Genotyping, sequencing and analysis of 140,000 adults from Mexico City.

The Mexico City Prospective Study is a prospective cohort of more than 150,000 adults recruited two decades ago from the urban districts of Coyoacán and Iztapalapa in Mexico City1. Here we generated genotype and exome-sequencing data for all individuals and whole-genome sequencing data for 9,950 selected individuals. We describe high levels of relatedness and substantial heterogeneity in ancestry composition across individuals. Most sequenced individuals had admixed Indigenous American, European and African ancestry, with extensive admixture from Indigenous populations in central, southern and southeastern Mexico. Indigenous Mexican segments of the genome had lower levels of coding variation but an excess of homozygous loss-of-function variants compared with segments of African and European origin. We estimated ancestry-specific allele frequencies at 142 million genomic variants, with an effective sample size of 91,856 for Indigenous Mexican ancestry at exome variants, all available through a public browser. Using whole-genome sequencing, we developed an imputation reference panel that outperforms existing panels at common variants in individuals with high proportions of central, southern and southeastern Indigenous Mexican ancestry. Our work illustrates the value of genetic studies in diverse populations and provides foundational imputation and allele frequency resources for future genetic studies in Mexico and in the United States, where the Hispanic/Latino population is predominantly of Mexican descent.

Effects of changing reference values on the interpretation of spirometry for rubber workers.

Introduction: The National Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey (NHANES) is being adopted for interpreting spirometry in occupational examinations. Rubber workers have an elevated risk of respiratory health issues due to industrial exposure, and changes in the equations would affect spirometry monitoring programs. Objective: To determine the differences in the use of the Knudson and NHANES III equations in nonsmoking workers in the rubber industry. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 75 nonsmoking workers with occupational exposure to rubber for at least two years. The factory had engineered protection controls and provided respiratory protection to the workers. Spirometry was conducted according to Spirometry Testing in Occupational Health Programs and Standardization of Spirometry: American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. Result: Spirometric prediction differences were present in the restrictive pattern assessment based on forced vital capacity (FVC), in which three individuals (4%) classified as normal according to Knudson presented restrictive disease according to NHANES III; only in the record of one participant was there restrictive disease using both equations. There was an 8% discrepancy for small airway obstruction in which six workers classified as normal using NHANES III were classified as diseased (FEF 25-75 <50%) using the Knudson equation. Conclusion: In the respiratory examination of workers exposed to rubber, the NHANES III equation is better able to detect restrictive diseases than is the Knudson equation; however, the Knudson equation is more sensitive to obstructive patterns.

Hipoalbuminemia Como Predictor De Mortalidad De Sepsis Por COVID-19. Hospital II Chocope, 2020. / Hypoalbuminemia as a predicator of mortality of sepsis from COVID-19. Hospital II Chocope, 2020.

Se realizó una investigación de tipo correlacional evaluando a 145 pacientes con sepsis por covid-19. Objetivos: Determinar si la hipoalbuminemia es predictor de mortalidad e identificar el valor sérico de albumina más frecuentemente relacionado con la letalidad. Métodos: Se incluyeron a pacientes mayores o igual de 18 años atendidos en el Hospital II Chocope durante mayo a agosto del 2020. Se excluyeron a pacientes con patologías oncológicas, e historias clínicas incompletas. La técnica empleada es la de análisis documental, mediante la revisión de historias clínicas. Resultados: Hubo asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la hipoalbuminemia y mortalidad (p = 0.00), los pacientes con hipoalbuminemia tuvieron 3 veces más riesgo de fallecer. (OR=3.97 IC al 95%). Así mismo, la sensibilidad y especificidad más alta de la prueba fue cuando el punto de corte de la hipoalbuminemia estuvo en 1.38 g/dl. Finalmente, la hipertensión arterial es la enfermedad asociada más frecuente. Conclusiones: la hipoalbuminemia es predictor de mortalidad y a menor valor de albumina mayor mortalidad.

A correlational type investigation was carried out evaluating 145 patients with covid-19 sepsis. Objectives: To determine whether hypoalbuminemia is a predictor of mortality and to identify the serum albumin value most frequently related to lethality. Method: Patients older than or equal to 18 years seen at Hospital II Chocope during May to August 2020 were included. Patients with oncological pathologies and incomplete medical records were excluded. The documentary analysis technique was used, by reviewing medical records. Results: There was a statistically significant association between hypoalbuminemia and mortality (p = 0.00), patients with hypoalbuminemia had 3 times the risk of dying. (OR = 3.97 95% CI). Likewise, the highest sensitivity and specificity of the test was when the cut-off point for hypoalbuminemia was 1.38 g / dl. Finally, the most frequent comorbidity was arterial hypertension. Conclusions: hypoalbuminemia is a predictor of mortality and the lower the albumin value, the higher the mortality.

The relation between circadian asynchrony, functional redundancy, and trophic performance in tropical ant communities.

The diversity-stability relationship has been under intense scrutiny for the past decades, and temporal asynchrony is recognized as an important aspect of ecosystem stability. In contrast to relatively well-studied interannual and seasonal asynchrony, few studies investigate the role of circadian cycles for ecosystem stability. Here, we studied multifunctional redundancy of diurnal and nocturnal ant communities in four tropical rain forest sites. We analyzed how it was influenced by species richness, functional performance, and circadian asynchrony. In two neotropical sites, species richness and functional redundancy were lower at night. In contrast, these parameters did not differ in the two paleotropical sites we studied. Circadian asynchrony between species was pronounced in the neotropical sites, and increased circadian functional redundancy. In general, species richness positively affected functional redundancy, but the effect size depended on the temporal and spatial breadth of the species with highest functional performance. Our analysis shows that high levels of trophic performance were only reached through the presence of such high-performing species, but not by even contributions of multiple, less-efficient species. Thus, these species can increase current functional performance, but reduce overall functional redundancy. Our study highlights that diurnal and nocturnal ecosystem properties of the very same habitat can markedly differ in terms of species richness and functional redundancy. Consequently, like the need to study multiple ecosystem functions, multiple periods of the circadian cycle need to be assessed in order to fully understand the diversity-stability relationship in an ecosystem.

Extraction of arsenic as the diethyl dithiophosphate complex with supercritical fluid and quantitation by cathodic stripping voltammetry.

The separation of arsenic based on in situ chelation with ammonium diethyl dithiophosphate (ADDTP) has been carried out using methanol-modified supercritical CO(2). Aliquots of extract were added to an electroanalytical cell and arsenic was determined by square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry (SWCSV) at a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). Quantitative extractions of As(DDTP)(3) were achieved when the experiments were carried out at a pressure of 2500psi, a temperature of 90 degrees C, 2.0mL of methanol, 20.0min of static extraction and 5.0min of dynamic extraction in the presence of 18mg of ADDTP. Analysis of arsenic was made using 150mgL(-1) of Cu(II) in 1M HCl solution as supporting electrolyte in the presence of ADDTP as ligand. Preconcentration was carried out by deposition at a potential of -0.50V and the intermetallic compound Cu(x)As(y) was reduced at a potential of -0.77 to -0.82V, depending on ligand concentration. The results showed that the presence of ligand plays an important role, increasing the method's sensitivity and preventing the oxidation of As(III). The calibration graph of the As(DDTP)(3) solution was linear from 0.8 to 12.5mugL(-1) of arsenic (LOD 0.5mugL(-1), R=0.9992, t(acc)=60s). The method was validated using carrot pulp spiked with arsenic solution. This method was applied to the determination of arsenic in samples of carrots, beets and irrigation water. Arsenic in beets was: skin 4.10+/-0.18mgkg(-1); pulp 3.83+/-0.19mgkg(-1) and juice 0.71+/-0.09mgL(-1); arsenic in carrots was: skin 2.15+/-0.09mgkg(-1); pulp 0.59+/-0.11mgkg(-1) and juice 0.71+/-0.03mgL(-1). Arsenic in water were: Chiu-Chiu 0.08mgL(-1), Inacaliri 1.12mgL(-1), and Salado river 0.17+/-0.07mgL(-1).

Iniciativas de la empresa privada para la seguridad alimentaria / Private initiatives in food security

Existe seguridad alimentaria cuando todas las personas tienen en todo momento acceso físico y económico a suficientes alimentos, inocuos y nutritivos, para satisfacer sus necesidades alimentarias y sus preferencias en cuanto a los alimentos, a fin de llevar una vida activa y sana. Para que una alimentación sea saludable, la dieta debe reunir las siguientes características: Una alimentación suficiente es a aquélla que cubre las necesidades que el cuerpo necesita diariamente para realizar sus funciones. Una alimentación será completa siempre que nos proporcione todos los nutrientes que necesitamos para desarrollarnos correctamente. Al hablar de variada lo que se quiere potenciar es la combinación de alimentos, pero para hacer que la dieta sea más atractiva y aceptada. No por eso, hay que entender que una dieta pobre en variedad, signifique que sea insuficiente, ya que puede cubrir todas las necesidades, simplemente es, una cuestión de gustos. La parte más importante de la dieta, es que ha de ser equilibrada, es decir, que el aporte de nutrientes sea el justo y necesario para conseguir un equilibrio entre consumo y aprovechamiento. Por último, la alimentación debe ser segura,... Por qué segura?. Porque debe estar libre de cualquier tipo de contaminación que nos pueda afectar de alguna manera, por lo tanto, es necesario que sus condiciones higiénicas sean las mejores. En Alimentos Polar, la seguridad alimentaria es una prioridad. Nuestra Visión Estratégica, se focaliza en brindar bienestar accesible a todos nuestros clientes y consumidores, lo cual significa que el alimento debe ser nutritivo, saludable, conveniente, delicioso y accesible al consumidor final

Jailones. En torno a la identidad cultural de los jovenes de elite paceña

En un momento historico en el que la juventud es considerada como un actor social emergente, resulta curioso que los jovenes de las clases de elite son practicamente ignorados o mimetizados tanto en la produccion academica como en la consideracion juridico/politica. Esta investigacion se acerca al sector popularmente denominado "jailon"