The Life-Course Perspectives of Mexican American Men With Mobility Limitation.

The life-history narratives of 10 Mexican American men with mobility limitations, age 55-77 years (mean = 63.8, SD = 5.8), were explored using a qualitatively driven, life-history mixed-methods study to understand perceptions of mobility limitations over the life course. Within that methodological and paradigmatic framework, conceptualizations of alterity and masculinity guided interpretation of data. Through an iterative, thematic analysis, we detail the way the men's lives were influenced by growing familial responsibility with age. Quantitative data were integrated into themes of narrative inheritance, family, and masculinity. It was posited that masculinity with mobility limitations shaped and was shaped by ethnic identity and responsibility. This has implications for understanding the experience of Mexican American men over the life course.

Association of Gestation and Fetal Growth Restriction on Cardiovascular Health in Preterm-Born Children.

OBJECTIVES: To prospectively evaluate the associations of early and current life factors, including gestational age and fetal growth restriction in preterm-born subjects, on cardiovascular health including measures of central and peripheral blood pressure and arterial stiffness and assess cardiovascular changes before and after acute exercise in preterm- and term-born school-aged children. STUDY DESIGN: From 240 children, aged 7-12 years, 204 (141 preterm-born and 63 term-born) had satisfactory data. An oscillometric device recorded cardiovascular measures before and after cycle ergometer exercise testing. Data were analyzed with multivariable linear regression and mediation. RESULTS: Central systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 6.4 mmHg (95% CI, 1.2, 11.6) higher in preterm-born children with fetal growth restriction and 3.4 mmHg (0.02, 6.8) higher in those without fetal growth restriction when compared with term controls. Augmentation index was 4.1% (0.7, 7.4) higher in the preterm fetal growth restriction group when compared with those without fetal growth restriction but was similar between the latter group and term controls. Regression modelling showed gestational age, female sex, and antenatal smoking, but not fetal growth restriction, were significantly associated with SBP. In contrast, fetal growth restriction and fat mass index, but not gestation, were significantly associated with augmentation index. Cardiovascular exercise responses were similar between all 3 groups studied. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show the differential associations of prematurity and fetal growth restriction on central SBP and augmentation index. Cardiovascular responses to exercise were similar in all 3 groups. Preterm-born children with and without fetal growth restriction are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adult life. TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2015-003712-20/GB: RHiNO, EudraCT: 2015-003712-20.

Cumulative Trauma Among Mayas Living in Southeast Florida.

Mayas, having experienced genocide, exile, and severe poverty, are at high risk for the consequences of cumulative trauma that continually resurfaces through current fear of an uncertain future. Little is known about the mental health and alcohol use status of this population. This correlational study explored t/he relationship of cumulative trauma as it relates to social determinants of health (years in the United States, education, health insurance status, marital status, and employment), psychological health (depression symptoms), and health behaviors (alcohol use) of 102 Guatemalan Mayas living in Southeast Florida. The results of this study indicated that, as specific social determinants of health and cumulative trauma increased, depression symptoms (particularly among women) and the risk for harmful alcohol use (particularly among men) increased. Identifying risk factors at an early stage before serious disease or problems are manifest provides room for early screening leading to early identification, early treatment, and better outcomes.

Physical activity in school-age children born preterm.

OBJECTIVES: To compare objectively measured physical activity in 11- and 15-year-old children who were born preterm with term-born controls and related physical activity measures to lung function measures. STUDY DESIGN: We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We compared total physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior between children born at 25-32, 33-34, 35-36, and 37-43 weeks' gestation at ages 11 and 15 years. At age 11 years, physical activity measures were correlated with lung spirometry recorded at age 7-9 years. RESULTS: Valid physical activity data at age 11 years were available for 5025, 197, 57, and 48 children born at 37-43, 35-36, 33-34, and 25-32 weeks' gestation, respectively. At age 15 years, valid physical activity data were available for 1829, 62, 32, and 24 children born at 37-43, 35-36, 33-34, and 25-32 weeks' gestation. Boys were more physically active than girls at both ages. There were no differences in total physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, or sedentary behavior in children between the different gestation groups. Physical activity at age 11 years did not correlate with spirometry measures at age 7-9 years. CONCLUSIONS: Physical activity was similar for the different gestational groups and did not correlate with lung spirometry. Physical activity does not appear to be limited in preterm-born children despite lung function deficits noted in childhood.

Tuberculin and lepromin reactions in Nigeria an analysis of the data of lowe and McNulty

Derívase esta comunicación del re-examen de los datos contenidos en u estudio ya presentado por Lowe y McNulty, con referencia particular a los resultados de pruebas tuberculínicas con dosis pequeñas (von Pirquet con TA) y luego en los negativos con dosis altas (50 UT de DPP, intradérmicamente). Los resultados se correlacionan con los de la reacción a la lepromina. Entre 278 adultos sanos, 79 (29 por ciento) fueron positivos a la Pirquet. De estos positivos, 96 por ciento también reaccionaron a la lepromina; pero una gran proporción de los negativos fueron también lepromino-negativos. De los 199 individuos negativos a la primera prueba con tuberculina, no menos de 144 (73 por ciento) fueron positivos a la prueba con 50 UT. La mayor parte de estos positivos (84 por ciento) figuraban entre los reactores a la lepromina, en tanto que la mitad de los negativos a altas dosis también fueron negativos a la lepromina. En los resultados en los 81 niños comprobados, hubo una semejanza fundamental, pero con notables diferencias cuantitativas. De ellos, sólo 10 (12 por ciento) reaccionaron a la Pirquet, pero, lo mismo que antes, casi todos (90 por ciento) fueron positivos a la lepromina. De los 71 negativos a la Pirquet, apenas una mayoría indudable (59 or ciento) fueron también positivos a la lepromina, pero en este caso, todos los que no reaccionaron a las dosis grande de tuberculina fueron también negativos a la lepromina. Apúntase que, en casi todos los individuos de alto sensibilidad a la tuberculina, este estado se asociaba con positividad a la lepromina y que hubo también una correlación bastante alta entre los que sólo fueron positivos a la dosis alta de tuberculina. Sin embargo, no hubo tal correlación entre los que fueron absolutamente negativos a la tuberculina. Considérase posible, y con respecto a los niños hasta probable, que algunas de las reacciones a la tuberculina a dosis alta fueran de naturaleza anespecífica. Un punto del mayor interés que se estudia más a fondo es la incapacidad específica de los enfermos lepromatosos para volverse reactores a la lepromina, aun siendo hipersensibles a la tuberculina o habiendo sido vacunados con BCG.

Tuberculosis and leprosy-further immunological studies

(I) 621 children between the ages of 5 and 16 years in Eastern Nigeria were tested with 5 Tuberculin Units of P.P.D., and if the reaction was less than 6 mm. they were tested again with 100 Tuberculin Units. At the same time all the children were given an intradernal injection of lepromin, and the late reaction (Mitsuda) read. (II) A statistically significant correlation was demonstrated between the lepromin and tuberculin reaction in the group investigated. However, this could have resulted from the simultaneous exposure of the population to tuberculosis and leprosy. (III) The tuberculin-positive rates appeared to be higher than could be explained by the incidence of tuberculosis in the area. (IV) The results of the tuberculin tests with the two different doses of P.P.D. were similar to those reported by Edwards et al. is responsible for reactions to 100 Tuberculin Units in those negative to 5 Tuberculin Units. (V) No conclusion could be drawn as to whether or not the leprosy bacillus is a factor in producing a positive tuberculin test

The chemotherapy of leprosy. Late results of treatment with sulphone, and with thiosemicarbazone

Sulphone treatment. Of 131 patients who started sulphone treatment in the research unit of the Nigeria Leprosy Service between March, 1946, and March, 1948, 117 were available for analysis in March, 1954. In all of these the disease had been rendered clinically inactive, and in most of them the lesions were bacteriologically negative.

Sundry experiences in the chemotherapy of leprosy

Experience at Uzuakoli has shown that sulfone treatment is effective in all forms of leprosy, and that such treatment with the mother substance, diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS), given by mouth is by far the least expensive. A large number of cases is now under treatment with that drug, under varied circumstances. We have recently found it desirable, in order to lessen the toxic effects, especially where medical supervision is limited, to reduce the maximum dose to 200 mgm. six days a week instead of 300 mgm., and to take six weeks instead of four weeks to attain the maximal level. Furthermore, where conditions make it desirable the dosage may be 500 mgm. given twice a week. The occurrence of sulfone dermatitis is discussed briefly, and the desensitization routine employed for resuming sulfone treatment is given in some detail. Descriptions are given of illustrative cases of sulfone psychosis, occurring especially in individuals of unstable nature and especially under the higher dosages of the sulfones. An attempt at prophylactic treatment of babies of leprous mothers by giving sulfones to the latter was discontinued because the babies turned blue. Para-aminosalicylate (PAS) has been tried on a small scale, with no indication of promise in leprosy. On the other hand streptomycin, used in a few major tuberculoid cases, seems to be definitely promising.