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1.
BMC Ophthalmol ; 24(1): 60, 2024 Feb 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38347443

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Inherited retinal dystrophies are hereditary diseases which have in common the progressive degeneration of photoreceptors. They are a group of diseases with clinical, genetic, and allelic heterogeneity. There is limited information regarding the genetic landscape of inherited retinal diseases in Mexico, therefore, the present study was conducted in the northeast region of the country. METHODS: Patients with inherited retinal dystrophies were included. A complete history, full ophthalmological and medical genetics evaluations, and genetic analysis through a targeted NGS panel for inherited retinal dystrophies comprising at least 293 genes were undertaken. RESULTS: A total of 126 patients were included. Cases were solved in 74.6% of the study's population. Retinitis pigmentosa accounted for the most found inherited retinal disease. Ninety-nine causal variants were found, being USH2A and ABCA4 the most affected genes (26 and 15 cases, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The present study documents the most prevalent causative genes in IRDs, as USH2A, in northeastern Mexico. This contrasts with previous reports of IRDs in other zones of the country. Further studies, targeting previously unstudied populations in Mexico are important to document the genetic background of inherited retinal dystrophies in the country.


Subject(s)
Retinal Dystrophies , Retinitis Pigmentosa , Usher Syndromes , Humans , Mutation , Mexico/epidemiology , Retinal Dystrophies/epidemiology , Retinal Dystrophies/genetics , Retinitis Pigmentosa/genetics , Pedigree , ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
2.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 1097, 2024 01 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38212604

ABSTRACT

Outdoor exposure is considered the primary modifiable risk factor in preventing the development of myopia. This effect is thought to be attributed to the light-induced synthesis and release of dopamine in the retina. However, until recent years, there was no objective quantifiable method available to measure the association between time spent outdoors and myopia. It is only recently that the conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) area, serving as a biomarker for sun exposure, has begun to be utilized in numerous studies. To provide a comprehensive summary of the relevant evidence pertaining to the association between the CUVAF area and myopia across different geographic regions and age groups, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. The search encompassed multiple databases, including MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, WEB OF SCIENCE, and SCOPUS, and utilized specific search terms such as "conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence", "CUVAF", "UVAF", "objective marker of ocular sun exposure", "myopia", "degenerative myopia", and "high myopia". The bibliographic research included papers published between the years 2006 and 2022. A total of 4051 records were initially identified, and after duplicates were removed, 49 articles underwent full-text review. Nine articles were included in the systematic review. These studies covered myopia and outdoor exposure across different regions (Australia, Europe and India) with a total population of 3615 individuals. They found that myopes generally had smaller CUVAF areas compared to non-myopes. The meta-analysis confirmed this, revealing statistically smaller CUVAF areas in myopic patients, with a mean difference of - 3.30 mm2 (95% CI - 5.53; - 1.06). Additionally, some studies showed a positive correlation between more outdoor exposure and larger CUVAF areas. In terms of outdoor exposure time, myopic patients reported less time outdoors than non-myopic individuals, with a mean difference of - 3.38 h/week (95% CI - 4.66; - 2.09). Overall, these findings highlight the connection between outdoor exposure, CUVAF area and myopia, with regional variations playing a significant role. The results of this meta-analysis validate CUVAF as a quantitative method to objectively measure outdoor exposure in relation with myopia development.


Subject(s)
Myopia , Ultraviolet Rays , Humans , Ultraviolet Rays/adverse effects , Sunlight/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Conjunctiva , Myopia/epidemiology , Biomarkers
3.
Transl Vis Sci Technol ; 12(4): 2, 2023 04 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37014649

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To design and validate a high-sensitivity semiautomated algorithm, based on adaptive contrast image, able to identify and quantify tear meniscus height (TMH) from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images by using digital image processing (DIP) techniques. Methods: OCT images of the lacrimal meniscus of healthy patients and with dry eye are analyzed by our algorithm, which is composed of two stages: (1) the region of interest and (2) TMH detection and measurement. The algorithm performs an adaptive contrast sequence based on morphologic operations and derivative image intensities. Trueness, repeatability, and reproducibility for TMH measurements are computed and the algorithm performance is statistically compared against the corresponding negative obtained manually by using a commercial software. Results: The algorithm showed excellent repeatability supported by an intraclass correlation coefficient equal to 0.993, a within-subject standard deviation equal to 9.88, and a coefficient of variation equal to 2.96%, and for the reproducibility test, the results did not show a significant difference as the mean value was 244.4 ± 114.9 µm for an expert observer versus 242.4 ± 111.2 µm for the inexperienced observer (P = 0.999). The method strongly suggests the algorithm can predict measurements that are manually performed with commercial software. Conclusions: The presented algorithm possess high potential to identify and measure TMH from OCT images in a reproducible and repeatable way with minimal dependency on user. Translational Relevance: The presented work shows a methodology on how, by using DIP, it is possible to process OCT images to calculate TMH and aid ophthalmologists in the diagnosis of dry eye disease.


Subject(s)
Dry Eye Syndromes , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Humans , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Tears , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnostic imaging , Algorithms , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
4.
Life (Basel) ; 13(3)2023 Mar 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36983878

ABSTRACT

Body temperature is one of the key vital signs for determining a disease's severity, as it reflects the thermal energy generated by an individual's metabolism. Since the first study on the relationship between body temperature and diseases by Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich at the end of the 19th century, various forms of thermometers have been developed to measure body temperature. Traditionally, methods for measuring temperature can be invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive. In recent years, great technological advances have reduced the cost of thermographic cameras, which allowed extending their use. Thermal cameras capture the infrared radiation of the electromagnetic spectrum and process the images to represent the temperature of the object under study through a range of colors, where each color and its hue indicate a previously established temperature. Currently, cameras have a sensitivity that allows them to detect changes in temperature as small as 0.01 °C. Along with its use in other areas of medicine, thermography has been used at the ocular level for more than 50 years. In healthy subjects, the literature reports that the average corneal temperature ranges from 32.9 to 36 °C. One of the possible sources of variability in normal values is age, and other possible sources of variation are gender and external temperature. In addition to the evaluation of healthy subjects, thermography has been used to evaluate its usefulness in various eye diseases, such as Graves' orbitopathy, and tear duct obstruction for orbital diseases. The ocular surface is the most studied area. Ocular surface temperature is influenced by multiple conditions, one of the most studied being dry eye; other diseases studied include allergic conjunctivitis and pterygium as well as systemic diseases such as carotid artery stenosis. Among the corneal diseases studied are keratoconus, infectious keratitis, corneal graft rejection, the use of scleral or soft contact lenses, and the response to refractive or cataract surgery. Other diseases where thermographic features have been reported are glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinal vascular occlusions, intraocular tumors as well as scleritis, and other inflammatory eye diseases.

5.
Eur J Ophthalmol ; 33(3): 1367-1372, 2023 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34240643

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Evaluate the clinical outcomes of the secondary piggyback add-on IOL implantation in the ciliary sulcus for pseudophakic patients previously implanted with a monofocal IOL, who pursue a spectacle-free option after IOL surgery. METHODS: A prospective case series including seven pseudophakic patients who underwent an in-the-bag monofocal IOL implantation. All eyes underwent a piggyback IOL implantation of the new sulcus designed A4 AddOn IOL in the ciliary sulcus as a secondary procedure for pseudophakic patients pursuing a spectacle-free option for near and intermediate distance after IOL surgery. RESULTS: Seven eyes from six patients were included in this study, from which 4 (71.43%) were female, with a mean age of 58.33 ± 3.5 years (range 54-63; 95% CI 54.66, 62.01). The postoperative spherical equivalent at the 3-month visit was -0.10 m ± 0.82. Also, the UDVA was 0.11 ± 0.08 logMAR, the UIVA 0.01 ± 0.03, and the UNVA 0.01 ± 0.03 3 months after their surgical procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The A4 AddOn multifocal IOL's secondary piggyback implant is an efficient alternative for monofocal pseudophakic patients seeking presbyopia solutions. This sulcus-designed IOL provides an optimal visual outcome for near and distance vision.


Subject(s)
Lenses, Intraocular , Multifocal Intraocular Lenses , Phacoemulsification , Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Male , Lens Implantation, Intraocular/methods , Visual Acuity , Prosthesis Design
6.
Front Genet ; 13: 1057846, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36468032

ABSTRACT

Chromatin maintenance and remodeling are processes that take place alongside DNA repair, replication, or transcription to ensure the survival and adaptability of a cell. The environment and the needs of the cell dictate how chromatin is remodeled; particularly where and which histones are deposited, thus changing the canonical histone array to regulate chromatin structure and gene expression. Chromatin is highly dynamic, and histone variants and their chaperones play a crucial role in maintaining the epigenetic regulation at different genomic regions. Despite the large number of histone variants reported to date, studies on their roles in physiological processes and pathologies are emerging but continue to be scarce. Here, we present recent advances in the research on histone variants and their chaperones, with a focus on their importance in molecular mechanisms such as replication, transcription, and DNA damage repair. Additionally, we discuss the emerging role they have in transposable element regulation, aging, and chromatin remodeling syndromes. Finally, we describe currently used methods and their limitations in the study of these proteins and highlight the importance of improving the experimental approaches to further understand this epigenetic machinery.

7.
Ophthalmic Genet ; 43(4): 561-566, 2022 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35410579

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Retinoblastoma (Rb) most frequently presents as a unilateral sporadic disease up to 40% of cases, however, arise from a monoallelic germline pathogenic variant. Only 10% of the germline mutations are inherited, and high penetrance is seen in up to 90% of these cases. As an effort to optimize counseling and screening, mutations are classified according to inheritance patterns. However, RB1 spectrum is highly heterogeneous, and information for unaffected carriers remains scarce. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Mexican family of a 5-month-old patient diagnosed with Rb was studied. The family consisted of five individuals (father, mother, and three siblings). Genetic testing using a next-generation sequencing assay targeting RB1 with oligonucleotide baits designed to capture its exons and 20 bases flanking intronic sequences was performed in every family member. Clinical history and a complete ophthalmological examination (best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, macular optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography angiography, and electrophysiological studies) were performed in members testing positive to RB1 mutation. RESULTS: The father and her five-month-old daughter tested positive for a non-synonymous RB1 mutation c.459del (p.Lys154Serfs*21). The girl presented with bilateral retinoblastoma, successfully treated with cryotherapy and intravenous chemotherapy. The father had no relevant findings on imaging studies or ophthalmologic evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes a rare case of a novel low-penetrance RB1 germline mutation. Long-term follow-up of the father will include periodic evaluation of the eyes and orbits, and surveillance for systemic sarcoma and secondary malignancies. Implications for unaffected individuals need to be further studied.


Subject(s)
Retinal Neoplasms , Retinoblastoma , DNA Mutational Analysis , Exons , Female , Germ-Line Mutation , Humans , Infant , Male , Mutation , Penetrance , Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Retinal Neoplasms/genetics , Retinal Neoplasms/pathology , Retinoblastoma/diagnosis , Retinoblastoma/genetics , Retinoblastoma/pathology , Retinoblastoma Binding Proteins/genetics , Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics
8.
Semin Ophthalmol ; 37(3): 324-329, 2022 Apr 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34402380

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the agreement on biometric data obtained using the Verion image-guided surgery system and the swept-source-OCT biometer IOL Master 700. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients underwent biometry using the SS-OCT and the Image-Guide System. The comparison between instruments was assessed using the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Level of Agreement (LoA) employing the Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS: The image-based system produced significantly higher keratometry values, evidencing a low LoA between the SS-OCT and the image-based system, ranging from -1.30 D to 0.65 D (1.95 D), -1.04 D to 0.72 D (1.76 D), and -1.31 D to 0.65 D (1.96 D), respectively. The LoA for the Cylinder ranged from -0.46 D to 0.74 D (1.2 D) and from 0.82 to 0.94 mm for WTW. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the SS-OCT biometer and the Image-based System evidenced statistically significant differences in measuring the main biometric parameters except for the WTW.


Subject(s)
Cataract , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Axial Length, Eye/anatomy & histology , Biometry/methods , Humans , Interferometry/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods
9.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 20729, 2021 10 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34671059

ABSTRACT

Many recent studies have showed that morphological changes are one of the key signs of meibomian gland disease (MGD). These changes can be seen even before symptom onset, potentially underestimating the prevalence of MGD; however, until now, there is no conclusive information about the impact of meibomian gland (MG) morphology in tear film physiology and disease. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anatomical and morphological MG alterations between patients with evaporative dry eye disease (DED) and healthy controls. Retrospective chart review of seventy-five patients with evaporative DED and healthy individuals who had dry eye assessments included Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire, meibum quality, meibum expressibility, lid margin abnormality, ocular staining, non-invasive tear film break-up time, and meibography. We did not find significant differences in MG alterations in the upper lid between healthy and DED subjects. Patients with evaporative DED presented MG alterations in the lower lid more frequently than healthy subjects (54.8 vs. 30.3%; p = 0.03). The presence of shortened glands was the only MG alteration that was more prevalent in the lower lid in dry-eye patients than in healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Subjects with evaporative DED presented more alterations in the lower lid than healthy subjects.


Subject(s)
Dry Eye Syndromes/physiopathology , Meibomian Glands/physiology , Adult , Eyelid Diseases/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Male , Meibomian Gland Dysfunction/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tears/physiology
10.
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus ; 58(5): 287-291, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34180283

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease symptoms and contact lens wear in Mexican high school students. METHODS: A cross-sectional association study included a group of high school students who were selected from a random sampling of classrooms. The authors used the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire as a surrogate measure for dry eye disease symptoms, and contact lens wear was also investigated. RESULTS: Seven hundred fifty-nine students with a mean age of 16.12 ± 0.96 years were surveyed and 55.7% of the students were girls (423 of 759). The average OSDI score was 25.11 ± 20.61 points. Girls had higher scores (28.25 ± 21.48 points) than boys (21.14 ± 18.74 points), and the difference was statistically significant (P < .001). Forty-three students (6.1%) wore contact lenses and had higher OSDI scores (34.26 ± 23.13 and 24.51 ± 20.31 points, respectively) and the difference was also statistically significant (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms of mild and moderate dry eye disease are prevalent in high school students and, as reported in previous studies, girls are more affected than boys. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2021;58(5):287-291.].


Subject(s)
Dry Eye Syndromes , Adolescent , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Prevalence , Schools , Students , Surveys and Questionnaires
11.
Eye Contact Lens ; 47(6): 335-340, 2021 Jun 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33239503

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compare the measurement of the meibomian gland (MG) dropout between two infrared meibographers in patients with and without dry eye. METHODS: The right eyelids of each patient were imaged using the Antares and Cobra meibography devices. All images were analyzed using Phoenix software to calculate the percentage of the MG dropout. Lipid layer thickness, eyelid margin characteristics, ocular surface staining, MG secretion, number of expressible glands, and noninvasive tear breakup time were also evaluated. A comparison between nondry eye and evaporative dry eye was performed. RESULTS: Eighty participants (mean age, 36.93 years and 51.3% women) were included, of which 67.5% had nondry eye. A significant difference was observed in the dropout percentage of the superior eyelid between the Antares and Cobra devices (P=0.007) for all participants and when only the nondry eye patients were examined. In patients with dry eye, no significant differences were found in the dropout measurements of both eyelids. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences in the MG dropout percentage in the upper eyelid of nondry eye patients were obtained from both meibographers. The measurements were similar in patients with dry eye, suggesting that the two instruments can be interchanged.


Subject(s)
Dry Eye Syndromes , Eyelid Diseases , Adult , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Eyelid Diseases/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Lipids , Male , Meibomian Glands/diagnostic imaging , Staining and Labeling , Tears
12.
BMC Ophthalmol ; 20(1): 272, 2020 Jul 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32646387

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: To investigate and contrast the prevalence of dry eye symptoms in construction workers and office workers using the OSDI questionnaire. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted using the OSDI questionnaire to evaluate dry eye symptoms and associated risk factors. Sampled size calculation with a power of 80% and a 95% degree of confidence suggested the inclusion of 298 participants. RESULTS: We studied 304 subjects (149 construction workers and 155 office workers). More than half (55%) of the participants presented dry eye symptoms (OSDI > 12). The average OSDI score was 21.30 ± 22.20 points, being lower in the group of construction workers (12.45 ± 17.50) than in-office workers (28.51 ± 22.99) (p <  0.001). Considering participants who had moderate and severe symptoms (23 to 100 points in OSDI), office workers presented dry eye symptoms 4.15 times more frequently than construction workers (OR 4.15, 95% CI 2.52, 6.85). Women presented statistical evidence of higher OSDI scores than men (32.47 ± 23.72 vs. 14.87 ± 18.48, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: construction workers have four times less risk of presenting dry eye symptoms than people working in the average office space. This highlights the pernicious effects on the ocular surface of the office environment, which poses a significant risk for the development or worsening of dry eye symptoms.


Subject(s)
Dry Eye Syndromes , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosis , Dry Eye Syndromes/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tears
13.
Rev. Eugenio Espejo ; 14(1): 8-17, 20200615.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1116636

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: caracterizar las posiciones recurrentes en terceros molares a través del análisis ortopantomográfico en pacientes del Centro Especializado en Odontología "Dr. Mario Cerda e Hijos" en la ciudad de Riobamba durante el periodo 2015-2018. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio de tipo observacional, descriptivo y de corte transversal, en el que se analizaron ortopantomografías de pacientes del entorno de investigación. Se trabajó con la totalidad de la población, constituida por de 172 radiografías, analizando la posición de 688 terceros molares, en pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 15 a 50 años. Los datos fueron recolectados a partir de la técnica de la medición, utilizando el negatoscopio y la regla milimetrada, los que fueron agrupados según las clasificaciones de Winter y de Pell y Gregory. Resultados: de 688 terceros molares analizados, el 48,1% se observó en posición vertical, seguido de la posición mesioangular con el 31,2%; clase II con 43,3%, clase I en 31,8% y clase III con 18,8%; nivel B con 35,6%, nivel C en 34,9% y nivel A con 23,4%. Conclusión: la posición vertical, la clase I y el nivel C, resultaron más frecuente en los terceros molares del maxilar; mientras que en la mandíbula fueron la posición mesioangular, la clase II y el nivel B.


Objective: to characterize the recurrent positions in third molars through the orthopantomographic analysis in patients of the Specialized Center in Dentistry "Dr. Mario Cerda e Hijos" in the city of Riobamba-Ecuador during the period 2015-2018. Material and Methods: an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was carried out, in which orthopantomographies of patients were analyzed in this research. The studied population was made up of 172 radiographs, the position of 688 third molars was analyzed in patients aged between 15 to 50 years. Considering the technique, the data collected was the measurement using the negatoscope and the millimeter ruler, which were grouped according to the Winter and Pell and Gregory classifications. Results: 688 third molars were analyzed, the 48.1% was observed in vertical position, followed by the mesioangular position with 31.2%; class II with 43.3%, class I in 31.8% and class III with 18.8%; level B with 35.6%, level C with 34.9% and level A with 23.4%. Conclusion: The vertical position, class I and level C were more frequent in the maxillary third molars; while in the mandible they were the mesioangular position, class II, and level B.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Orthodontics , Radiography, Panoramic , Molar, Third , Surgery, Oral , Dentistry , Molar
14.
Rev. Eugenio Espejo ; 14(1): 28-40, 20200615.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1117185

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar los ángulos de convergencia en preparaciones dentarias para coronas realizadas en tipodontos, por estudiantes de décimo semestre de Odontología Unach. Las preparaciones dentales para coronas poseen características de retención y resistencia, principios fundamentales que ofrecen éxito y longevidad de la corona definitiva. Varios investigadores a nivel mundial han desarrollado diversos métodos para evaluar los ángulos de convergencia de las preparaciones extracoronarias; sin embargo, en nuestro medio, no existen estudios acerca de la medición de estos ángulos. Esta investigación fue de carácter experimental, transversal y observacional, se obtuvieron 32 preparaciones dentarias para coronas de recubrimiento completo, cada estudiante tuvo 60 minutos para tallar dos preparaciones dentarias en simuladores clínicos. Los tipodontos fueron escaneados y digitalizados mediante el escáner CAD-CAM Ceramill Database versión 1.0 año 2010 del Laboratorio "BrothersDent" para producir imágenes tridimensionales. El software iTero midió los ángulos vestíbulo-lingual (VL) y mesio-distal (MD) de cada preparación. Los ángulos más pequeño y más grande observados fueron 3.1° y 102.5° para molares mandibulares. El promedio del ángulo VL para dientes anteriores fue 40,38 ±4,38° en varones y 36,97 ±3,95° en mujeres y el promedio del ángulo MD fue 44,68 ±5,51° en varones y 40,08 ±3,99° en mujeres. Para dientes posteriores el promedio VL fue 27,46 ±7,82° en varones y 40,98 ±4,63° en mujeres; y el promedio del ángulo MD fue 40,73 ±5,95° en varones y 50,62 ±7,00° en mujeres. En conclusión, los ángulos de convergencia logrados por estudiantes fueron mayores que los ideales recomendados según Shillingburg.


This research aimed to analyze the angles of convergence in dental preparations for crowns performed on typodont, by 10th semester students of school of dentistry, UNACH. Dental preparations for crowns have retention and resistance characteristics, fundamental principles that offer success and longevity of the final crown. Various researchers worldwide have developed various methods to evaluate the convergence angles of extra coronary preparations; however, in our context, there are no studies on the measurement of these angles. This research was experimental, cross-sectional and observational, 32 dental preparations were obtained for fully covered crowns, each student had 60 minutes to carve two dental preparations in clinical simulators. The typodonts were scanned and digitized using the scanner CAD-CAM Ceramill Database version 1.0 - 2010 of "BrothersDent" Laboratory in order to produce three-dimensional images. The iTero software measured the vestibule-lingual (VL) and mesio-distal (MD) angles of each preparation. The smallest and largest angles observed were 3.1 ° and 102.5 ° for mandibular molars. The mean VL angle for anterior teeth was 40.38 ± 4.38 ° in males and 36.97 ± 3.95 ° in females, and the mean MD angle was 44.68 ± 5.51 ° in males and 40, 08 ± 3.99 ° in women. For posterior teeth the average VL was 27.46 ± 7.82 ° in men and 40.98 ± 4.63 ° in women; and the mean MD angle was 40.73 ± 5.95 ° in men and 50.62 ± 7.00 ° in women. In conclusion, the convergence angles achieved by students were greater than the recommended ideals according to Shillingburg.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Computer-Aided Design , Crowns , Molar , Research , Students, Dental , Tooth
15.
Rev. Eugenio Espejo ; 14(1): 53-64, 20200615.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1117189

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio fue de tipo observacional comparativo; para lo cual se analizaron 40 cepillos dentales de la marca OralDent, los que fueron usados durante un mes por los integrantes de la Cooperativa de taxis "Simón Bolívar" de la ciudad de Riobamba, Ecuador; con el propósito de comparar la eficacia del ácido acético al 5% y la clorhexidina al 0,12% como desinfectantes. El análisis microbiológico arrojó la presencia de microorganismos en los cepillos dentales usados por los individuos que voluntariamente los cedieron para el estudio, tales como: C. albicans en mayor proporción, seguida de S. viridans, S. epidermidis y S. mutans, A. tubingensis, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, E. faecalis, P. vulgaris. En las muestras con concentraciones de microorganismos de 100.000 UFC/mL, una vez generado el proceso de desinfección con clorhexidina al 0,12% existió una disminución a valores menores de 20.000 UFC/mL o su eliminación completa. El ácido acético al 5% logró una asepsia en el 100% de los cepillos dentales sin importar la edad o el género del individuo que lo utilizó.


The present study was of a comparative observational type. 40 OralDent toothbrushes were analyzed for this reserach, which were used for a month by the members of the "Simón Bolívar" Taxi Cab Company in the city of Riobamba, Ecuador. It aimed to compare the efficacy of 5% acetic acid and 0.12% chlorhexidine as disinfectants. The microbiological analysis showed the presence of microorganisms in the toothbrushes used by the individuals who voluntarily gave them up for the study, for exmaple: C. albicans in a greater proportion, followed by S. viridans, S. epidermidis and S. mutans, A. tubingensis, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, E. faecalis, P. vulgaris. Once the disinfection process with 0.12% chlorhexidine was generated in the samples with microorganism concentrations of 100,000 CFU / mL, there was a decrease to values less than 20,000 CFU / mL or its complete elimination. 5% acetic acid achieved asepsis in 100% of toothbrushes regardless of the age or gender of the individual who used it.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Chlorhexidine , Disinfection , Acetic Acid , Asepsis , Microbiological Techniques , Disinfectants
16.
Int Ophthalmol ; 40(5): 1261-1267, 2020 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31974824

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Meibography is a diagnostic test that allows in vivo evaluation of meibomian gland (MG). Nowadays, it is unknown whether the two available computer programs are equivalent to evaluate the glandular loss area. METHODS: This is a prospective, longitudinal, and observational study. A random selection of meibography photographs from healthy patients from the ocular surface clinic at Destellos de Luz foundation is made. The upper eyelid images were taken with the Antares® meibography (CSO, Florence, Italy); they were classified in five sessions with a week of separation between each measurement by an expert observer for each program, Phoenix (MAGL) and ImageJ (LAGB). An analysis of the meibomian gland loss area was performed, calculating it semiautomatically with Phoenix and manually with ImageJ. Intra-observer agreement was assessed through an intra-class correlation coefficient and the mean of standard deviations within subjects. Comparison between the two computational programs MG loss was made trough a nonparametric test. RESULTS: Fifty-four images from x patients (n, 67.3% female) were analyzed. The limits of concordance analysis between the two programs showed a range between - 18.55 and 9.14%. The mean MG loss area through ImageJ by observer 1 was 27.91 ± 14.82% (IC 95% 23.87 to 31.96), and that by observer 2 was 29.05 ± 15.17% (95% CI 24.91 to 33.19). The mean MG loss area through Phoenix by observer 1 was 24.48 ± 13.97% (IC 95% 20.67 to 28.29), and that by observer 2 was 24.93 ± 12.70% (95% CI 21.46, 28.40) CONCLUSIONS: The comparison of the measurement of meibomian gland loss with both programs showed a statistically significant difference. Intra-observer repeatability and inter-observer repeatability were good, with no clinical or statistical difference.


Subject(s)
Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted/methods , Eyelids/pathology , Meibomian Gland Dysfunction/diagnosis , Meibomian Glands/pathology , Software , Tears/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Meibomian Gland Dysfunction/metabolism , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Young Adult
18.
Neurochem Res ; 44(7): 1745-1754, 2019 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31073968

ABSTRACT

Increased levels of circulating fatty acids, such as palmitic acid (PA), are associated with the development of obesity, insulin resistance, type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, these diseases are linked to an increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, mild cognitive impairment and even Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise actions of elevated PA levels on neurons and their association with neuronal metabolic disruption that leads to the expression of pathological markers of AD, such as the overproduction and accumulation of the amyloid-ß peptide, represent an area of intense investigation. A possible molecular mechanism involved in the effects of PA may be through dysfunction of the NAD+ sensor enzyme, SIRT1. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the effects of PA metabolism on the function of SIRT1 and the upregulation of BACE1 in cultured hippocampal neurons. PA reduced the total amount of NAD+ in neurons that caused an increase in p65 K310 acetylation due to inhibition of SIRT1 activity and low protein content. Furthermore, BACE1 protein and its activity were increased, and BACE1 was relocated in neurites after PA exposure.


Subject(s)
Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases/metabolism , Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases/metabolism , Hippocampus/metabolism , NAD/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Palmitic Acid/pharmacology , Sirtuin 1/metabolism , Acetylation , Animals , Rats, Wistar , Transcription Factor RelA/chemistry , Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism , Up-Regulation
19.
Cir Cir ; 86(1): 44-49, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30951042

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Corneal pachymetry is widely used for refractive surgery and follow up in keratoconus, accurate measurement is essential for a safe surgery. OBJECTIVE: To assess intraobserver reliability of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements using optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR) technology and its agreement with ultrasonic pachymeter (US). METHOD: Randomized and prospective comparative evaluation of diagnostic technology. One randomly healthy eye of subjects was scanned three times with both devices. Intraobserver within-subject standard deviation (Sw), coefficient of variation (CVw) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were obtained for reliability analysis; for study agreement, data were analyzed using the paired-sample t test and the Bland-Altman LoA method. The mean of three scans of each equipment was used to assess the LoA. RESULTS: The study enrolled 30 eyes of 30 subjects with average age of 28.70 ± 8.06 years. For repeatability, the Sw were 3.41 and 5.96 µ, the intraobserver CVw was 2 and 4% and ICC 0.991 and 0.988, for OLCR and US respectively. The mean CCT difference between OLCR and US was 8.90 ± 9.03 µ (95% confidence interval: 5.52-2.27 µ), and the LoA was 35.40 µ. CONCLUSIONS: OLCR technology provided reliable intraobserver CCT measurements. Both pachymetry measurements may be used interchangeably with minimum calibration adjustment.


ANTECEDENTES: La paquimetría corneal es ampliamente utilizada para la cirugía refractiva y el seguimiento de pacientes con queratocono. La medición exacta es esencial para una cirugía refractiva segura. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la reproducibilidad intraobservador en la medición del grosor corneal central (GCC) utilizando reflectometría óptica de baja coherencia (OLCR) y su concordancia con la paquimetría ultrasónica. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo, comparativo y aleatorizado de una tecnología diagnóstica. Se midió de forma aleatorizada un ojo de cada sujeto en tres ocasiones con ambos equipos. Para el análisis de fiabilidad se obtuvieron la desviación estándar (DE) intrasujeto, el coeficiente de variación (CV) y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI). Para el estudio de concordancia se analizaron los datos usando una prueba t pareada simple, además de los límites de acuerdo de Bland-Altman (LA). Para la evaluación de los LA se utilizó el promedio de las tres mediciones de cada equipo. RESULTADOS: El estudio incluyó 30 ojos de 30 sujetos con una edad promedio de 28.70 ± 8.06 años. Para la repetibilidad, la DE intrasujeto fue de 3.41 y 5.96µ, el CV del 2 y el 4%, y el CCI de 0.991 y 0.988, para el OLCR y el paquímetro ultrasónico, respectivamente. La diferencia del GCC promedio entre el OLCR y el paquímetro ultrasónico fue de 8.90 ± 9.03µ (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 5.52-2.27µ), y el LA fue de 35.40µ. CONCLUSIONES: La tecnología de OLCR proporciona medidas del GCC intraobservador fiables. Ambas mediciones paquimétricas pueden usarse de forma intercambiable con mínimos ajustes de calibración.


Subject(s)
Cornea/diagnostic imaging , Corneal Pachymetry/methods , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Ultrasonography , Young Adult
20.
Rev. enferm. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 27(2): 64-72, Abr-Jun 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1015111

ABSTRACT

Introducción: en el mundo hay aproximadamente 1800 millones de jóvenes entre los 10 y 24 años de edad, los cuales constituyen 25% del total de la población mundial. Esto genera un potencial de avance económico y social y, en consecuencia, un incremento en la incidencia de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT), infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y adicciones. Objetivo: analizar en estudiantes universitarios de nuevo ingreso el nivel de autopercepción de capacidades de autocuidado (CAc) ante las ECNT, la salud sexual y reproductiva (SSyR) y prevención de adicciones con base en la teoría del déficit de autocuidado. Métodos: estudio analítico correlacional en una muestra por conveniencia de 2342 estudiantes de nuevo ingreso. Se utilizó un instrumento diseñado y validado en el año 2015 para identificar las CAc en ECNT, SSyR, y prevención de adicciones, con un alfa de Cronbach de 0.88. Asimismo, se hizo un análisis bivariado, con las pruebas no paramétricas U de Mann-Whitney, H de Kruskal-Wallis y ANOVA de Kruskal-Wallis. También se empleó la prueba de correlación Rho de Spearman (p < 0.05). Resultados: el nivel de autopercepción de los estudiantes en cuanto a sus CAc fue bueno (61%) ante las ECNT, la SSyR y la prevención de adicciones. Se encontró que el nivel de autopercepción de CAc es diferente entre los estudiantes de las tres divisiones académicas (p = 0.000). Conclusiones: aunque la autopercepción de las CAc en los estudiantes tiene un nivel bueno, es necesario que durante la trayectoria académica se promuevan hábitos de vida saludables.


Introduction: In the world there are approximately 1800 million young people between 10 and 24 years, which constitute 25% of total world population. This creates a potential for economic and social advance and, consequently, an increase in the incidence of chronic non- communicable diseases (CNCDs), sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and addictions. Objective: To analyze the level of self-perception of self-care skills (SCS) in new university students in the presence of CNCDs, sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and addiction prevention. Methods: Correlational analytical study in a convenience sample of 2342 new students. An instrument designed and validated in 2015 was used to identify SCSs in CNCDs, SRH, and addiction prevention, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.88. It was performed a bivariate analysis, with non-parametric tests Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA. It was used Rho Spearman's correlation test (p < 0.05) as well. Results: The level of self-perception of the students in terms of their SCSs was good (61%) in the face of CNCDs, SRH and addiction prevention. It was found that the level of self-perception of SCSs is different among the students of the three academic divisions (p = 0.000). Conclusions: Although self-perception of SCS in the students is at a good level, it is necessary the promotion of healthy habits of living during the academic career.


Subject(s)
Humans , Self Care , Self Concept , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Chronic Disease , Healthy Lifestyle , Noncommunicable Diseases , Smoking Prevention , Habits , Mexico
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