 % des patients. Nous avons observé 76 syndromes vipérins (83 %) ; sept morsures blanches (8 %). L'immunothérapie antivenimeuse a été administrée dans 84 cas (92 %) dans un délai d'administration de 12 heures ou plus après la morsure (54 %) et une dose minimale de 20 ml (43 %). Les complications étaient marquées par une anémie sévère (19 cas) et des hémorragies diffuses (32 cas). Huit patients (9 %) sont décédés. L'immunothérapie antivenimeuse est indispensable en cas de signes évidents d'envenimation. Son coût élevé et son accessibilité parfois difficile associés au retard de prise en charge en raison du recours aux soins traditionnels en première intention sont des facteurs de mauvais pronostic.
Subject(s)
Snake Bites , Viperidae , Animals , Antivenins/therapeutic use , Hospitals , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Retrospective Studies , Snake Bites/diagnosis , Snake Bites/epidemiology , Snake Bites/therapy , TogoABSTRACT
Introduction : L'initiation tardive du Traitement Anti-Rétroviral (TAR) est fréquente dans les pays à ressources limitées, où la plupart des individus ne connaissent pas leur statut sérologique jusqu'à ce qu'ils soient symptomatiques.Matériel et méthodes : Il s'est agi d'une étude transversale et analytique, qui s'est déroulée du 1er janvier 2016 au 31 décembre 2016 dans le service de médecine générale du Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR) de Sokodé, le service de référence dans la prise en charge de l'infection à VIH dans la région centrale du Togo.Résultats : Cent-neuf patients dont 15 enfants (13,8%) ont été inclus dans la file active du service de médecine générale du CHR de Sokodé par l'initiation du TAR. La moyenne d'âge des patients était de 32,38 ans [1-59 ans] avec une prédominance féminine (67,9%). La majorité des patients était classée aux stades III (60 cas ; 55%) et au stade IV (11 cas ; 10,1%). Les manifestations cliniques ou affections opportunistes étaient dominées par la diarrhée chronique (15 cas), la fièvre prolongée inexpliquée (12 cas) et la candidose oropharyngée (12 cas). Le taux moyen des CD4 des patients était de 328,54 cellules/mm3 [0-2216 cellules/mm3] et la co-infection VIH-VHB a été retrouvée dans 13,8% (n = 15). L'association Ténofovir (TDF) - Lamivudine (3TC) - Efavirenz (EFV) (87,2% ; n = 95) a été la plus prescrite pour l'initiation du TAR.Conclusion : Le profil des patients infectés par le VIH à l'initiation du TAR à Sokodé est caractérisé par un stade avancé de l'infection à VIH
Subject(s)
Chelation Therapy , Cytotoxicity, Immunologic , Patient Care , Sickness Impact Profile , TogoABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to describe the course and the etiologic, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects of effusive pericarditis (EP) in Togo. MATERIAL ANDMETHODS: Prospective and longitudinal study conducted at the cardiology department of Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lome from February 1, 2011, to January 31, 2014, of patients hospitalized for EP, confirmed by Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: The study included 38 patients. The hospital incidence rate of EP was 2.0%. The mean age was 42.5 ± 14.9 years (range: 16 to 73 years) with a sex ratio of 0.7. Exertional dyspnea, poor general condition, chest pain, and fever were the main symptoms. Pericardial effusion was abundant in 24 patients (63%). The Koch bacillus was identified on direct examination in five patients (13%) and only from sputum. HIV serology was positive in 18 patients (47%). Pericardial fluid was collected from 24 patients (63%). Pathology examinations of pericardial tissue found nonspecific inflammation in 5 patients and pericardial tuberculosis in 7. The causes of EP were: tuberculous (55%), idiopathic (16%), bacterial (8%), HIV-related (5%), uremic (5%), neoplastic (5%), lupus (3%), and rheumatic (3%). CONCLUSION: EFP is a frequent, serious, even deadly disease in Africa because of the HIV-AIDS pandemic. Treatment depends on the cause, most often tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Pericardial Effusion , Pericarditis , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Pericardial Effusion/complications , Pericardial Effusion/diagnosis , Pericardial Effusion/etiology , Pericardial Effusion/therapy , Pericarditis/complications , Pericarditis/diagnosis , Pericarditis/etiology , Pericarditis/therapy , Prospective Studies , Togo , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the different gastrointestinal manifestations encountered in adult patients with HIV infection in a gastroenterology department in Togo. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This one-year (2011) prospective, descriptive study included all adult HIV-positive patients admitted to our department. Patients not known to be HIV-positive before admission were tested after informed consent. RESULTS: 82 (8.4% of departmental admissions) HIV-positive patients participated in the study. Their mean age was 38.78 years ± 9 years, and they were mainly women (sex-ratio = 0.82). The reasons for consultation were mainly asthenia (39%), weight loss (35.4%), and vomiting (34.1%). Their histories included tuberculosis (4%), jaundice (4%), and herpes zoster (2%). Nearly all (91%) had CD4 counts below 350 cells/L, and most (80%) were treated with antiretroviral agents (ARV) before admission. Most patients were also chronic alcoholics (72%) and took traditional herbal treatments (55%). General symptoms included deterioration of the general condition (77%) and conjunctival pallor (48%). Physical signs included ascites (32%) and hepatomegaly (29%). All patients were positive for HIV-1; 30% were co-infected with HBV and 1.2% with HCV. The main diagnoses were hepatobiliary diseases (46%), including cirrhosis (24.4%), acute toxic hepatitis (12%), and hepatocellular carcinoma (6.1%). Of the latter, one also had lung metastases. Esophageal diseases included candidal esophagitis (24%), and the gastric diseases, two gastric ulcers (2%) and one case of gastric cancer. The primary disease of the colon and small bowel was acute gastroenteritis (38%). Peritoneal conditions were all tuberculosis (7%), and pancreatic involvement was acute pancreatitis (2%).
