Retraction Note: Study of liver toxicity and DNA damage due to exposure to the pesticide Mancozeb in an experimental animal model - A pilot model.

The article "Study of liver toxicity and DNA damage due to exposure to the pesticide Mancozeb in an experimental animal model - A pilot model", by N.D. Suarez Uribe, M.F. Pezzini, J. Dall'Agnol, N. Marroni, S. Benitez, D. Benedetti, J. Da Silva, C.T. Cerski, E. Dallegrave, S. Macedo, S.C.W.S.E.F. de Oliveira, D. Joveleviths, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27 (13): 6374-6383-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202307_32997-PMID: 37458654 has been retracted by the Editor in Chief for the following reasons: After publication, concerns were raised by an unidentified reader who underlined some similarities between this publication and a previous publication published in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology. After being informed, the authors claimed the previous journal published the article without consent, and, therefore, the authors promptly withdrew the previous publication. The retraction published by the other journal does not contain any information regarding the reason for withdrawal. As a matter of fact, the journal does not have any evidence about the authors' claim and still considers this research a duplicate publication. For the above-mentioned reasons, the Editor in Chief decided to withdraw the manuscript. This manuscript has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/32997.

Efeito da suplementação parenteral extra de cobre e zinco sobre a resposta imunológica de vacas Nelore / Effects of parenteral over-supplementation of cooper and zinc on immune response of Nellore cows

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação mineral injetável extra de cobre (Cu) e zinco (Zn) sobre a resposta imunológica de vacas Nelore no período pré-parto. Foram avaliadas 60 vacas prenhes, as quais foram divididas em dois tratamentos, por meio da distribuição aleatória em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Aos 75 dias antes do parto, as vacas do tratamento testemunha (T) receberam soro fisiológico como placebo e os animais suplementados (S) receberam mineral injetável via subcutânea (75mg de cobre e 250mg de zinco, em dose única). Foram realizadas três coletas de sangue, duas antes da data prevista para o parto (75 e 10 dias) e uma 30 dias após o parto. Os teores de Cu, Zn, ceruloplasmina, imunoglobulinas G (IgG) e M (IgM) foram analisados durante as três coletas. A atividade fagocitária foi avaliada aos 30 dias pós-parto. Os dados foram examinados mediante análise de variância, com o uso do pacote estatístico do SAS, e os dados individuais da atividade fagocitária pelo PROC GLM. Os dados de Cu, Zn, IgG e IgM foram analisados como medidas repetidas no tempo de coleta por meio do PROC MIXED, com o nível de significância de 5%. Os teores de Cu, Zn, IgM, IgG, ceruloplasmina e a atividade fagocitária das vacas não sofreram influência dos tratamentos (P>0,05). O fornecimento de Cu e Zn injetável, nas doses utilizadas, aos 75 dias antes do parto para vacas Nelore, em dietas suficientes, não alterou os teores de Cu, Zn, ceruloplasmina e a resposta imunológica até 30 dias após o parto.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extra injectable mineral supplementation of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on the immune response of Nellore cows in pre-partum period. Sixty pregnant cows were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design in two treatments. In the control treatment (T), cows received saline as placebo, and supplemented treatment (S) received mineral injection (75mg copper and 250mg of zinc, single dose) subcutaneously, 75 days prior to parturition. Blood was sampled three times, two before the expected date of parturition (75 and 10 days) and another at 30 days postpartum. Analyses were performed for Cu, Zn, ceruloplasmin, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) in the three periods and the phagocytic activity in the last period (30 days postpartum). The experimental data were subjected to analysis of variance using the statistical package SAS, being that the individual data phagocytic activity were analyzed by PROC GLM, and the Cu, Zn, IgG and IgM were analyzed as repeated measures in the time, using the PROC MIXED, with the significance level of 5%. The Cu, Zn, IgM, IgG, ceruloplasmin and the phagocytic activity of the cows were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). The supply of injectable Cu and Zn, at the doses used, 75 days before parturition to Nellore cows in sufficient diets, did not alter the serum contents of Cu, Zn, ceruloplasmin and the immune response up to 30 days after parturition.(AU)

Efeito da suplementação parenteral extra de cobre e zinco sobre a resposta imunológica de vacas Nelore / Effects of parenteral over-supplementation of cooper and zinc on immune response of Nellore cows

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação mineral injetável extra de cobre (Cu) e zinco (Zn) sobre a resposta imunológica de vacas Nelore no período pré-parto. Foram avaliadas 60 vacas prenhes, as quais foram divididas em dois tratamentos, por meio da distribuição aleatória em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Aos 75 dias antes do parto, as vacas do tratamento testemunha (T) receberam soro fisiológico como placebo e os animais suplementados (S) receberam mineral injetável via subcutânea (75mg de cobre e 250mg de zinco, em dose única). Foram realizadas três coletas de sangue, duas antes da data prevista para o parto (75 e 10 dias) e uma 30 dias após o parto. Os teores de Cu, Zn, ceruloplasmina, imunoglobulinas G (IgG) e M (IgM) foram analisados durante as três coletas. A atividade fagocitária foi avaliada aos 30 dias pós-parto. Os dados foram examinados mediante análise de variância, com o uso do pacote estatístico do SAS, e os dados individuais da atividade fagocitária pelo PROC GLM. Os dados de Cu, Zn, IgG e IgM foram analisados como medidas repetidas no tempo de coleta por meio do PROC MIXED, com o nível de significância de 5%. Os teores de Cu, Zn, IgM, IgG, ceruloplasmina e a atividade fagocitária das vacas não sofreram influência dos tratamentos (P>0,05). O fornecimento de Cu e Zn injetável, nas doses utilizadas, aos 75 dias antes do parto para vacas Nelore, em dietas suficientes, não alterou os teores de Cu, Zn, ceruloplasmina e a resposta imunológica até 30 dias após o parto.(AU)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extra injectable mineral supplementation of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) on the immune response of Nellore cows in pre-partum period. Sixty pregnant cows were randomly distributed in a completely randomized design in two treatments. In the control treatment (T), cows received saline as placebo, and supplemented treatment (S) received mineral injection (75mg copper and 250mg of zinc, single dose) subcutaneously, 75 days prior to parturition. Blood was sampled three times, two before the expected date of parturition (75 and 10 days) and another at 30 days postpartum. Analyses were performed for Cu, Zn, ceruloplasmin, immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) in the three periods and the phagocytic activity in the last period (30 days postpartum). The experimental data were subjected to analysis of variance using the statistical package SAS, being that the individual data phagocytic activity were analyzed by PROC GLM, and the Cu, Zn, IgG and IgM were analyzed as repeated measures in the time, using the PROC MIXED, with the significance level of 5%. The Cu, Zn, IgM, IgG, ceruloplasmin and the phagocytic activity of the cows were not affected by treatments (P>0.05). The supply of injectable Cu and Zn, at the doses used, 75 days before parturition to Nellore cows in sufficient diets, did not alter the serum contents of Cu, Zn, ceruloplasmin and the immune response up to 30 days after parturition.(AU)

LONGEVIDADE DE LARVAS INFECTANTES DE TRICOSTRON-GILÍDEOS (NEMATODA:TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) EM DUAS ALTURAS DE PASTO DE Brachiaria brizantha CV. MARANDU, DURANTE O PERÍODO DAS ÁGUAS, NO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO

Uma das formas de realizar o controle dos parasitos gastrintestinais de ruminantes é limitar o desenvolvimento do estádio infectante (L3) através da modificação do microclima pelo manejo de pastagens. Para isto, torna-se necessário conhecer a viabilidade destas larvas em diferentes capins e regiões. Este trabalho foi realizado para fazer esta estimativa em capim Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha), no período das águas, na região do Triângulo Mineiro. Foram utilizados dois piquetes de 800 m2, cujo pasto apresentava altura média inicial de 10 e de 30 cm. No dia 24 de janeiro de 2015, dia zero do experimento, foram marcados 24 pontos em cada piquete, onde foi realizada a contaminação com 5g de fezes de caprinos com média de 2100 ovos de tricostrongilídeos por grama. Amostras de pasto foram coletadas em uma área de 100 cm2 em torno do depósito de fezes, divididas em estrato superior e inferior, e submetidas ao método de Rugai modificado para obtenção e identificação das L3, nos dias 7, 14, 28 e 45 após a contaminação. Observou-se a redução do número de L3 recuperadas ao longo do tempo, sendo que esta redução foi significativa a partir do 14o dia pós-contaminação (p>0,05). Foi possível recuperar larvas em amostras de pasto até 28 dias após contaminação. Não foi observada diferença significativa pelo teste de Wilcoxon no número de larvas recuperadas a partir do estrato superior e i

LONGEVIDADE DE LARVAS INFECTANTES DE TRICOSTRON-GILÍDEOS (NEMATODA:TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) EM DUAS ALTURAS DE PASTO DE Brachiaria brizantha CV. MARANDU, DURANTE O PERÍODO DAS ÁGUAS, NO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO

Uma das formas de realizar o controle dos parasitos gastrintestinais de ruminantes é limitar o desenvolvimento do estádio infectante (L3) através da modificação do microclima pelo manejo de pastagens. Para isto, torna-se necessário conhecer a viabilidade destas larvas em diferentes capins e regiões. Este trabalho foi realizado para fazer esta estimativa em capim Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha), no período das águas, na região do Triângulo Mineiro. Foram utilizados dois piquetes de 800 m2, cujo pasto apresentava altura média inicial de 10 e de 30 cm. No dia 24 de janeiro de 2015, dia zero do experimento, foram marcados 24 pontos em cada piquete, onde foi realizada a contaminação com 5g de fezes de caprinos com média de 2100 ovos de tricostrongilídeos por grama. Amostras de pasto foram coletadas em uma área de 100 cm2 em torno do depósito de fezes, divididas em estrato superior e inferior, e submetidas ao método de Rugai modificado para obtenção e identificação das L3, nos dias 7, 14, 28 e 45 após a contaminação. Observou-se a redução do número de L3 recuperadas ao longo do tempo, sendo que esta redução foi significativa a partir do 14o dia pós-contaminação (p>0,05). Foi possível recuperar larvas em amostras de pasto até 28 dias após contaminação. Não foi observada diferença significativa pelo teste de Wilcoxon no número de larvas recuperadas a partir do estrato superior e i

LONGEVIDADE DE LARVAS INFECTANTES DE TRICOSTRON-GILÍDEOS (NEMATODA:TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) EM DUAS ALTURAS DE PASTO DE Brachiaria brizantha CV. MARANDU, DURANTE O PERÍODO DAS ÁGUAS, NO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO

Uma das formas de realizar o controle dos parasitos gastrintestinais de ruminantes é limitar o desenvolvimento do estádio infectante (L3) através da modificação do microclima pelo manejo de pastagens. Para isto, torna-se necessário conhecer a viabilidade destas larvas em diferentes capins e regiões. Este trabalho foi realizado para fazer esta estimativa em capim Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha), no período das águas, na região do Triângulo Mineiro. Foram utilizados dois piquetes de 800 m2, cujo pasto apresentava altura média inicial de 10 e de 30 cm. No dia 24 de janeiro de 2015, dia zero do experimento, foram marcados 24 pontos em cada piquete, onde foi realizada a contaminação com 5g de fezes de caprinos com média de 2100 ovos de tricostrongilídeos por grama. Amostras de pasto foram coletadas em uma área de 100 cm2 em torno do depósito de fezes, divididas em estrato superior e inferior, e submetidas ao método de Rugai modificado para obtenção e identificação das L3, nos dias 7, 14, 28 e 45 após a contaminação. Observou-se a redução do número de L3 recuperadas ao longo do tempo, sendo que esta redução foi significativa a partir do 14o dia pós-contaminação (p>0,05). Foi possível recuperar larvas em amostras de pasto até 28 dias após contaminação. Não foi observada diferença significativa pelo teste de Wilcoxon no número de larvas recuperadas a partir do estrato superior e i

LONGEVIDADE DE LARVAS INFECTANTES DE TRICOSTRON-GILÍDEOS (NEMATODA:TRICHOSTRONGYLOIDEA) EM DUAS ALTURAS DE PASTO DE Brachiaria brizantha CV. MARANDU, DURANTE O PERÍODO DAS ÁGUAS, NO TRIÂNGULO MINEIRO

Uma das formas de realizar o controle dos parasitos gastrintestinais de ruminantes é limitar o desenvolvimento do estádio infectante (L3) através da modificação do microclima pelo manejo de pastagens. Para isto, torna-se necessário conhecer a viabilidade destas larvas em diferentes capins e regiões. Este trabalho foi realizado para fazer esta estimativa em capim Marandu (Brachiaria brizantha), no período das águas, na região do Triângulo Mineiro. Foram utilizados dois piquetes de 800 m2, cujo pasto apresentava altura média inicial de 10 e de 30 cm. No dia 24 de janeiro de 2015, dia zero do experimento, foram marcados 24 pontos em cada piquete, onde foi realizada a contaminação com 5g de fezes de caprinos com média de 2100 ovos de tricostrongilídeos por grama. Amostras de pasto foram coletadas em uma área de 100 cm2 em torno do depósito de fezes, divididas em estrato superior e inferior, e submetidas ao método de Rugai modificado para obtenção e identificação das L3, nos dias 7, 14, 28 e 45 após a contaminação. Observou-se a redução do número de L3 recuperadas ao longo do tempo, sendo que esta redução foi significativa a partir do 14o dia pós-contaminação (p>0,05). Foi possível recuperar larvas em amostras de pasto até 28 dias após contaminação. Não foi observada diferença significativa pelo teste de Wilcoxon no número de larvas recuperadas a partir do estrato superior e i

Toxicity of sediments from a mangrove forest patch in an urban area in Pernambuco (Brazil).

Industrial and urban residues are discharged every day to the rivers and may arrive at the mangrove forest and prejudice the quality of the environment and the organisms present there. The mangrove forest patch studied is encircled by an urban area of the city of Recife (Brazil) that has approximate 1.5 million inhabitants and is one of the most industrialized centers in Northeast Brazil. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of the sediments of this mangrove patch in terms of metal contamination and ecotoxicology. Samples of surface sediment were collected in six stations for toxicological tests and trace metal determination (Cr, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Co and Ni), in July and August, 2006 (rainy season); and in January and February 2007 (dry season). Toxicity tests with solid-phase sediments were carried out with the copepod Tisbe biminiensis in order to observe lethal and sub-lethal endpoints and correlate them with chemical data. In June, there were no observed lethal effect, but two stations presented sub-lethal effects. In January, lethal effect occurred in three stations and sub-lethal in one station. The levels for Zn and Cr were at higher levels than international proposed guidelines (NOAA). There was a negative significant correlation between the copepods׳ fecundity, and Zn and Cr concentrations. Therefore, the studied sediments can be considered to have potential toxic to benthos due to the high content of Zn and Cr.

Localización del electrodo de marcapasos definitivo en el tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho mediante tomografía axial computarizada / Determinating the location of the permanent pacemaker lead in the right ventricle outflow tract by computed tomography

Introducción: Precisar la ubicación del electrodo de marcapasos en el tracto de salida del ventrículo derecho (TSVD) es difícil mediante las técnicas convencionales (fluoroscopia y electrocardiografía). La tomografía permite determinar de forma tridimensional la relación del electrodo en el TSVD. Objetivo: Determinar la localización del electrodo de marcapasos mediante la tomografía axial computarizada y comparar los resultados con la localización electrocardiográfica y fluoroscópica. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron 36 pacientes portadores de marcapasos definitivo VVI con el electrodo localizado en el TSVD, a quienes se les tomó un electrocardiograma de 12 derivaciones, proyecciones fluoroscópicas convencionales y tomografía multicorte para determinar la posición del electrodo en el TSVD. Resultados: Mediante el electrocardiograma se localizó el electrodo septal en 58.3% y en pared libre en 41.7%. Por fluoroscopia en oblicua anterior izquierda (OAI) a 35° se localizó el electrodo en pared anterior 5.6%, en pared libre en 38.9% y septal en 55.6%; en OAI a 45° en pared anterior en 2.8%, en pared libre 44.4% y septal en 52.8%. Mediante tomografía se documentó la posición anterior del electrodo en 39%, pared libre en 48% y septal en 13%. El coeficiente Kappa de las 3 pruebas mostró una concordancia muy baja. Conclusión: La tomografía es un mejor método para determinar la posición del electrodo en TSVD comparado contra la fluoroscopia y el electrocardiograma.

Introduction: Determination of the location of the lead of the permanent pacemaker in the right ventricle outflow tract (RVOT) it's difficult with the conventional techniques (fluoroscopic images and electrocardiography). The computed tomography (CT) allows to determinate in three dimensions the relation between the lead and the RVOT. Objective: Determine the location of the electrode lead by computed tomography and compare the results with electrocardiographic and fluoroscopy images localization. Material and methods: 36 patients were included with VVI permanent pacemaker with the lead in the RVOT. A 12-lead electrocardiogram, fluoroscopy images and CT were performed to determine the position of the lead in the RVOT. Results: By electrocardiogram, we located the lead in septal wall 58.3% and free wall 41.7%. By fluoroscopy images in left anterior oblique (LAO) 35° the lead was located on the anterior wall 5.6%, free wall 38.9% and septal 55.6%; in LAO 45° anterior wall 2.8%, free wall 44.4% and septal 52.8%. By Tomography the lead was positioned on anterior wall in 39%, free wall 48% and septal 13%. The Kappa coefficient of the 3 tests showed very low concordance. Conclusion: CT is a better method for determining the position of the lead on the RVOT compared to fluoroscopy images an electrocardiogram.

Thermo-tolerant coliform bacteria decay rates in a full scale waste stabilization pond system in northeast Brazil.

This paper presents the results for thermo-tolerant coliform (TTC) decay rates (K(b)) in a full scale WSP system located in Natal-RN, northeast Brazil. The series comprises a primary facultative pond (2 m deep), followed by two maturation ponds (1.5 m deep) giving a total area of 11 ha. The influent sewage and the pond effluents were monitored weekly during a seven month period. The results showed that the K(b) values predicted by the Marais equation assuming a hydraulic regime of complete mixing overestimated TTC die-off rates. The K(b) value adopted in the project design was 6.20 d(-1) but the mean value found for the WSP system during the monitoring programme was only 0.85 d(-1). This value is low compared to the values cited in the literature for shallow ponds (<1.25 m deep) but similar to values for deeper ponds. The sub optimal TTC removal rate in this WSP system may be caused by the adoption of too high a K(b) value at the design stage and the negative influence of high wind conditions on the mixing regime in the water columns of the ponds. Thus values for K(b) adopted at the design stage of WSP systems should be coherent with the hydraulic flow model, the type of pond, pond depth, and with the surface organic loading.

Central 5-HT2A receptors modulate the vagal bradycardia in response to activation of the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex in anesthetized rats

Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, and 5-HT7 receptors modulates the excitability of cardiac vagal motoneurones, but the precise role of 5-HT2A/2B receptors in these phenomena is unclear. We report here the effects of intracisternal (ic) administration of selective 5-HT2A/2B antagonists on the vagal bradycardia elicited by activation of the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex with phenylbiguanide. The experiments were performed on urethane-anesthetized male Wistar rats (250-270 g, N = 7-9 per group). The animals were placed in a stereotaxic frame and their atlanto-occipital membrane was exposed to allow ic injections. The rats received atenolol (1 mg/kg, iv) to block the sympathetic component of the reflex bradycardia; 20-min later, the cardiopulmonary reflex was induced with phenylbiguanide (15 µg/kg, iv) injected at 15-min intervals until 3 similar bradycardias were obtained. Ten minutes after the last pre-drug bradycardia, R-96544 (a 5-HT2A antagonist; 0.1 µmol/kg), SB-204741 (a 5-HT2B antagonist; 0.1 µmol/kg) or vehicle was injected ic. The subsequent iv injections of phenylbiguanide were administered 5, 20, 35, and 50 min after the ic injection. The selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonism attenuated the vagal bradycardia and hypotension, with maximal effect at 35 min after the antagonist (pre-drug = -200 ± 11 bpm and -42 ± 3 mmHg; at 35 min = -84 ± 10 bpm and -33 ± 2 mmHg; P < 0.05). Neither the 5-HT2B receptor antagonists nor the vehicle changed the reflex. These data suggest that central 5-HT2A receptors modulate the central pathways of the parasympathetic component of the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex.

Central 5-HT(2A) receptors modulate the vagal bradycardia in response to activation of the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex in anesthetized rats.

Activation of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(2C), 5-HT(3), and 5-HT(7) receptors modulates the excitability of cardiac vagal motoneurones, but the precise role of 5-HT(2A/2B) receptors in these phenomena is unclear. We report here the effects of intracisternal (ic) administration of selective 5-HT(2A/2B) antagonists on the vagal bradycardia elicited by activation of the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex with phenylbiguanide. The experiments were performed on urethane-anesthetized male Wistar rats (250-270 g, N = 7-9 per group). The animals were placed in a stereotaxic frame and their atlanto-occipital membrane was exposed to allow ic injections. The rats received atenolol (1 mg/kg, iv) to block the sympathetic component of the reflex bradycardia; 20-min later, the cardiopulmonary reflex was induced with phenylbiguanide (15 µg/kg, iv) injected at 15-min intervals until 3 similar bradycardias were obtained. Ten minutes after the last pre-drug bradycardia, R-96544 (a 5-HT(2A) antagonist; 0.1 µmol/kg), SB-204741 (a 5-HT(2B) antagonist; 0.1 µmol/kg) or vehicle was injected ic. The subsequent iv injections of phenylbiguanide were administered 5, 20, 35, and 50 min after the ic injection. The selective 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonism attenuated the vagal bradycardia and hypotension, with maximal effect at 35 min after the antagonist (pre-drug = -200 ± 11 bpm and -42 ± 3 mmHg; at 35 min = -84 ± 10 bpm and -33 ± 2 mmHg; P < 0.05). Neither the 5-HT(2B) receptor antagonists nor the vehicle changed the reflex. These data suggest that central 5-HT(2A) receptors modulate the central pathways of the parasympathetic component of the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex.

Acalasia cricofaríngea em cão: relato de caso / Canine cricopharyngeal achalasia: case report

A 7-month-old miniature poodle female dog was referred with dysphagia. After clinical, radiographic, and endoscopic examination, it was diagnosed a probable case of cricopharyngeal achalasia. The patient underwent surgical treatment and presented normal swallowing and no regurgitation after 24 hours post-surgery. Positive recovery and progressive body weight gain until 180 days after surgery was observed.

Uma cadela da raça poodle miniatura com sete meses de idade foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário apresentando quadro de disfagia. Após exames clínico, radiográfico e endoscópico detalhados, houve diagnóstico provável de acalasia cricofaríngea. A paciente, submetida a tratamento cirúrgico, apresentou deglutição normal e nenhuma regurgitação 24 horas pós-cirurgia. Houve recuperação satisfatória e ganho de peso progressivo até 180 dias após a cirurgia.

Canine cricopharyngeal achalasia: case report / Acalasia cricofaríngea em cão: relato de caso

A 7-month-old miniature poodle female dog was referred with dysphagia. After clinical, radiographic, and endoscopic examination, it was diagnosed a probable case of cricopharyngeal achalasia. The patient underwent surgical treatment and presented normal swallowing and no regurgitation after 24 hours post-surgery. Positive recovery and progressive body weight gain until 180 days after surgery was observed.(AU)

Uma cadela da raça poodle miniatura com sete meses de idade foi atendida no Hospital Veterinário apresentando quadro de disfagia. Após exames clínico, radiográfico e endoscópico detalhados, houve diagnóstico provável de acalasia cricofaríngea. A paciente, submetida a tratamento cirúrgico, apresentou deglutição normal e nenhuma regurgitação 24 horas pós-cirurgia. Houve recuperação satisfatória e ganho de peso progressivo até 180 dias após a cirurgia.(AU)

Childhood body mass index and risk of asthma in adolescence: a systematic review.

Asthma and obesity, both of which are considered global health issues, affect approximately 300 million individuals worldwide. The observation that asthma and obesity tend to increase in parallel may indicate a potential link between these two conditions. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to investigate the relationship between childhood nutritional status and incidence or persistence of asthma during adolescence. The principal eligibility criteria for selection of articles were including longitudinal analysis, and which measured of exposure during childhood or adolescence and outcome during adolescence. The systematic search initially returned 1563 unique articles. After inspection of titles and reading the abstracts of these articles, we chose 27 for full reading. Of these, 10 were selected to be included in the present review. Of the 10 selected studies, eight showed positive associations between overweight/obesity and asthma. Of these, two were independent of sex, three were found only among men and another three only among women. The present study shows strong evidence that, although the role of sex is not clear, obesity precedes, and is associated with, the persistence and intensity of symptoms of asthma.

Avaliação preliminar da atividade antimicrobiana do extrato de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. - Hil.) obtido por extração com CO2 supercrítico / Preliminary evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of "erva mate" (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. - Hil.) extract obtained by using supercritical CO2

Ilex paraguariensis A. St. - Hil. (erva-mate) é uma árvore pertencente à família Aquifoleaceae, nativa da região sul da América do Sul e de grande importância cultural e econômica para os três estados da região sul do Brasil. O presente trabalho determinou o potencial antimicrobiano do extrato de erva-mate obtido por fluido supercrítico, frente a alguns microrganismos. As folhas de Ilex paraguariensis foram coletadas na região norte do RS. O extrato bruto da planta desidratada foi obtido pelo método de extração com fluido supercrítico, utilizando dióxido de carbono (CO2) como solvente. Foi obtida a solução mãe desse extrato (100 mg mL-1) que a seguir foi diluído (50; 25; 12,5; 6,25 mg mL-1) para avaliação da atividade antimicrobiana por meio da técnica de difusão do disco em ágar Müeller Hinton, sobre cepas de Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) e Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). As análises foram efetuadas em triplicata, utilizando como controle negativo disco estéril sem impregnação e como controle positivo discos de antibióticos comerciais variáveis de acordo com a espécie bacteriana. Após 16 a 24h de incubação a 35ºC os halos com significância foram medidos. Observou-se atividade antimicrobiana frente a S. aureus (halos de inibição variaram entre 7 e 18 mm) e para P. aeruginosa (halos entre 6 e 11 mm), ambos nas concentrações de 100 até 25 mg mL-1. O extrato obtido por extração em fluido supercrítico de Ilex paraguariensis apresentou atividade antimicrobiana frente a S. aureus e P. aeruginosa.

Ilex paraguariensis A. St. - Hil. ("erva mate") is a tree of the Aquifoliaceae family, native to the south region of South America and of great cultural and economic importance for the three states of the south region of Brazil. The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial potential of "erva mate" extract obtained by supercritical fluid against some microorganism strains. The leaves of Ilex paraguariensis were collected in the north region of Rio Grande do Sul State. The crude extract of dehydrated plant was obtained by supercritical fluid extraction, using carbon dioxide (CO2) as solvent. The extract mother solution (100 mg mL-1) was diluted (50; 25; 12, 5; 6.25 mg mL-1) for antimicrobial activity evaluation, by means of disk diffusion method on Müeller-Hinton agar, against strains of Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). The analyses were done in triplicate, using as negative control sterile disk without impregnation and as positive control, commercial antibiotic disks according to the bacterial species. After 16-24h incubation at 35ºC, the diameters of inhibition zones were measured. Antimicrobial activity was observed against S. aureus (inhibition zones between 7 and 18 mm) and P. aeruginosa (inhibition zones between 6 and 11 mm), both at the concentrations of 100 mg mL-1 to 25 mg mL-1. The extract of Ilex paraguariensis obtained by supercritical fluid presented antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

Inorganic As speciation and bioavailability in estuarine sediments of Todos os Santos Bay, BA, Brazil.

The spatial distribution of As (total As, As (III) and As (V)) in estuarine sediments from the main tributaries of Todos os Santos Bay, BA, Brazil, was evaluated under high and low flow conditions. The concentrations of As were determined using a slurry sampling procedure with hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-AAS). The highest concentrations were observed at estuary mouths, and exceeded conservative lower threshold value (Threshold Effects Level; TEL). Due to the oxic conditions and abundance of Mn and Fe (oxyhydr)oxides in the sediments, most inorganic arsenic in the Subaé and Paraguaçu estuaries was present as As (V). Nevertheless, the concentration of As (III) at several locations along the Jaguaripe River were also above the TEL value, suggesting that As may be toxic to biota. In the Subaé estuary, antropogenic activities are the main source of As. At the Jaguaripe and at Paraguaçu estuaries, nevertheless, natural sources of As need to be considered to explain the distribution patterns.

Site of intrauterine artificial insemination in the bitch does not affect sperm distribution within the uterus.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of frozen-thawed spermatozoa within the uterine lumen and oviducts following intrauterine laparoscopic deposition at two sites. Twelve bitches of unknown reproductive history were randomly distributed into two groups. Semen (3 ml containing 300 × 10(6) frozen-thawed spermatozoa) was infused at the uterine body (UB group) or at the cranial tip of the left uterine horn. A 22-G catheter was used to access the uterine lumen. Sperm cell distribution was evaluated after ovariohysterectomy performed 3 h after artificial insemination (AI). There was no difference between groups in mean time to perform AI. Spermatozoa were detected in all uterine segments, including the tip of both horns, but none was detected in the oviduct. The 22-G catheter facilitated deposition of semen in the uterine lumen, particularly at the UB site. Sperm cell distribution occurred evenly along both horns, independent of the site of semen deposition.

Microphytoplankton structure from the neritic and oceanic regions of Pernambuco State - Brazil.

This research was carried out to assess phytoplankton diversity, distribution and ecology on the Pernambuco Continental Shelf and Oceanic region (lat. 7 masculine 33' 00' S to 8 masculine 41' 50' S and long. 34 masculine 04' 47' W to 35 masculine 01' 20' W). Samples were collected during the Joint Oceanographics Projects (JOPS II-Leg 5) by double oblique hauls with a baby bongo net 64 microm mesh size at depth between 14 and 150 m in inshore and offshore waters respectively, in seven transects, totaling 34 stations. The temperature and salinity characterised the tropical water masses. The dissolved oxygen was oversaturated in all stations. The nutrient-low concentrations showed an oligothrophic pattern in the whole area. 173 specific and infraspecific taxa were identified: Dinophyta (103 taxa), Bacillariophyta (61 taxa), Cyanobacteria (7 taxa), Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta (1 taxon). The family Ceratiaceae presented the highest species number (47 taxa). The cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum Ehrenberg, Oscillatoria spp. and the diatom Leptocylindrus danicus Cleve had higher frequence of occurrence and abundance. Species diversity varied from 0.71 to 3.46 bits.cell-1 and this low index was due to Trichodesmium erythraeum bloom and evenness from 0.14 to 0.65, showing an unstable pattern. The oceanic planktonic species were responsible for the higher richness with 78 taxa, corresponding to 58.39% of the total microphytoplankton. The species association presented two groups. The first one divided in two subgroups: one associated to the neritic/oceanic and oceanic planktonic species and the other to the oligotrophic indicator species. The second group was composed of some key species which were the most abundant and frequent in the area. The first three Principal Component Analyses (PCAs) explained 50.91% of the data variance showing that the area is structured by two groups: one offshore composed by oligotrophic indicators, and another nearshore influenced by continental fluxes.

In vivo hydroquinone exposure impairs allergic lung inflammation in rats.

Hydroquinone (HQ) is naturally found in the diet, drugs, as an environmental contaminant and endogenously generated after benzene exposure. Considering that HQ alters the immune system and its several source of exposures in the environment, we hypothesized that prolonged exposure of HQ could affect the course of an immune-mediated inflammatory response. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally exposed to vehicle or HQ once a day, for 22 days with a 2-day interval every 5 days. On day 10 after exposure with vehicle or HQ, animals were ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized and OA-aerosolized challenged on day 23. HQ exposure did not alter the number of circulating leukocytes but impaired allergic inflammation, evidenced by lower number of leukocytes in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 24h after OA-challenge. Reduced force contraction of ex vivo tracheal segments upon OA-challenge and impaired mesentery mast cell degranulation after in situ OA-challenge were also detected in tissues from HQ exposed animals. The OA-specificity on the decreased responses was corroborated by normal trachea contraction and mast cell degranulation in response to compound 48/80. In fact, lower levels of circulating OA-anaphylactic antibodies were found in HQ exposed rats, as assessed by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis assay. The reduced level of OA-anaphylactic antibody was not dependent on lower number or proliferation of lymphocytes. Nevertheless, lower expression of the co-stimulatory molecules CD6 and CD45R on OA-activated lymphocytes from HQ exposed rats indicate the interference of HQ exposure with signaling of the humoral response during allergic inflammation. Together, these data indicate specific effects of HQ exposure manifested during an immune host defense.