An ergonomic evaluation of pannists.

Instrumentalists and specifically percussionists have been found to develop musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to the nature of their work. This study aimed to assess the MSD risk factors associated with playing the steel pan, which was invented in Trinidad and Tobago in the 20th century. A sample of 13 pannists and 13 non-pannists completed a modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire and data analysis included multiple correlations, Student's t test, the Moore-Garg strain index and calculation of compressive force at the L5/S1 vertebrae. The prevalence of pain was found to be greater among the pannists; a strain index of 22.78 was calculated and the compressive force was determined to be 4507.8 N, which indicated that pannists have a high risk of developing MSDs of the upper limbs and lower back. The risk factors identified for the development of MSDs were similar to those of previous studies.

Do the concepts of "life course approach" and "developmental origins of health and disease" underpin current maternity care? Study protocol.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the knowledge of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) concepts among midwives and obstetricians and to identify barriers and facilitators for clinicians to engage women and their partners before or early in pregnancy on risk factors associated with DOHaD, and thus to embed the concept of DOHaD in routine clinical practice. METHODS: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews will be conducted in Ghana, India, Pakistan, Brazil, the UK, and USA in collaboration with the International Confederation of Midwives and the International Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Participants will be contacted via email and telephone interviews will be conducted until data saturation followed by inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Findings from this exploratory study will provide new knowledge about the perspectives of midwives and obstetricians on DOHaD and their role in preventing the intergenerational passage of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk and improving preconception care. CONCLUSION: This study will help us understand the current use of DOHaD principles in international maternity care and how this can be improved. Bringing DOHaD to clinical practice will help healthcare practitioners adopt a long-term approach in the prevention of NCDs and childhood obesity and will help women to enter pregnancy in optimum health.