ABSTRACT
Human serum transferrin (Tf) is a bilobed glycoprotein whose function is to transport iron through receptor-mediated endocytosis. The mechanism for iron release is pH-dependent and involves conformational changes in the protein, thus making it an attractive system for possible biomedical applications. In this contribution, two powerful X-ray techniques, namely Macromolecular X-ray Crystallography (MX) and Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), were used to study the conformational changes of iron-free (apo) and iron-loaded (holo) transferrin in crystal and solution states, respectively, at three different pH values of physiological relevance. A crystallographic model of glycosylated apo-Tf was obtained at 3.0 Å resolution, which did not resolve further despite many efforts to improve crystal quality. In the solution, apo-Tf remained mostly globular in all the pH conditions tested; however, the co-existence of closed, partially open, and open conformations was observed for holo-Tf, which showed a more elongated and flexible shape overall.
Subject(s)
Transferrin/ultrastructure , Binding Sites/physiology , Crystallography, X-Ray/methods , Glycosylation , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Iron/metabolism , Models, Molecular , Protein Binding/physiology , Protein Conformation , Scattering, Small Angle , Serum/chemistry , Serum/metabolism , Transferrin/metabolism , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
El propósito general de este trabajo se encuadra en la línea de investigaciones que pretenden elevar los niveles de calidad de las estrategias preventivas en el consumo de cannabis, analizando la eficacia diferencial de los programas escolares al variar el perfil de las personas encargadas de implementarlos. Para ello, compara los resultados de la aplicación de tres programas de prevención escolar sobre el consumo de cannabis y las actitudes hacia su consumo, en función del tipo de aplicador empleado. La muestra se compuso de 280 alumnos de 1º de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), distribuidos en siete condiciones experimentales: seis de tratamiento (grupos experimentales) y otra en lista de espera (grupo control). Los grupos experimentales estuvieron determinados por la existencia de dos factores: Tipo de programa (programa Construyendo Salud, programa Saluda, programa Barbacana y Grupo Control) y tipo de Agente de aplicación (profesor habitual o psicólogo externo). Los profesores obtienen mejores resultados cuando aplican los programas Barbacana y Saluda, y los psicólogos cuando aplican el programa Construyendo Salud, tanto en el consumo de cannabis como en las actitudes relacionadas. Los resultados hallados apuntan hacia un efecto de interacción entre el tipo de programa y el tipo de aplicador.
The aim of this work is fitted in line with research that intended to raise levels of quality of preventive strategies developed, analyzing the differential effectiveness of the school-based programs depending on the application agent. This study analyses the effects of three school-based prevention programs on cannabis use and attitudes towards drugs use as a function of provider type. Two hundred eighty students from the first year of Secondary Education were distributed among seven experimental conditions: six treatment conditions (experimental groups) and waiting list condition (control group). Experimental groups were determined by two factors: Type of program (Construyendo Salud program, Saluda program, Barbacana program and Control Group) and Type of provider (regular teacher or external psychologist). The teachers applying the Barbacana and Saluda programs and psychologists applying the Construyendo Salud program obtain better outcomes in both cannabis use and attitudes. The results point out an interaction effect between type of program and type of applicators.
ABSTRACT
A adolescência é uma fase desenvolvimental marcada por desafios. No sentido de conhecer melhor as estratégias que os adolescentes utilizam para lidar com o stress, pretendeu-se com este estudo apresentar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Estratégias de Coping na Adolescência (
Adolescence is a developmental period marked by challenges. In order to better understand the strategies that adolescents use to cope with stress, it is intended with this study to present the psychometric properties of the Adolescent
La adolescencia es un periodo de desarrollo marcado por los desafíos. En el presente estudio se presentan las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Estrategias de Afrontamiento en la Adolescencia (
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Psychometrics , Stress, Physiological , AdolescentABSTRACT
A adolescência é uma fase desenvolvimental marcada por desafios. No sentido de conhecer melhor as estratégias que os adolescentes utilizam para lidar com o stress, pretendeu-se com este estudo apresentar as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Estratégias de Coping na Adolescência (Burnett & Fanshawe, 1997), testada junto de uma amostra de adolescentes portugueses, explorando diferenças em função do género e da idade. Os resultados permitiram encontrar uma estrutura factorial válida e com consistência interna genericamente adequada. Os dados permitem perceber diferenças nas estratégias de coping, com as moças a procurar mais apoio dos outros e melhoria pessoal, enquanto os rapazes utilizam mais frequentemente drogas ou o humor. Em função da idade verificouse uma relação positiva com o uso de substâncias e diminuição da procura de apoio da família e de profissionais. Os dados são discutidos à luz da literatura e implicações para a prática são apresentadas.
Adolescence is a developmental period marked by challenges. In order to better understand the strategies that adolescents use to cope with stress, it is intended with this study to present the psychometric properties of the Adolescent Coping Strategies Scale (Fanshawe & Burnett, 1997), tested with a sample of Portuguese adolescents, exploring differences by gender and age. The results allowed to find a valid and generally adequate internal consistency factor structure. The data allow to discern differences in coping strategies, with the girls to seek more support from others and personal improvement, while boys more often use of drugs or humor. We found a positive relationship between age and substance use and decreased demand for support from family and professionals. The data are discussed according to literature and implications for practice are presented.
La adolescencia es un periodo de desarrollo marcado por los desafíos. En el presente estudio se presentan las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Estrategias de Afrontamiento en la Adolescencia (Fanshawe y Burnett, 1997) con el fin de comprender mejor las estrategias que utilizan los adolescentes para hacer frente al estrés. El instrumento ha sido probado en una muestra de adolescentes portugueses, explorando las diferencias por sexo y edad. Los resultados permitieron encontrar una estructura factorial con una consistencia interna válida y adecuada. Los datos permiten discernir las diferencias en las estrategias de supervivencia, donde las chicas tienden a buscar más apoyo de los demás y la mejora personal, mientras que los chicos emplean más a menudo el consumo de drogas o el demanda del humor. Dependiendo de la edad se verifica una relación con el consumo de sustancias y la disminución de la demanda de apoyo familiar y profesional. Los datos se analizan en base a la literatura y se presentan las implicaciones para la práctica.