Triggering the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism is crucial for improving oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, because it could bypass the scaling relation limitation associated with the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism through the directly formation of oxygen-oxygen bond. High-valence transition metal sites are favorable for activating the lattice oxygen, but the deep oxidation of pre-catalysts suffers from a high thermodynamic barrier. Here, taking advantage of the Jahn-Teller (J-T) distortion induced structural instability, we incorporate high-spin Mn3+ (t2g3eg1) dopant into Co4N. Mn dopants enable a surface structural transformation from Co4N to CoOOH, and finally to CoO2, as observed by various in-situ spectroscopic investigations. Furthermore, the reconstructed surface on Mn doped Co4N triggers the lattice oxygen activation, as evidenced experimentally by pH-dependent OER, tetramethylammonium cation adsorption and on-line electrochemical mass spectrometry measurements of 18O-labelled catalysts. In general, this work not only offers the introducing J-T effect approach to regulate the structural transition, but also provides an understanding about the influence of catalyst's electronic configuration on determining the reaction route, which may inspire the design of more efficient catalysts with activated lattice oxygen.
OBJECTIVE: To observe and analyze the efficacy of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) thrombolysis combined with Solitaire AB stent mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: Clinical efficacy, neurological function, oxidative stress response, adverse reactions, and quality of life were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Lower NIHSS scores were observed among patients who received treatment within 2 h after stroke onset when compared with those in a timeframe of 2-6 h, suggesting better neurological function recovery of the patients with early intervention and thus emphasizing the importance of early treatment for patients with stroke onset. Clinical efficacy in the combination group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). After treatment, Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) levels were higher, while lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and Serum Amyloid A (SAA) levels were lower in the combination group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the combination group (p < 0.05). At discharge, we observed significantly more patients with good recovery in the combination group when compared to the control group (p < 0.05), suggesting better quality of life of the patients, while this statistical significance was no longer observable at 90 days after discharge (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: For acute ischemic stroke patients, rt-PA thrombolysis combined with Solitaire AB stent mechanical thrombectomy treatment is effective. It promotes neurological function recovery, improves vascular stenosis, reduces inflammation and adverse reactions, and enhances quality of life, showing promising clinical applications.
Cotton is one of the most important natural fibers used in the textile industry worldwide. It is important to identify the key factors involved in cotton fiber development. In this study, zinc finger protein8 (GhZFP8) encoding a C2H2 transcription factor (TF) was cloned from cotton. qPCR showed that the transcripts of GhZFP8 in cotton were detected in the leaves and fibers at 3, 6, and 30 days post-anthesis (DPA), but not in the roots, stems, or flowers. The overexpression of GhZFP8 increased the trichome number on the siliques, leaves, and inflorescence, but inhibited the growth. The expression of trichome development and cell-elongation-related genes decreased obviously in GhZFP8 overexpressor Arabidopsis. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACC) contents were much higher in GhZFP8 overexpressors than that found in the wild type, but the gibberellin (GA) content was lower. The interference of GhZFP8 in cotton caused smaller bolls and shorter fibers than that of the control. The results of DNA affinity purification (DAP)-seq showed that GhZFP8 could bind to the promoter, exon, intron, and intergenic region of the target genes, which are involved in photosynthesis, signal transduction, synthesis of biomass, etc. Our findings implied that GhZFP8 processed multiple biological functions and regulated the development of cotton fiber.
The copper (Cu)-catalyzed electrochemical CO2 reduction provides a route for the synthesis of multicarbon (C2+) products. However, the thermodynamically favorable Cu surface (i.e. Cu(111)) energetically favors single-carbon production, leading to low energy efficiency and low production rates for C2+ products. Here we introduce in situ copper faceting from electrochemical reduction to enable preferential exposure of Cu(100) facets. During the precatalyst evolution, a phosphate ligand slows the reduction of Cu and assists the generation and co-adsorption of CO and hydroxide ions, steering the surface reconstruction to Cu (100). The resulting Cu catalyst enables current densities of > 500 mA cm-2 and Faradaic efficiencies of >83% towards C2+ products from both CO2 reduction and CO reduction. When run at 500 mA cm-2 for 150 hours, the catalyst maintains a 37% full-cell energy efficiency and a 95% single-pass carbon efficiency throughout.
Meteorological drought is a crucial driver of various types of droughts; thus, identifying the spatiotemporal characteristics of meteorological drought at the basin scale has implications for ecological and water resource security. However, differences in drought characteristics between river basins have not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we identify and compare meteorological drought events in 34 major river basins worldwide using a three-dimensional drought-clustering algorithm based on the standardised precipitation evapotranspiration index on a 12-month scale from 1901 to 2021. Despite synchronous increases in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET), with precipitation increasing by more than three times the PET, 47 % (16/34) of the basins showed a tendency towards drought in over half their basin areas. Drought events occurred frequently, with more than half identified as short-term droughts (lasting less than or equal to three months). Small basins had a larger drought impact area, with major drought events often originating from the basin boundaries and migrating towards the basin centre. Meteorological droughts were driven by changes in sea surface temperature (SST), especially the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) or other climate indices. Anomalies in SST and atmospheric circulation caused by ENSO events may have led to altered climate patterns in different basins, resulting in drought events. These results provide important insights into the characteristics and mechanisms of meteorological droughts in different river basins worldwide.
Aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to the excellent safety, environmental friendliness, natural abundance, high theoretical specific capacity, and low redox potential of zinc (Zn) metal. However, several issues such as dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, corrosion, and passivation of Zn metal anodes cause irreversible loss of the active materials. To solve these issues, researchers often use large amounts of excess Zn to ensure a continuous supply of active materials for Zn anodes. This leads to the ultralow utilization of Zn anodes and squanders the high energy density of AZMBs. Herein, the design strategies for AZMBs with high Zn utilization are discussed in depth, from utilizing thinner Zn foils to constructing anode-free structures with theoretical Zn utilization of 100%, which provides comprehensive guidelines for further research. Representative methods for calculating the depth of discharge of Zn anodes with different structures are first summarized. The reasonable modification strategies of Zn foil anodes, current collectors with pre-deposited Zn, and anode-free aqueous Zn metal batteries (AF-AZMBs) to improve Zn utilization are then detailed. In particular, the working mechanism of AF-AZMBs is systematically introduced. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for constructing high-utilization Zn anodes are presented.
The utilization rate of active sites in cathode materials for Zn-based batteries is a key factor determining the reversible capacities. However, a long-neglected issue of the strong electrostatic repulsions among divalent Zn2+ in hosts inevitably causes the squander of some active sites (i.e., gap sites). Herein, we address this conundrum by unraveling the "gap-filling" mechanism of multiple charge carriers in aqueous Zn-MoS2 batteries. The tailored MoS2 /(reduced graphene quantum dots) hybrid features an ultra-large interlayer spacing (2.34â nm), superior electrical conductivity/hydrophilicity, and robust layered structure, demonstrating highly reversible NH4 + /Zn2+ /H+ co-insertion/extraction chemistry in the 1â M ZnSO4 +0.5â M (NH4 )2 SO4 aqueous electrolyte. The NH4 + and H+ ions can act as gap fillers to fully utilize the active sites and screen electrostatic interactions to accelerate the Zn2+ diffusion. Thus, unprecedentedly high rate capability (439.5 and 104.3â mAh g-1 at 0.1 and 30â A g-1 , respectively) and ultra-long cycling life (8000 cycles) are achieved.
The meta-analysis aimed to assess and compare the effect of closed-incision negative pressure wound (NPW) treatment in vascular surgery. Using dichotomous or contentious random or fixed effect models, the outcomes of this meta-analysis were examined, and the odds Ratio (OR) and the mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. Ten examinations from 2017 to 2022 were enrolled for the present meta-analysis, including 2082 personals with vascular surgery. Closed-incision NPW treatment had significantly lower infection rates (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.30-0.51, p < 0.001), grade I infection rates (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.20-0.52, p < 0.001), grade II infection rates (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21-0.71, p = 0.002), and grade III infection rates (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.13-0.73, p = 0.007), and surgical re-intervention (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.25-0.97, p = 0.04) compared to control in personal with vascular surgery. However, no significant differences were found between closed-incision NPW treatment and control in the 30-day mortality (OR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29-1.00, p = 0.05), antibiotic treatment (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.24-1.19, p = 0.12), and length of hospital stay (MD, -0.02; 95% CI, -0.24-0.19, p = 0.83) in personnel with vascular surgery. The examined data revealed that closed-incision NPW treatment had significantly lower infection rates, grade I infection rates, grade II infection rates, and grade III infection rates, surgical re-intervention, however, there were no significant differences in 30-day mortality, antibiotic treatment, or length of hospital stay compared to control group with vascular surgery. Yet, attention should be paid to its values since some comparisons had a low number of selected studies.
Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy , Surgical Wound , Humans , Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology , Surgical Wound Infection/therapy , Surgical Wound/therapy , Vascular Surgical Procedures , Anti-Bacterial Agents
BACKGROUND: The immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and kynurenine pathway (KP) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Studies have shown inflammation-related effects on KP metabolism in patients with schizophrenia. This study investigated the relationship between KP metabolites, IRS, and the compensatory immune-regulatory reflex system (CIRS) in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). METHODS: Patients with (n = 53) and without TRS (n = 47), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 49) were enrolled. We quantified plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1ß, IL-2, IL-6, soluble(s)IL-6 receptor, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, IL-18, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor[TNF]-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-4, IL-10, tumor growth factor [TGF]-ß1, TGF-ß2, soluble (s) IL-2 receptor subunit α, sIL-2 receptor subunit ß, and sTNF-α receptor 1) and calculated the IRS/CIRS ratio. We also tested serum metabolites of the KP, including kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and quinolinic acid (QUIN), along with the QUIN/KYNA ratio. RESULTS: Patients with TRS had significantly higher IRS/CIRS ratio than non-TRS patients (p = 0.002) and HCs (p = 0.007), and significantly lower KYN (p = 0.001) and KYNA (p = 0.01) levels than HCs. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that a younger age at illness onset (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91, p = 0.02) and a higher IRS/CIRS ratio (OR = 1.22; p = 0.007) were risk factors for patients with TRS. After further adjusted for age of onset, the QUIN/KYNA ratio (ß = 0.97; p = 0.02) significantly moderated the relationship between IRS/CIRS and TRS, showing that in the higher QUIN/KYNA condition, higher IRS/CIRS ratio were significantly and more likely to be associated with patients with TRS (ß = 0.12, z = 3.19, p = 0.001), whereas in the low QUIN/KYNA condition, the association between IRS/CIRS ratio and TRS was weak and insignificant. CONCLUSIONS: The peripheral immune response was imbalanced in TRS and was preferentially directed towards the IRS compared to patients without TRS and healthy controls, which is likely to play a role in neurotoxicity. Additionally, peripheral KP activation was also imbalanced, as evidenced by significantly reduced KYN and KYNA levels in patients with TRS compared to healthy controls, but none of KP metabolisms were significantly difference in non-TRS patients compared to healthy controls. QUIN/KYNA ratio involving to the degree of activation of NMDA receptors, indicated the neurotoxic level of the KP activation. The interaction between IRS/CIRS and QUIN/KYNA ratio was significant in predicting TRS, and our findings suggest a potential role for the immune-kynurenine pathway in TRS pathogenesis.
Kynurenine , Schizophrenia , Humans , Kynurenine/metabolism , Schizophrenia/drug therapy , Schizophrenia, Treatment-Resistant , Cytokines , Inflammation , Kynurenic Acid
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and Potato Virus Y (PVY) pose significant threats to crop production. Non-destructive and accurate surveillance is crucial to effective disease control. In this study, we propose the adoption of hyperspectral and machine learning technologies to discern the type and severity of tobacco leaves affected by PVY and TMV infection. Initially, we applied three preprocessing methods - Multivariate Scattering Correction (MSC), Standard Normal Variate (SNV), and Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter (SavGol) - to corrected the leaf full-length spectral sheet data (350-2500nm). Subsequently, we employed two classifiers, support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF), to establish supervised classification models, including binary classification models (healthy/diseased leaves or PVY/TMV infected leaves) and six-class classification models (healthy and various severity levels of diseased leaves). Based on the core evaluation index, our models achieved accuracies in the range of 91-100% in the binary classification. In general, SVM demonstrated superior performance compared to RF in distinguishing leaves infected with PVY and TMV. Different combinations of preprocessing methods and classifiers have distinct capabilities in the six-class classification. Notably, SavGol united with SVM gave an excellent performance in the identification of different PVY severity levels with 98.1% average precision, and also achieved a high recognition rate (96.2%) in the different TMV severity level classifications. The results further highlighted that the effective wavelengths captured by SVM, 700nm and 1800nm, would be valuable for estimating disease severity levels. Our study underscores the efficacy of integrating hyperspectral technology and machine learning, showcasing their potential for accurate and non-destructive monitoring of plant viral diseases.
Activating anionic redox chemistry in layered oxide cathodes is a paradigmatic approach to devise high-energy sodium-ion batteries. Unfortunately, excessive oxygen redox usually induces irreversible lattice oxygen loss and cation migration, resulting in rapid capacity and voltage fading and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, the reductive coupling mechanism (RCM) of uncommon electron transfer from oxygen to copper ions is unraveled in a novel P2-Na0.8Cu0.22Li0.08Mn0.67O2 cathode for boosting the reversibility and kinetics of anionic redox reactions. The resultant strong covalent Cu-(O-O) bonding can efficaciously suppress excessive oxygen oxidation and irreversible cation migration. Consequently, the P2-Na0.8Cu0.22Li0.08Mn0.67O2 cathode delivers a marvelous rate capability (134.1 and 63.2 mAh g-1 at 0.1C and 100C, respectively) and outstanding long-term cycling stability (82% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 10C). The intrinsic functioning mechanisms of RCM are fully understood through systematic in situ/ex situ characterizations and theoretical computations. This study opens a new avenue toward enhancing the stability and dynamics of oxygen redox chemistry.
Tungsten (W), as a promising plasma-facing material for fusion nuclear reactors, exhibits ductility reduction. Introducing high-density coherent nano-dispersoids into the W matrix is a highly efficient strategy to break the tradeoff of the strength-ductility performance. In this work, we performed helium (He) ion irradiation on coherent oxide-dispersoids strengthened (ODS) W to investigate the effect of coherent nanoparticle interfaces on the behavior of He bubbles. The results show that the diameter and density of He bubbles in ODS W are close to that in W at low dose of He ion irradiation. The radiation-induced hardening increment of ODS W, being 25% lower than that of pure W, suggests the involvement of the coherent interface in weakening He ion irradiation-induced hardening and emphasizes the potential of coherent nano-dispersoids in enhancing the radiation resistance of W-based materials.
BACKGROUND: Through significant advances in the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease, acute ischemia of the lower extremity is still associated with significant morbidity, limb threat and mortality. The two main causes of acute ischemia in lower extremities are arterial embolism and atherosclerotic arteries. Timely recognition and treatment of acute limb ischemia in emergency situations is essential in order to minimize the duration of ischemia. AIM: To investigate the application effect of angiojet thrombolysis in the treatment of acute lower extremity arterial embolization. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with acute lower extremity arterial embolization admitted to our hospital from May 2018 to May 2020 were selected. Among them, the observation group (twenty-eight cases) had received angiojet thrombolysis, and the control group (thirty-four cases) had received femoral artery incision and thrombectomy. After thrombus clearance, significant residual stenosis of the lumen was combined with balloon dilation and/or stent implantation. When the thrombus removal was not satisfactory, catheter-directed thrombolysis was performed. The incidence of postoperative complications, recurrence rate and recovery of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in postoperative recurrence (target vessel reconstruction rate), anklebrachial index and the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups (P > 0.05); there were statistically significant differences in postoperative pain score and postoperative rehabilitation between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The application of angiojet in the treatment of acute lower limb artery thromboembolism disease is safe and effective, minimally invasive, quicker recovery after operation, less postoperative complications, which is more suitable for the treatment of femoral popliteal arterial thromboembolism lesions. If the thrombus removal is not satisfactory, the combination of coronary artery aspiration catheter and catheterized directed thrombolysis can be used. Balloon dilation and stent implantation can be considered for obvious lumen stenosis.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of single-port and double-port thoracoscopic lobectomy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using meta-analysis. METHODS: We systematically searched Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to collect literature on single-hole and double-hole thoracoscopic lobectomy for NSCLC with the end date of August 2022. Keywords included "thoracoscopy", "lobectomy", and "non-small cell lung cancer". Two authors independently conducted literature screening, data extraction, and quality evaluation. The quality evaluation tools were the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. The odds ratio (OR), weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% Cl were calculated using a fixed-effects model or random-effect model as appropriate. RESULTS: Ten studies were included. These included two randomized controlled studies and eight cohort studies. 1800 sick persons were included in the survey. Among them, 976 sick people underwent single-hole thoracoscopic lobectomy (single-hole group), and 904 had double-hole thoracoscopic lobectomy (double-hole group). The results of the meta-analysis are as follows. The intraoperative bleeding volume [WMD = -13.75, 95% CI (-18.47, -9.03), P < 0.001], postoperative 24 h VAS score [WMD = -0.60, 95% CI (-0.75, -0.46), P < 0.001], and postoperative hospital stay time [WMD = -0.33, 95% CI (-0.54, -0.11), P = 0.0003] in the single-hole group was less than that in the double-hole group. The amount of dissected lymph nodes in the double-hole group was more than that in the single-hole group [WMD = 0.50, 95% CI (0.21, 0.80), P = 0.0007]. In both groups, operative time [WMD = 1.00, 95% CI (-9.62, 11.62), P = 0.85], intraoperative conversion rate [OR = 1.07, 95% CI (0.55, 2.08), P = 0.85], postoperative drainage time [WMD = -0.18, 95% CI (-0.52, -0.17), P = 0.32], and postoperative complications rate [OR = 0.89, 95% CI (0.65, 1.22), P = 0.46] had no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Single-hole thoracoscopic lobectomy has advantages in reducing intraoperative bleeding volume, alleviating early postoperative pain, and shortening postoperative hospital stay time. Double-hole thoracoscopic lobectomy has advantages in lymph node dissection. Both methods are equally safe and feasible for NSCLC.
It is critical to accurately predict the rupture risk of an intracranial aneurysm (IA) for timely and appropriate treatment because the fatality rate after rupture is 50 % . Existing methods relying on morphological features (e.g., height-width ratio) measured manually by neuroradiologists are labor intensive and have limited use for risk assessment. Therefore, we propose an end-to-end deep-learning method, called TransIAR net, to automatically learn the morphological features from 3D computed tomography angiography (CTA) data and accurately predict the status of IA rupture. We devise a multiscale 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract the structural patterns of the IA and its neighborhood with a dual branch of shared network structures. Moreover, we learn the spatial dependence within the IA neighborhood with a transformer encoder. Our experiments demonstrated that the features learned by TransIAR are more effective and robust than handcrafted features, resulting in a 10 % - 15 % improvement in the accuracy of rupture status prediction.
The irreversible issues of Zn anode stemming from dendrite growth and water-induced erosion have severely hindered the commercialization of rechargeable aqueous Zn batteries. Herein, a hydrophobic and fast-Zn2+ -conductive zinc hexacyanoferrate (HB-ZnHCF) interphase layer is in situ integrated on Zn by a rapid room-temperature wet-chemistry method to address these dilemmas. Different from currently proposed hydrophilic inorganic cases, the hydrophobic and compact HB-ZnHCF interphase effectively prevents the access of water molecules to Zn surface, thus avoiding H2 evolution and Zn corrosion. Moreover, the HB-ZnHCF with large internal ion channels, strong zincophilicity, and high Zn2+ transference number (0.86) permits fast Zn2+ transport and enables smooth Zn deposition. Remarkably, the resultant HB-ZnHCF@Zn electrode delivers unprecedented reversibility with 99.88 % Coulombic efficiency over 3000â cycles, realizes long-term cycling over 5800â h (>8â months, 1â mA cm-2 ) and 1000â h (10â mA cm-2 ), and assures the stable operation of full Zn battery with both coin- and pouch-type configurations.
Background: Previous studies have shown a potential beneficial effect of endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion (BAO). It was unclear that whether atrial fibrillation (AF) can affect the clinical outcomes for BAO patients treated with EVT. Objectives: To investigate the association between AF and clinical outcomes, and whether AF can modify the efficacy and safety of EVT in patients with BAO. Design: We conducted a multicenter, nationwide, retrospective analysis to investigate how the presence of AF affects treatment allocation for BAO patients. Methods: The endovascular treatment for acute basilar artery occlusion (ATTENTION) registry was a multicenter, prospective study in China that included acute BAO patients who underwent EVT or received best medical management (BMM) between 2017 and 2021. The outcomes include the distribution of 3-month modified Rankin scale (mRS) score, functional independence (defined as mRS 0-3), symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and mortality. Results: 2134 patients were included in the study, of which 619 had AF and 1515 did not have AF. The median age was 65 (interquartile range [IQR]: 56-73) years, and 689 (32.3%) patients were female. Multivariate regression analysis indicated no significant association existed between AF and the distribution of mRS (adjusted common odds ratio, 1.05 [95% CI: 0.88, 1.25]; p = 0.564) at 90 days. Similarly, AF was not found to have a significant association with and other measured outcomes, or with the effects of EVT in AF subgroups for at 90 days as measured by ordinal mRS (p for heterogeneity = 0.247). Finally, no significant differences were found for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and mortality within 90 days between the EVT and BMM groups across AF subgroups. Conclusions: Our results illustrated that the effect of EVT did not differ statistically in acute ischemic stroke patients with and without AF. Moreover, no significant association between AF and functional or safety outcomes could be detected at 90 days.
Protein binding site prediction is an important prerequisite task of drug discovery and design. While binding sites are very small, irregular and varied in shape, making the prediction very challenging. Standard 3D U-Net has been adopted to predict binding sites but got stuck with unsatisfactory prediction results, incomplete, out-of-bounds, or even failed. The reason is that this scheme is less capable of extracting the chemical interactions of the entire region and hardly takes into account the difficulty of segmenting complex shapes. In this paper, we propose a refined U-Net architecture, called RefinePocket, consisting of an attention-enhanced encoder and a mask-guided decoder. During encoding, taking binding site proposal as input, we employ Dual Attention Block (DAB) hierarchically to capture rich global information, exploring residue relationship and chemical correlations in spatial and channel dimensions respectively. Then, based on the enhanced representation extracted by the encoder, we devise Refine Block (RB) in the decoder to enable self-guided refinement of uncertain regions gradually, resulting in more precise segmentation. Experiments show that DAB and RB complement and promote each other, making RefinePocket has an average improvement of 10.02% on DCC and 4.26% on DVO compared with the state-of-the-art method on four test sets.
Deep Learning , Protein Binding , Binding Sites , Drug Discovery , Protein Domains , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Acidic water electrolysis enables the production of hydrogen for use as a chemical and as a fuel. The acidic environment hinders water electrolysis on non-noble catalysts, a result of the sluggish kinetics associated with the adsorbate evolution mechanism, reliant as it is on four concerted proton-electron transfer steps. Enabling a faster mechanism with non-noble catalysts will help to further advance acidic water electrolysis. Here, we report evidence that doping Ba cations into a Co3O4 framework to form Co3-xBaxO4 promotes the oxide path mechanism and simultaneously improves activity in acidic electrolytes. Co3-xBaxO4 catalysts reported herein exhibit an overpotential of 278 mV at 10 mA/cm2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte and are stable over 110 h of continuous water oxidation operation. We find that the incorporation of Ba cations shortens the Co-Co distance and promotes OH adsorption, findings we link to improved water oxidation in acidic electrolyte.
Objective: To investigate the efficacy of butylphthalide combined with edaravone in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and the effect on serum inflammatory factors. Methods: One hundred and sixty patients with acute ischemic stroke who attended the neurovascular intervention department of our hospital from May 2020 to June 2022 were enrolled as study subjects for prospective analysis and were equally divided into a control group and an experimental group using the random number table method, with 80 cases in each group. The control group was treated with edaravone injection, while the experimental group was treated with butylphthalide combined with edaravone. The disease was recorded to compare the efficacy, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, homocysteine, serum inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels, and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups. Results: The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was 90.0% (72/80), while that of the control group was 62.5% (50/80), the total effective rate of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, homocysteine level, and serum TNF-α, CRP, and IL-6 levels of patients in the experimental group improved compared with those before treatment, and the degree of improvement was better than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). After 3 months of treatment, a comparison of the incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of acute ischemic stroke with butylphthalide combined with edaravone has positive significance in improving blood circulation regulation and serum inflammatory factor levels and is reliable and worthy of clinical promotion.
Benzofurans , Ischemic Stroke , Stroke , Humans , Edaravone/therapeutic use , Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy , Benzofurans/therapeutic use , Inflammation/drug therapy , Interleukin-6 , Stroke/drug therapy
