ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanism of polysaccharides from aloe vera (PAV), a main active ingredient of Aloe vera, treatment in pulpitis rats. METHODS: Pulpitis were modeled by drilling the occlusal central fossa with Sprague Dawley rats. Next, the rats were treated with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg PAV for three weeks, respectively. Computed tomography scanning assay, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were used to detect the pathology change. Then, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, prostaglandin E2, and ciclooxigenase 2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 human (BMP-2), osteocalcin, osterix, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting (WB). Finally, Wnt3a expression, p-GSK3ß/GSK3ß and p-ß-catenin/ß-catenin ratio were analyzed by WB. RESULTS: PAV up regulated the bone mineral density, and reduced the breakage of the crown and cervical structures, and the necrosis of the crown and root pulp of pulpitis rats. In addition, results indicated that PAV could inhibit osteoblast formation. While osteoblasts' number was decreased, proteins of BMP-2, osteocalcin, osterix, and Runx2 were up-regulated by PAV. Furthermore, PAV increased the Wnt3a expression and the p-ß-catenin/ß-catenin ratio, and decreased p-GSK3ß/GSK3ß ratio. Interestingly, these effects were all in dose dependence. CONCLUSIONS: PAV could inhibit pulp inflammation and promote osteoblasts differentiation via suppressing the activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, enhancing the dental bone density.
Subject(s)
Aloe , Polysaccharides , Pulpitis , Wnt Signaling Pathway , Animals , Humans , Rats , Aloe/chemistry , beta Catenin/metabolism , Cell Differentiation , Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism , Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/pharmacology , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism , Osteoblasts , Osteocalcin/metabolism , Osteogenesis , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Pulpitis/metabolism , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of polysaccharides from aloe vera (PAV), a main active ingredient of Aloe vera, treatment in pulpitis rats. Methods: Pulpitis were modeled by drilling the occlusal central fossa with Sprague Dawley rats. Next, the rats were treated with 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg PAV for three weeks, respectively. Computed tomography scanning assay, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were used to detect the pathology change. Then, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, prostaglandin E2, and ciclooxigenase 2 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of bone morphogenetic protein 2 human (BMP-2), osteocalcin, osterix, and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting (WB). Finally, Wnt3a expression, p-GSK3ß/GSK3ß and p-ß-catenin/ß-catenin ratio were analyzed by WB. Results: PAV up regulated the bone mineral density, and reduced the breakage of the crown and cervical structures, and the necrosis of the crown and root pulp of pulpitis rats. In addition, results indicated that PAV could inhibit osteoblast formation. While osteoblasts' number was decreased, proteins of BMP-2, osteocalcin, osterix, and Runx2 were up-regulated by PAV. Furthermore, PAV increased the Wnt3a expression and the p-ß-catenin/ß-catenin ratio, and decreased p-GSK3ß/GSK3ß ratio. Interestingly, these effects were all in dose dependence. Conclusions: PAV could inhibit pulp inflammation and promote osteoblasts differentiation via suppressing the activation of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, enhancing the dental bone density.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Osteoblasts , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Pulpitis , Aloe , Animals, LaboratoryABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction This paper research an improved biological image tracking algorithm of athlete's cervical spine health under color feedback. Objective A new algorithm is proposed to improve the accuracy of detection and tracking. Methods In this study, the first thing is to apply the color feedback algorithm to improve and optimize the Improved Camshift algorithm. The optimized algorithm was used to track the center of the image, and the video was processed frame by frame. The center position of the tracking frame was obtained. Results The average number of head twists per person is 39 times. Among the three groups, children twisted the least, and older adults twisted the most. Conclusion The algorithm proposed in this study has certain effectiveness and superiority and can be well applied to detecting the number of head twists during exercise. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
RESUMO Introdução Este artigo investiga um algoritmo aprimorado para rastrear imagens biológicas da saúde da coluna cervical do atleta sob feedback de cores. Objetivo Um novo algoritmo é proposto para melhorar a precisão de detecção e monitoramento. Métodos neste estudo, primeiro aplicamos o algoritmo de feedback de cores para otimizar o algoritmo Camshift aprimorado. O algoritmo otimizado foi usado para rastrear o centro da imagem e o vídeo foi processado quadro a quadro. A posição central do quadro de rastreamento foi obtida. Resultados o número médio de voltas da cabeça por pessoa é 39 vezes. Entre os três grupos, as crianças viraram menos e os adultos mais velhos viraram mais. Conclusão O algoritmo proposto neste estudo tem alguma eficácia e superioridade e pode ser bem aplicado para detectar o número de giros da cabeça durante o exercício. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción Este artículo investiga un algoritmo mejorado de seguimiento de imágenes biológicas de la salud de la columna cervical del atleta bajo retroalimentación de color. Objetivo Se propone un nuevo algoritmo para mejorar la precisión de la detección y el seguimiento. Métodos En este estudio, lo primero es aplicar el algoritmo de retroalimentación de color para optimizar el algoritmo Camshift mejorado. El algoritmo optimizado se utilizó para rastrear el centro de la imagen y el video se procesó cuadro por cuadro. Se obtuvo la posición central del marco de seguimiento. Resultados El número medio de giros de cabeza por persona es 39 veces. Entre los tres grupos, los niños eran los que menos giraban y los adultos mayores eran los que más. Conclusión El algoritmo propuesto en este estudio tiene cierta efectividad y superioridad y se puede aplicar bien para detectar el número de giros de cabeza durante el ejercicio. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Spine/diagnostic imaging , Algorithms , Athletes , Models, BiologicalABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction Study the relationship between the metabolic enzyme and the biological image, filtered by an adaptive filtering algorithm. Objective The research aims to In this study, human metabolic enzymes were evaluated by electrocardiogram and electromyogram images, and an adaptive filtering algorithm removed the noises in the images. Methods The electrocardiogram and electromyogram images at different periods were obtained, and the calculation method and application scope of the adaptive filtering algorithm were analysed. Results Adaptive filter was designed by the combination of adaptive filtering algorithm and dynamic information. Therefore, the artefact of the image was removed. Conclusions The adaptive filtering algorithm can effectively remove the noise or artefact in electrocardiogram and electromyogram signals. The optimal image information can be obtained. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.
RESUMO Introdução Estudar a relação entre a enzima metabólica e a imagem biológica filtrada por um algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa. Objetivo O objetivo da pesquisa, neste estudo, é avaliar enzimas metabólicas humanas por meio de imagens de eletrocardiograma e eletromiograma, sendo que um algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa eliminou o ruído nas imagens. Métodos Imagens de eletrocardiograma e eletromiograma foram obtidas em diferentes períodos e foram analisados o método de cálculo e o escopo de aplicação do algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa. Resultados a filtragem adaptativa foi projetada combinando um algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa e informações dinâmicas. Portanto, o artefato foi removido da imagem. Conclusões O algoritmo de filtragem adaptativa pode efetivamente eliminar ruído ou artefato em sinais de eletrocardiograma e eletromiograma. Informações de imagem ideais podem ser obtidas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos: investigação dos resultados do tratamento.
RESUMEN Introducción Estudiar la relación entre la enzima metabólica y la imagen biológica, filtrada por un algoritmo de filtrado adaptativo. Objetivo La investigación tiene como objetivo, en este estudio, evaluar las enzimas metabólicas humanas mediante imágenes de electrocardiograma y electromiograma, y un algoritmo de filtrado adaptativo eliminó los ruidos en las imágenes. Métodos Se obtuvieron las imágenes de electrocardiograma y electromiograma en diferentes períodos y se analizó el método de cálculo y alcance de aplicación del algoritmo de filtrado adaptativo. Resultados El filtrado adaptativo se diseñó mediante la combinación de un algoritmo de filtrado adaptativo e información dinámica. Por lo tanto, se eliminó el artefacto de la imagen. Conclusiones El algoritmo de filtrado adaptativo puede eliminar eficazmente el ruido o artefacto en las señales de electrocardiograma y electromiograma. Se puede obtener la información de imagen óptima. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos: investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Fatigue/enzymology , Fatigue/metabolism , Muscles/metabolism , Algorithms , Electrocardiography , Electromyography , Models, BiologicalABSTRACT
Osteoblast differentiation is an effective way to promote bone formation. Long non-coding RNA taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1) has been identified as a crucial modulator of multiple biological processes. This study was designed to investigate the function of TUG1 in the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells hFOB1.19. In this study, we found that TUG1 promoted hFOB1.19 cell proliferation, while TUG1 knockdown hindered cell proliferation. TUG1 and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2) were upregulated, while miR-545-3p was down-regulated in hFOB1.19 cells undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. TUG1 induced osteoblast differentiation by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers. TUG1 was a sponge of miR-545-3p and regulated osteoblastic differentiation by modulating miR-545-3p. Moreover, miR-545-3p directly targeted CNR2 and restored the effect of CNR2 on osteoblastic differentiation. In conclusion, TUG1 accelerated the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by sponging miR-545-3p and increasing CNR2 expression, which might provide a new biomarker for bone diseases.
Subject(s)
RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , Cell Differentiation , Cell Proliferation , Humans , MicroRNAs , Osteoblasts , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 , TaurineABSTRACT
Osteoblast differentiation is an effective way to promote bone formation. Long non-coding RNA taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1) has been identified as a crucial modulator of multiple biological processes. This study was designed to investigate the function of TUG1 in the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast precursor cells hFOB1.19. In this study, we found that TUG1 promoted hFOB1.19 cell proliferation, while TUG1 knockdown hindered cell proliferation. TUG1 and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CNR2) were upregulated, while miR-545-3p was down-regulated in hFOB1.19 cells undergoing osteoblastic differentiation. TUG1 induced osteoblast differentiation by increasing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of osteoblastic differentiation markers. TUG1 was a sponge of miR-545-3p and regulated osteoblastic differentiation by modulating miR-545-3p. Moreover, miR-545-3p directly targeted CNR2 and restored the effect of CNR2 on osteoblastic differentiation. In conclusion, TUG1 accelerated the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts by sponging miR-545-3p and increasing CNR2 expression, which might provide a new biomarker for bone diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , Osteoblasts , Taurine , Cell Differentiation , MicroRNAs , Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 , Cell ProliferationABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Intravascular coronary stenting has been used in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), with a major limitation of in-stent restenosis (ISR). The 316 stainless steel has been widely used for coronary stents. In this study, we developed a novel coating method to reduce ISR by simultaneously coating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-CD34 antibody on 316L stainless steel. METHODS: Round 316L stainless steel sheets in the D-H group were polymerized with compounds generated from condensation reaction of dopamine and heparin using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Sixteen sheets from the D-H group were further immersed into 1ug/ml VEGF165 and 3mg/ml heparin sodium one after another for 10 times, and named as the D-(H-V)10 group. Eight sheets from the D-(H-V)10 group were coated with anti-CD34 antibody and termed as the D-(H-V)10-A group. Immunofluorescence assay and ELISA were used to evaluate whether the 316L stainless steel disks were successfully coated with VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody. RESULTS: The results of immunofluorescence assay and ELISA showed that VEGF could be detected in the D-(H-V)10 and D-(H-V)10-A group, suggesting the steel sheets were successfully covered with VEGF. Anti-CD34 antibody could only be observed in the D-(H-V)10-A group, which was the only group coated with CD34 antibody. Both results suggested that the 316L stainless steel sheets were successfully coated with VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody. CONCLUSION: Our study developed a method to simultaneously coat VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody to stainless metal steel. This research serves as a fundamental role for a novel coating strategy.
Subject(s)
Antigens, CD34/chemistry , Antigens, CD34/immunology , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Drug-Eluting Stents , Stainless Steel/chemistry , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/chemistry , Coronary Restenosis/prevention & control , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide/chemistry , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans , Materials Testing , Reproducibility of Results , Serum Albumin, Bovine , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Intravascular coronary stenting has been used in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD), with a major limitation of in-stent restenosis (ISR). The 316 stainless steel has been widely used for coronary stents. In this study, we developed a novel coating method to reduce ISR by simultaneously coating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and anti-CD34 antibody on 316L stainless steel. Methods: Round 316L stainless steel sheets in the D-H group were polymerized with compounds generated from condensation reaction of dopamine and heparin using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Sixteen sheets from the D-H group were further immersed into 1ug/ml VEGF165 and 3mg/ml heparin sodium one after another for 10 times, and named as the D-(H-V)10 group. Eight sheets from the D-(H-V)10 group were coated with anti-CD34 antibody and termed as the D-(H-V)10-A group. Immunofluorescence assay and ELISA were used to evaluate whether the 316L stainless steel disks were successfully coated with VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody. Results: The results of immunofluorescence assay and ELISA showed that VEGF could be detected in the D-(H-V)10 and D-(H-V)10-A group, suggesting the steel sheets were successfully covered with VEGF. Anti-CD34 antibody could only be observed in the D-(H-V)10-A group, which was the only group coated with CD34 antibody. Both results suggested that the 316L stainless steel sheets were successfully coated with VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody. Conclusion: Our study developed a method to simultaneously coat VEGF and anti-CD34 antibody to stainless metal steel. This research serves as a fundamental role for a novel coating strategy. .
Resumo Introdução: O stent coronário intravascular tem sido utilizado no tratamento de doença arterial coronária, com uma maior limitação de restenose intra-stent (RIS). O aço inoxidável 316 tem sido amplamente utilizado para stents. Neste estudo, foi desenvolvido um novo método de revestimento para reduzir a RIS para revestir simultaneamente o fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) e anti-CD34 em aço inoxidável 316L. Métodos: Placas de aço inoxidável 316L redondas no grupo DH foram polimerizadas com compostos gerados a partir da reacção de condensação de dopamina e heparina utilizando N- (3-dimetilaminopropil) -N'-etilcarbodiimida (EDC) e N-hidroxissuccinimida (NHS). Dezesseis folhas a partir do grupo DH foram ainda imersas em 1 ug/ml de VEGF 165 e 3 mg/ml de heparina sódica, um após outro por 10 vezes, sendo denominado como o grupo D-(HV)10. Oito folhas de D-(HV)10 foram revestidas com anticorpo anti-CD34 e denominado como grupo D-(HV)10-A. Testes de imunofluorescência e ELISA foram usados para avaliar se os discos de aço inoxidável 316L foram revestidos com sucesso com VEGF e anticorpo anti-CD34. Resultados: Os resultados dos testes de imunofluorescência e ELISA mostraram que o VEGF pôde ser detectado nos grupos D-(HV)10 e D-(HV)10-A, evidenciando que as chapas de aço foram cobertas com VEGF com sucesso. O anticorpo anti-CD34 podia apenas ser observado no grupo D-(HV)10-A, o único grupo revestido com anticorpo CD34. Ambos os resultados sugerem que as chapas de aço inoxidável 316L foram revestidas com sucesso com VEGF e anticorpo anti-CD34. Conclusão: Nosso estudo desenvolveu um método para revestir simultaneamente VEGF e anti-CD34 de aço inoxidável. Esta pesquisa tem um papel fundamental para a nova estratégia de revestimento. .
Subject(s)
Humans , /chemistry , /immunology , Coated Materials, Biocompatible/chemistry , Drug-Eluting Stents , Stainless Steel/chemistry , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/chemistry , Coronary Restenosis/prevention & control , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Ethyldimethylaminopropyl Carbodiimide/chemistry , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Materials Testing , Reproducibility of Results , Serum Albumin, Bovine , Time FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT >40 IU/mL) is a marker of liver injury but provides little insight into etiology. We aimed to identify and stratify risk factors associated with elevated ALT in a randomly selected population with a high prevalence of elevated ALT (39%), obesity (49%) and diabetes (30%). METHODS: Two machine learning methods, the support vector machine (SVM) and Bayesian logistic regression (BLR), were used to capture risk factors in a community cohort of 1532 adults from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (CCHC). A total of 28 predictor variables were used in the prediction models. The recently identified genetic marker rs738409 on the PNPLA3 gene was genotyped using the Sequenom iPLEX assay. RESULTS: The four major risk factors for elevated ALT were fasting plasma insulin level and insulin resistance, increased BMI and total body weight, plasma triglycerides and non-HDL cholesterol, and diastolic hypertension. In spite of the highly significant association of rs738409 in females, the role of rs738409 in the prediction model is minimal, compared to other epidemiological risk factors. Age and drug and alcohol consumption were not independent determinants of elevated ALT in this analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors most strongly associated with elevated ALT in this population are components of the metabolic syndrome and point to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This population-based model identifies the likely cause of liver disease without the requirement of individual pathological diagnosis of liver diseases. Use of such a model can greatly contribute to a population-based approach to prevention of liver disease.
Subject(s)
Alanine Transaminase/blood , Female , Humans , Male , Mexican Americans , Risk Factors , Support Vector Machine , TexasABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study examined genetic associations of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) polymorphisms and liver aminotransferases in an extensively documented, randomly recruited Mexican American population at high risk of liver disease. METHODS: Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the PNPLA3 gene (i.e., rs738409 and rs2281135) were genotyped in 1532 individuals. Population stratification was corrected by the genotyping of 103 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) for Mexican Americans. RESULTS: Both PNPLA3 SNPs showed highly significant association with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, but was also, in males, associated with aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Haplotypic association test of the two SNPs suggested stronger genetic association with rs738409 than rs2281135. Obvious sex effects were observed: rs738409-sex interaction in ALT levels P = 8.37 x 10(-4); rs738409-sex interaction in AST levels P = 5.03 x 10(-3). CONCLUSIONS: This population study highlights a sex-specific association of PNPLA3 polymorphisms and elevated liver enzymes in a population-based study, independent of common pathological factors of the metabolic syndrome. The strong genetic association found in women ≤ 50 years old, but not in women > 50 years old, suggests that sex hormones may mediate the sex effect.
Subject(s)
Alanine Transaminase/genetics , Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism , Lipase/genetics , Liver Diseases/genetics , Membrane Proteins/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Sex Characteristics , Adult , Age Factors , Alanine Transaminase/metabolism , Aspartate Aminotransferases/genetics , Female , Genotype , Humans , Lipase/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Liver Diseases/metabolism , Male , Membrane Proteins/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/genetics , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Mexican Americans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: An elevated insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) is more commonly seen in the Mexican American population than in European populations. We report quantitative ancestral effects within a Mexican American population, and we correlate ancestral components with HOMA-IR. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed ancestral analysis in 1,551 participants of the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort by genotyping 103 ancestry-informative markers (AIMs). These AIMs allow determination of the percentage (0-100%) ancestry from three major continental populations, i.e., European, African, and Amerindian. RESULTS: We observed that predominantly Amerindian ancestral components were associated with increased HOMA-IR (ß = 0.124, P = 1.64 × 10(-7)). The correlation was more significant in males (Amerindian ß = 0.165, P = 5.08 × 10(-7)) than in females (Amerindian ß = 0.079, P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: This unique study design demonstrates how genomic markers for quantitative ancestral information can be used in admixed populations to predict phenotypic traits such as insulin resistance.
Subject(s)
Insulin Resistance/physiology , Female , Genotype , Humans , Insulin Resistance/genetics , Male , Mexican Americans/genetics , Mexican Americans/statistics & numerical data , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Principal Component AnalysisSubject(s)
American Indian or Alaska Native/genetics , Metabolic Diseases/genetics , Mexican Americans/genetics , Translational Research, Biomedical , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/ethnology , Genetic Diseases, Inborn/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/ethnology , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Genetic Variation , Genome, Human , Humans , Metabolic Diseases/pathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies in mice and humans observed down-regulation of the gene expression of ATP6V1H associated with type 2 diabetes. This study identified prospectively changes in ATP6V1H expression before and after overt diabetes. METHODS: Expression of ATP6V1H in peripheral blood was compared pre and post development of diabetes in nine individuals. RESULTS: Considerable variation of ATP6V1H mRNA levels was observed between different individuals. However, within each individual the decrease in expression of ATP6V1H with the development of diabetes was highly statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: ATP6V1H may represent a critical molecular mechanism involved in the development of type 2 diabetes and its compilations through its important regulatory effect on vacuolar-ATPase activity.