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1.
J Appl Microbiol ; 135(6)2024 Jun 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38877650

ABSTRACT

Polar environments pose extreme challenges for life due to low temperatures, limited water, high radiation, and frozen landscapes. Despite these harsh conditions, numerous macro and microorganisms have developed adaptive strategies to reduce the detrimental effects of extreme cold. A primary survival tactic involves avoiding or tolerating intra and extracellular freezing. Many organisms achieve this by maintaining a supercooled state by producing small organic compounds like sugars, glycerol, and amino acids, or through increasing solute concentration. Another approach is the synthesis of ice-binding proteins, specifically antifreeze proteins (AFPs), which hinder ice crystal growth below the melting point. This adaptation is crucial for preventing intracellular ice formation, which could be lethal, and ensuring the presence of liquid water around cells. AFPs have independently evolved in different species, exhibiting distinct thermal hysteresis and ice structuring properties. Beyond their ecological role, AFPs have garnered significant attention in biotechnology for potential applications in the food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. This review aims to offer a thorough insight into the activity and impacts of AFPs on water, examining their significance in cold-adapted organisms, and exploring the diversity of microbial AFPs. Using a meta-analysis from cultivation-based and cultivation-independent data, we evaluate the correlation between AFP-producing microorganisms and cold environments. We also explore small and large-scale biotechnological applications of AFPs, providing a perspective for future research.


Subject(s)
Antifreeze Proteins , Bacteria , Biotechnology , Antifreeze Proteins/metabolism , Bacteria/metabolism , Freezing , Ice , Cold Temperature , Bacterial Proteins/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/genetics
2.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 121(2): e20230222, 2024.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38422306

ABSTRACT

Fibroelastomas are the second most common benign cardiac tumor1. They are small avascular structures with a mean size of 9mm, ranging up to 70mm, usually attached to the heart valves' surface (aortic and mitral are the most affected, followed by tricuspid and pulmonary valves). Their etiology is unclear, but the hypothesis of coalescence of microthrombus at the coaptation margins of valves is the most widely accepted theory. On echocardiography, they are pedicled, mobile, with a filamentous surface, and usually have a speckled appearance with echolucencies and a stippled pattern near the edges. Clinically, they may be associated with embolic phenomena; however, in most cases, the diagnosis is incidental. We present a series of four clinical cases with an incidental diagnosis of fibroelastomas across the four cardiac valves as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (Video 1; Figure 1). Video 1 From left to right and top to bottom: fibroelastomas of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve, anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, left cusp of the pulmonary valve and left cuspid of the aortic valve, each corresponding to a different patient. Link: http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12102/2023-0222_IM_video01.mp4 Figure 1 From left to right and top to bottom: fibroelastomas of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve, anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, left cusp of the pulmonary valve and left cuspid of the aortic valve, each corresponding to a different patient.


Os fibroelastomas são o segundo tumor cardíaco benigno mais comum. São estruturas pequenas, avasculares, com uma dimensão média de 9mm, podendo atingir até 70mm, habitualmente aderentes à superfície das válvulas cardíacas (válvulas aórtica e mitral são as mais comumente afetadas, seguidas das válvulas tricúspide e pulmonar). A etiologia não é clara, sendo a hipótese de formação de microtrombos nas margens de coaptação das válvulas a mais aceite. Na ecocardiografia apresentam aspeto pediculado, móvel, com superfície filamentosa, tipicamente com uma aparência pontilhada nas margens e ecolucente. Do ponto de vista clínico, podem estar associados a fenómenos embólicos, no entanto, na maioria dos casos o diagnóstico é incidental. Apresentamos de seguida quatro casos de diagnóstico incidental de fibroelastomas nas quatro válvulas cardíacas, diagnosticados por ecocardiograma transtorácico (ETT) (Vídeo 1; Figura 1). Vídeo 1Da esquerda para a direita, de cima para baixo: fibroelastomas no folheto anterior da válvula tricúspide, folheto anterior da válvula mitral, cúspide esquerda da válvula pulmonar e cúspide esquerda da válvula aórtica, cada um correspondendo a um doente diferente. Em: http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12102/2023-0222_IM_video01.mp4 Figura 1Da esquerda para a direita, de cima para baixo: fibroelastomas no folheto anterior da válvula tricúspide, folheto anterior da válvula mitral, cúspide esquerda da válvula pulmonar e cúspide esquerda da válvula aórtica, cada um correspondendo a um doente diferente.


Subject(s)
Echocardiography , Incidental Findings , Humans , Aorta , Mitral Valve/diagnostic imaging , Tricuspid Valve/diagnostic imaging
3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; Arq. bras. cardiol;121(2): e20230222, 2024. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1533741

ABSTRACT

Resumo Os fibroelastomas são o segundo tumor cardíaco benigno mais comum. São estruturas pequenas, avasculares, com uma dimensão média de 9mm, podendo atingir até 70mm, habitualmente aderentes à superfície das válvulas cardíacas (válvulas aórtica e mitral são as mais comumente afetadas, seguidas das válvulas tricúspide e pulmonar). A etiologia não é clara, sendo a hipótese de formação de microtrombos nas margens de coaptação das válvulas a mais aceite. Na ecocardiografia apresentam aspeto pediculado, móvel, com superfície filamentosa, tipicamente com uma aparência pontilhada nas margens e ecolucente. Do ponto de vista clínico, podem estar associados a fenómenos embólicos, no entanto, na maioria dos casos o diagnóstico é incidental. Apresentamos de seguida quatro casos de diagnóstico incidental de fibroelastomas nas quatro válvulas cardíacas, diagnosticados por ecocardiograma transtorácico (ETT) (Vídeo 1; Figura 1). Vídeo 1 Da esquerda para a direita, de cima para baixo: fibroelastomas no folheto anterior da válvula tricúspide, folheto anterior da válvula mitral, cúspide esquerda da válvula pulmonar e cúspide esquerda da válvula aórtica, cada um correspondendo a um doente diferente. Em: http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12102/2023-0222_IM_video01.mp4 Figura 1 Da esquerda para a direita, de cima para baixo: fibroelastomas no folheto anterior da válvula tricúspide, folheto anterior da válvula mitral, cúspide esquerda da válvula pulmonar e cúspide esquerda da válvula aórtica, cada um correspondendo a um doente diferente.


Abstract Fibroelastomas are the second most common benign cardiac tumor1. They are small avascular structures with a mean size of 9mm, ranging up to 70mm, usually attached to the heart valves' surface (aortic and mitral are the most affected, followed by tricuspid and pulmonary valves). Their etiology is unclear, but the hypothesis of coalescence of microthrombus at the coaptation margins of valves is the most widely accepted theory. On echocardiography, they are pedicled, mobile, with a filamentous surface, and usually have a speckled appearance with echolucencies and a stippled pattern near the edges. Clinically, they may be associated with embolic phenomena; however, in most cases, the diagnosis is incidental. We present a series of four clinical cases with an incidental diagnosis of fibroelastomas across the four cardiac valves as assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (Video 1; Figure 1). Video 1 From left to right and top to bottom: fibroelastomas of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve, anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, left cusp of the pulmonary valve and left cuspid of the aortic valve, each corresponding to a different patient. Link: http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12102/2023-0222_IM_video01.mp4 Figure 1 From left to right and top to bottom: fibroelastomas of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve, anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, left cusp of the pulmonary valve and left cuspid of the aortic valve, each corresponding to a different patient.

4.
Mundo saúde (Impr.) ; 35(4): 448-453, 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-619124

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estado nutricional e a ingestão alimentar de pacientes amputados com úlceras de pressão (UP) atendidos no ambulatório de um Centro Hospitalar de Reabilitação em Curitiba por meio de um estudo retrospectivo. Os critérios de inclusão foram: idade acima de 18 anos, via de alimentação exclusivamente oral, diagnóstico médico de amputação, úlcera de pressão como problema associado e número de consultas com Nutricionista (no mínimo 3). Foram selecionadas para análise as fichasde cinco pacientes. O estudo mostrou que a maioria dos pacientes foi diagnosticada com sobrepeso e que a ingestão de proteínas energiae micronutrientes essenciais para cicatrização de UP (vitaminas A, C e E, cobre e zinco) foram insuficientes. Após a terapia nutricional,todos apresentaram melhoras no processo de cicatrização. Ainda faltam estudos que comprovem uma eficácia na suplementação de nutrientes em pacientes com esse diagnóstico, porém todos concordam que uma melhora no estado nutricional favorece a cura e prevenção de UP quando ainda existem outros fatores associados.


The aim of this work was to evaluate the nutritional status and food consumption patterns of patients amputated due topressure ulcers (PU) assisted in the clinic of a Hospital Rehabilitation Center in Curitiba by means of a retrospective study. Inclusion criteria were: age above 18 years, exclusively oral feeding, amputated, pressure ulcer as associated problem and at least 3 consultationswith a Nutritionist. The medical history of five patients was selected for analysis. The study has showed that most patients were diagnosedwith overweight and that the essential protein ingestion, energy and micronutrients for cicatrization of PU (vitamins C and E, copper and zinc) were insufficient. After the proposed nutritional therapy, all patients presented improvements in the cicatrization process. Stillthere is a lack of studies that prove the effectiveness of nutrients supplementation in patients with this diagnosis, although all agree thatan improvement in the nutritional status contributes to cure and prevention of PU in cases in which here are other associated factors.


La meta de este trabajo fue evaluar el estado nutricional y los patrones del consumo de alimentos de pacientes amputados debido a úlceras de presión (UP) ayudados en la clínica de un centro de rehabilitación hospitalario en Curitiba por medio de un estudioretrospectivo. Los criterios de inclusión fueran: tener más de 18 años, utilizar exclusivamente alimentación oral, ser amputado, tener úlcera de presión como problema asociado y por lo menos 3 consultas con un nutricionista. El historial médico de cinco pacientes fueseleccionado para el análisis. El estudio ha demostrado que la mayoría de los pacientes ha sido diagnosticada con exceso de peso y que laingestión de proteínas, la energía y los microalimentos esenciales para la cicatrización de UP (vitaminas C y E, cobre y cinc) eran escasos.Después de la terapia alimenticia propuesta, todos los pacientes presentaron mejorías en el proceso de cicatrización. Hay una carenciade estudios que prueben la eficacia de la suplementación nutricional en pacientes con esta diagnosis, aunque todos convengan que una mejoría en el estado alimenticio contribuye a la curación y a la prevención de la UP en los casos que presentan otros factores asociados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amputation, Surgical/rehabilitation , Diet Therapy , Nutrition Assessment , Pressure Ulcer/diet therapy
5.
Clin Transl Oncol ; 12(9): 639-42, 2010 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20851806

ABSTRACT

The goal of this paper is to expose the clinical results and review of the literature of the treatment of spinal metastases with Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) presenting one case. A spinal metastases from rectal cancer treated with a single dose of 18Gy is presented. The following physics aspects are exposed: Treatment volume, tumor volume marginal doses and maximum doses in organs at risk. Clinical and radiographic follow up is presented. Local control and pain relief after one year of follow up was excellent. In properly selected patients, the treatment of limited metastatic disease with SBRT appears to be feasible and safe.


Subject(s)
Radiosurgery , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Spinal Neoplasms/secondary , Spinal Neoplasms/surgery , Combined Modality Therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Rectal Neoplasms/therapy , Treatment Outcome
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