Integrative Metabolomic and Lipidomic Profiling of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma for Characterization of Metabolites and Intact Lipid Species Related to the Metastatic Potential.

SQCC is a major type of NSCLC, which is a major cause of cancer-related deaths, and there were no reports regarding the prediction of metastatic potential of lung SQCC by metabolomic and lipidomic profiling. In this study, metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of lung SQCC were performed to predict its metastatic potential and to suggest potential therapeutic targets for the inhibition of lung SQCC metastasis. Human bronchial epithelial cells and four lung SQCC cell lines with different metastatic potentials were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and direct infusion-mass spectrometry. Based on the obtained metabolic and lipidomic profiles, we constructed models to predict the metastatic potential of lung SQCC; glycerol, putrescine, ß-alanine, hypoxanthine, inosine, myo-inositol, phosphatidylinositol (PI) 18:1/18:1, and PI 18:1/20:4 were suggested as characteristic metabolites and intact lipid species associated with lung SQCC metastatic potential. In this study, we established predictive models for the metastatic potential of lung SQCC; furthermore, we identified metabolites and intact lipid species relevant to lung SQCC metastatic potential that may serve as potential therapeutic targets for the inhibition of lung SQCC metastasis.

Potentials of truffles in nutritional and medicinal applications: a review.

Truffles, the symbiotic hypogeous edible fungi, have been worldwide regarded as a great delicacy because of their unique flavor and high nutritional value. By identifying their bioactive components such as phenolics, terpenoids, polysaccharides, anandamide, fatty acids, and ergosterols, researchers have paid attention to their biological activities including antitumor, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective activities. In addition, numerous factors have been investigating that can affect the quality and productivity of truffles to overcome their difficulty in culturing and preserving. To provide the information for their potential applications in medicine as well as in functional food, this review summarizes the relevant literature about the biochemical composition, aromatic and nutritional benefits, and biological properties of truffles. Besides, various factors affecting their productivity and quality as well as the preservation methods are also highlighted.

Characterization and classification of rat neural stem cells and differentiated cells by comparative metabolic and lipidomic profiling.

It is necessary to characterize and classify neural stem cells (NSCs) and differentiated cells (DCs) for potential use of NSC to treat neurodegenerative diseases. We therefore performed an analysis of NSCs and DCs using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and direct infusion mass spectrometry (DI-MS) with elaborate multivariate statistical analysis for the characterization and classification of rat NSCs and DCs. GC-MS and DI-MS detected a total of 92 metabolites and lipids in NSCs and DCs, and the levels of 72 of them differed significantly between NSCs and DCs. The optimal model for partial least squares (PLS) discriminant analysis was constructed by applying 3 and 2 PLS components with a unit-variance scaling method for classifying NSCs and DCs based on the data obtained in the GC-MS and DI-MS analyses, respectively. The obtained results from PCA and PLS-DA suggest that creatinine, lactic acid, lysine, glutamine, glycine, pyroglutamic acid, PG 18:1/20:2, PS 18:0/20:2, PI 18:0/20:3, PC 16:0/20:4, PI 16:0/20:4, and PI 18:1/20:4 were the main contributors that provided distinct characteristics of NSCs and DCs. The results of this study suggest objective and complementary criteria for the characterization and classification of NSCs and DCs for potential clinical applications. Graphical abstract.

Phycobiliproteins Production Enhancement and Lipidomic Alteration by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Culture.

This study aimed to improve the production of phycobiliproteins using TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The growth characteristics of Synechocystis cells were not affected by TiO2 NPs treatment, but this treatment increased the chlorophyll content significantly by 62.2% (14.6 mg/L) compared to that of control (9.0 mg/L) on day 16. Phycocyanin production was increased by 33.8% (29.3 g/L) compared to that of control (21.9 g/L) on day 8. Allophycocyanin production was increased by 55.0% (6.2 g/L) compared to that of control (4.0 g/L) on day 8, and by 22.4% (16.4 g/L) compared to that of control (13.4 g/L) on day 16. Direct infusion mass spectrometry revealed that TiO2 NPs treatment significantly increased the levels of major thylakoid membranes of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (18:2/18:3, 18:2/18:2, 18:1/18:2), phosphatidylglycerol (16:0/16:1), and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (16:0/16:1, 16:0:18:4) on day 8. These findings indicate that TiO2 NPs have potential for commercial applications in Synechocystis species or other microalgal strains.

Effects of coronatine elicitation on growth and metabolic profiles of Lemna paucicostata culture.

In this study, the effects of coronatine treatment on the growth, comprehensive metabolic profiles, and productivity of bioactive compounds, including phenolics and phytosterols, in whole plant cultures of Lemna paucicostata were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. To determine the optimal timing of coronatine elicitation, coronatine was added on days 0, 23, and 28 after inoculation. The total growth of L. paucicostata was not significantly different between the coronatine treated groups and the control. The coronatine treatment in L. paucicostata induced increases in the content of hydroxycinnamic acids, such as caffeic acid, isoferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, sinapic acid, and phytosterols, such as campesterol and ß-sitosterol. The productivity of these useful metabolites was highest when coronatine was added on day 0 and harvested on day 32. These results suggest that coronatine treatment on day 0 activates the phenolic and phytosterol biosynthetic pathways in L. paucicostata to a greater extent than in the control. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the effects of coronatine on the alteration of metabolism in L. paucicostata based on GC-MS profiling. The results of this research provide a foundation for designing strategies for enhanced production of useful metabolites for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries by cultivation of L. paucicostata.