A systematic review and meta-analysis of the parental stress scale's psychometric properties.

Parental stress can affect the ability of parents to cope with the challenges of raising children. The result can be a negative cycle within the family dynamic, which in turn can interfere with children's development and emotional regulation. Among the many instruments available to assess parental stress, the Parental Stress Scale (PSS) deserves particular mention. To our knowledge, there are currently no systematic reviews evaluating the psychometric properties of the PSS. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the psychometric properties of the PSS using the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments) methodology and to conduct a meta-analysis. A thorough literature search was conducted from different databases. A meta-analysis to test the generalisability of PSS internal consistency across its component factors was performed. A total of 20 validation studies of the PSS were identified. Based on the COSMIN methodology, this instrument receives an 'A' rating, meaning that it is considered to be a cross-sectional instrument with the necessary scientific evidence for the assessment of the construct of parental stress. The meta-analysis testing the generalisability of its internal consistency yielded satisfactory results across the different factors. Future research should focus on those psychometric properties of the PSS that have not been studied as extensively, such as reproducibility, responsiveness, measurement error, and measurement invariance.

Promoting vaccination during rapid HIV testing: Recommendations from men who have sex with men in California.

Community-based rapid HIV testing is effective for reaching racial-ethnically diverse men who have sex with men (MSM), offering an opportunity for bundled health promotion interventions. Given MSM experience a heightened prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and meningococcal disease, we examined their preferences for bundling rapid HIV testing with an intervention to promote vaccination against these infections. In 2020, we conducted five virtual focus groups (N = 25 participants) in English and Spanish with MSM in Southern California's Inland Empire. Participants discussed their knowledge about HPV and meningitis vaccination and attitudes toward receiving vaccination information and referrals during rapid HIV tests. We used the rigorous and accelerated data reduction technique to systematically analyse the data. Participants had a mean age of 30, were socioeconomically diverse, and predominantly (68%) Hispanic. 96% had ever been tested for HIV, while only 28% were vaccinated against HPV and/or meningitis. Most participants were unaware of MSM's elevated risk for HPV and meningitis and were eager to receive vaccination information from LGBTQ+-friendly providers. However, many participants emphasised rapid HIV testing was stressful and anticipated feeling overwhelmed if presented with vaccination information in this setting. Preferred formats for vaccine promotion included pamphlets and resources that could be discretely accessed online, supported by broader advertising featuring diverse MSM on social media, dating apps, and posters in the community. Overall, our findings suggest that bundling health promotion messages with rapid HIV testing may be ineffective, as the anxiety associated with taking an HIV test may interfere with such messages and their impact.

Non-Gaussian tail in the force distribution: a hallmark of correlated disorder in the host media of elastic objects.

Inferring the nature of disorder in the media where elastic objects are nucleated is of crucial importance for many applications but remains a challenging basic-science problem. Here we propose a method to discern whether weak-point or strong-correlated disorder dominates based on characterizing the distribution of the interaction forces between objects mapped in large fields-of-view. We illustrate our proposal with the case-study system of vortex structures nucleated in type-II superconductors with different pinning landscapes. Interaction force distributions are computed from individual vortex positions imaged in thousands-vortices fields-of-view in a two-orders-of-magnitude-wide vortex-density range. Vortex structures nucleated in point-disordered media present Gaussian distributions of the interaction force components. In contrast, if the media have dilute and randomly-distributed correlated disorder, these distributions present non-Gaussian algebraically-decaying tails for large force magnitudes. We propose that detecting this deviation from the Gaussian behavior is a fingerprint of strong disorder, in our case originated from a dilute distribution of correlated pinning centers.

Magnetic moment inversion at giant flux jump: dynamical property of critical state in type-II superconductors.

Experimental evidence of tremendous magnetic moment dynamical inversion, from metastable trapping state to the state with essentially the same moment oriented in the opposite direction, appearing during giant flux jump connected to thermomagnetic avalanche process in superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-δ single crystal, is presented. Magnetization inversion takes place in the system, without thermal contact between sample and sample holder, with a tremendous stored energy once the avalanche process is completed in quasi-adiabatic conditions. A model of magnetic moment inversion, caused by the jump between two metastable states of superconductor with the same energy storage, is presented and discussed in terms of the critical state with peculiar evolution of the critical-current spatial distribution. Importantly, knowledge of conditions of the appearance of such a phenomenon is crucial for applications of bulk superconductors as "permanent" magnets, for example, in superconducting levitation devices, etc.

Conocimientos y creencias sobre el cuidado al usuario de alcohol por estudiantes de enfermería / Conhecimentos e crenças sobre o cuidado ao usuário de álcool por estudantes de enfermagem / Knowledge and beliefs about the care to alcohol user by nursing students

Introducción: El aumento progresivo del consumo de alcohol, justifica la presencia de usuarios en las unidades de atención primaria, clínicas, quirúrgicas. Debido a esto la prevención del consumo de alcohol es una prioridad para enfermería debido a sus funciones como responsable del cuidado, por tal motivo el objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar los conocimientos y creencias sobre el cuidado brindado al usuario de alcohol en los estudiantes de enfermería de nivel técnico de una escuela privada. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal. El tamaño de la muestra total fue de 283 estudiantes. Se utilizó el instrumento de Escala de Educación de Enfermería en Alcohol para la evaluación de los conocimientos y creencias. Resultados y Discusión: El sexo femenino predominó con un 51.2% (x= 17,22; DE= 1,53) y la mayor proporción de estudiantes fueron de primer semestre con un (35.3%). Asimismo los estudiantes de enfermería de nivel técnico presentan un conocimiento regular y creencias positivas sobre el cuidado brindado al usuario de alcohol y se encontró una relación positiva y significativa entre los conocimientos y las creencias sobre el cuidado (rs=.408, p<.01). Conclusiones: Un conocimiento inadecuado y creencias negativas de los profesionales de enfermería hacia los usuarios que consumen alcohol pueden ser factores que interfieran en la planeación del cuidado, diagnóstico e implementación de las intervenciones de enfermería, ya que al no tener los conocimientos adecuados puede generar en el estudiante una falta de seguridad y confianza en el abordaje del cuidado al usuario de alcohol.

Introdução: O aumento progressivo do consumo de álcool, justifica a presença de usuários nas unidades de atenção primária, clínicas, quirúrgicas. Devido a isto a prevenção do consumo de álcool é uma prioridade para enfermagem devido a suas funções como responsável pelo cuidado, por tal motivo o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar os conhecimentos e crenças sobre o cuidado brindado ao usuário de álcool nos estudantes de enfermagem de nível técnico de uma escola privada. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo descritivo correlacional de corte transversal. O tamanho da amostra total foi de 283 estudantes. Utilizou-se o instrumento de Escala de Educação de Enfermagem em Álcool para a avaliação dos conhecimentos e crenças. Resultados e Discussão: O sexo feminino predominou com um 51,2% (x= 17,22; DE= 1,53) e a maior proporção de estudantes foram de primeiro semestre com um (35,3%). Assim mesmo os estudantes de enfermagem de nível técnico apresentam um conhecimento regular e crenças positivas sobre o cuidado brindado ao usuário de álcool e encontrou-se uma relação positiva e significativa entre os conhecimentos e as crenças sobre o cuidado (rs=.408, p<.01). Conclusões: Um conhecimento inadequado e crenças negativas dos profissionais de enfermagem para os usuários que consomem álcool podem ser fatores que interfiram no planejamento do cuidado, diagnóstico e implementação das intervenções de enfermagem, já que ao não ter os conhecimentos adequados pode gerar no estudante uma falta de segurança e confiança na abordagem do cuidado ao usuário de álcool.

Introduction: The gradual increase in the consumption of alcohol, justifies the presence of users in primary units, clinics, surgical care. Because of this the prevention of alcohol consumption is a priority for nurses because his duties as caregiver. Therefore, the objective of this study was identifying the knowledge and beliefs about the care given to the user of alcohol in nursing students at the technical level of a private school at Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive correlational cross-sectional. The total sample size was 283 students. The instrument used was Scale Nursing Education in Alcohol for evaluation of Knowledge and Belief. Results and Discussion: The female sex predominated with 51.2% (x = 17.22, SD = 1.53) and the highest proportion of first semester students were of (35.3%). Also nursing students presented a regular level knowledge and positive beliefs about the care given to the user of alcohol and a positive and significant relationship between knowledge and beliefs about care (rs = .408, p <.01). Conclusions: The inadequate knowledge and negative beliefs of nurses to users who consume alcohol could be factors that interfere in the care planning, diagnosis and implementation of nursing interventions, due not having the knowledge skills can generate at the students a lack of confidence and trust in the care trained to alcohol user.

Percepción de crianza parental y su relación con el inicio del consumo de drogas en adolescentes mexicanos / Perception of Parenting and its Relationship to the Onset of Drug Use in Mexican Adolescents / Percepção de criação parental e sua relação com o início do consumo de drogas em adolescentes mexicanos

Contra todo esfuerzo, el inicio del consumo de drogas continúa siendo precoz. Se presumen asociaciones con factores relativos a la crianza, pero la escasa evidencia encontrada indica un vacío en el conocimiento de este fenómeno. Objetivo: identificar la relación entre la percepción de crianza parental y la edad de inicio en el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes. Materiales y método: diseño descriptivo correlacional con muestreo probabilístico. La muestra de adolescentes (n = 416) se estimó para IC 95%. Se empleó una cédula sobre consumo de drogas y el cuestionario "Mis memorias de crianza" EMBU-I. Resultados: se identificaron correlaciones positivas entre la percepción de crianza parental y la edad de inicio del consumo de tres drogas. Por sexo del progenitor se encontraron ocho correlaciones entre la percepción de crianza paterna (todas las dimensiones de crianza) y la edad de inicio del consumo de cuatro drogas. En las madres, la dimensión de calidez se correlacionó positivamente con la edad de inicio del consumo de tabaco. Conclusiones: posiblemente la crianza parental desempeña un papel importante en el inicio temprano del consumo de sustancias por los adolescentes, por lo que es preciso considerarla en la prevención de las adicciones.

Despite all efforts, the onset of drug use continues to occur at an early age. It is presumed to be related to factors associated with parenting; however, the limited amount of evidence found points to a gap in what is known about this phenomenon. Objective: The study was designed to identify the relationship between the perception of parenting and the age at which adolescents begin to consume drugs. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlational approach was used in conjunction with probability sampling. The sample of adolescents (n = 416) was estimated for 95% CI. A document on drugs and a questionnaire entitled "Memories of My Upbringing" (EMBU -I) were used. Results: Positive correlations were identified between the perception of parenting and the age of first use of three drugs. Based on the gender of the parent, eight correlations were found between perception of parenting (in all its dimensions) and the age of first use of four drugs. Among mothers, there was a positive correlation between the warmth dimension and the age of first use of tobacco. Conclusions: Parenting possibly plays an important role in the early onset of substance use by teenagers. Therefore, it is a necessary factor to consider in the prevention of addiction.

Contra todo esforço, o início do consumo de drogas continua sendo precoce. Presumem-se associações com fatores relativos à criação, mas a escassa evidência constatada indica um vazio no conhecimento desse fenômeno. Objetivo: identificar a relação entre a percepção de criação parental e a idade de início no consumo de substâncias psicoativas em adolescentes. Materiais e métodos: desenho descritivo correlacional com amostragem probabilística. A amostra de adolescentes (n = 416) se estimou para IC 95%. Empregou-se uma cédula sobre consumo de drogas e o questionário "Minhas memórias de criação" EMBU-I. Resultados: identificaram-se correlações positivas entre a percepção de criação parental e a idade de início do consumo de três drogas. Por sexo do progenitor, encontraram-se oito correlações entre a percepção de criação paternal (todas as dimensões de criação) e a idade de início do consumo de quatro drogas. Nas mães, a dimensão de calidez se correlacionou positivamente com a idade de início do consumo de tabaco. Conclusões: possivelmente, a criação parental desempenha um papel importante no início precoce do consumo de substâncias pelos adolescentes; portanto, é preciso considerá-la na prevenção dos vícios.

Self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy, consumption of tobacco and alcohol in secondary students from urban and rural areas of Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.

This study aimed to know the differences, if any, in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol among adolescents from urban and rural areas, and if self-esteem and self-efficacy are related to the consumption in these two groups of adolescents from secondary schools in urban and rural areas of Nuevo León México, from January to June in 2006. The study was based on the theoretical concepts of self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The design was descriptive and correlational with a sample of 359 students. A substantial difference was found in the consumption of tobacco among secondary students from urban and rural areas (U= 7513.50, p = .03). The average consumption in urban area was higher (average chi = .35) than in the rural area (average chi = .14). A negative and significant relation was found between the quantity of drinks consumed on a typical day and self-esteem (r s = - .23, p <.001), as well as for the quantity of cigarettes consumed on a typical day (r s = - .20, p <.001).

Self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy, consumption of tobacco and alcohol in secondary students from urban and rural areas of Monterrey, Nuevo León, México / Autoestima, autoeficacia percibida, consumo de tabaco y alcohol en estudiantes de educación secundaria de área urbana y rural de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México / Auto-estima, auto-eficácia percebida, consumo de tabaco e álcool entre estudantes do ensino fundamental, das áreas urbana e rural, de Monterrey, Nuevo León, México

This study aimed to know the differences, if any, in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol among adolescents from urban and rural areas, and if self-esteem and self-efficacy are related to the consumption in these two groups of adolescents from secondary schools in urban and rural areas of Nuevo León México, from January to June in 2006. The study was based on the theoretical concepts of self-esteem, perceived self-efficacy and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The design was descriptive and correlational with a sample of 359 students. A substantial difference was found in the consumption of tobacco among secondary students from urban and rural areas (U= 7513.50, p = .03). The average consumption in urban area was higher (average chi = .35) than in the rural area (average chi = .14). A negative and significant relation was found between the quantity of drinks consumed on a typical day and self-esteem (r s = - .23, p <.001), as well as for the quantity of cigarettes consumed on a typical day (r s = - .20, p <.001).

El propósito del estudio fue conocer si existen diferencias en el consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes del área urbana y rural y si la autoestima y la autoeficacia se relacionan con el consumo en estos dos grupos de adolescentes que estudian en la educación secundaria en el área urbana y rural de Nuevo León México, entre enero y junio de 2006. El estudio se realizó bajo los conceptos teóricos de autoestima, autoeficacia percibida y consumo de alcohol y tabaco. El diseño fue descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra fue de 359 estudiantes. Se encontró diferencia significativa de consumo de tabaco en estudiantes de secundaria urbana y rural (U= 7513.50, p=.03) siendo más alta la media de consumo en área urbana (media ji =.35) que en la rural (media ji =.14). Se encontró relación negativa y significativa de cantidad de bebidas consumidas en un día típico y la autoestima (r s=-.23, p<.001), así mismo de la cantidad de cigarrillos consumidos en un día típico (r s=-.20, p< .001).

O propósito deste estudo foi verificar diferenças no consumo de tabaco e álcool entre adolescentes das áreas urbana e rural, e se a auto-estima e auto-eficácia se relacionam com o consumo nestes dois grupos de adolescentes do ensino fundamental nas áreas urbana e rural de Nuevo León México, entre janeiro e junho de 2006. Este estudo, descritivo e correlacional, se baseou nos conceitos teóricos de auto-estima, auto-eficácia percebida e consumo de álcool e tabaco. A mostra foi de 359 estudantes. Encontrou-se diferença significativa de consumo de tabaco entre estudantes do ensino fundamental, áreas urbana e rural, (U= 7513.50, p=.03) sendo mais alta a média de consumo em área urbana (média chi =.35) que na rural (média chi =.14). Encontrou-se relação, negativa e significativa, entre quantidade de bebidas consumidas num dia típico e a auto-estima (r s=-.23, p<.001), assim como da quantidade de cigarros consumidos num dia típico (r s=-.20, p< .001).